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沈陽化工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 摘要
摘要
煉膠設(shè)備是橡膠工業(yè)中的通用設(shè)備，在所有橡膠制品加工中都必須經(jīng)過煉膠加工工序。因此，煉膠設(shè)備是橡膠機(jī)械中重要的設(shè)備之一。目前的煉膠設(shè)備主要有開煉機(jī)、密煉機(jī)（間歇式生產(chǎn)，目前通用），連續(xù)混煉擠出機(jī)（連續(xù)式生產(chǎn)，橡膠方面正在研究之中，塑料方面已工業(yè)化）。
在橡膠工業(yè)中，混煉車間是整個(gè)行業(yè)的核心，是橡膠工廠最重要的部門，也是能源消耗大戶，占全廠40%，也是目前重點(diǎn)節(jié)能的部門或工序之一。它包括烘箱、切膠機(jī)、開煉機(jī)、密煉機(jī)及其輔機(jī)。近年來，國外橡膠工業(yè)有了迅速的發(fā)展，不僅在各個(gè)加工技術(shù)方面有相當(dāng)?shù)倪M(jìn)步，而且設(shè)備方面有很大的發(fā)展，廣泛地應(yīng)用電子計(jì)算機(jī)管理和控制煉膠作業(yè)，大大地提高了煉膠系統(tǒng)地自動(dòng)化水平，同時(shí)也引起了煉膠系統(tǒng)的變化。
多年來，國外對(duì)煉膠系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)改革實(shí)踐證明：首先改革煉膠機(jī)及其裝置，并使之現(xiàn)代化，以取得較高的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、較高的效率和煉膠作業(yè)最佳化，才能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)煉膠系統(tǒng)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。經(jīng)過多年的改革，當(dāng)代煉膠系統(tǒng)尤其是輪胎廠的煉膠系統(tǒng)已發(fā)展成自動(dòng)化水平較高的工程系統(tǒng)。
開放式煉膠機(jī)簡(jiǎn)稱開煉機(jī)，開煉機(jī)是橡塑工業(yè)中使用歷史最悠久的加工設(shè)備之一。隨著橡塑工業(yè)的產(chǎn)生而誕生，隨著橡塑工業(yè)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展。成為橡塑工業(yè)中加工橡膠、塑料的常用設(shè)備之一，也是基本設(shè)備之一。據(jù)初略統(tǒng)計(jì)，目前我國每年生產(chǎn)開煉機(jī)5000臺(tái)。每年還有一定量的開煉機(jī)供出口到東南亞等地區(qū)。
它主要用于天然橡膠的塑煉，生膠與配合劑的混煉，或用作膠料的熱煉和膠料的壓片之用。它主要由輥筒、機(jī)座、機(jī)架、傳動(dòng)齒輪、潤(rùn)滑裝置、加熱與冷卻裝置、輥溫調(diào)節(jié)裝置、安全制動(dòng)裝置及電動(dòng)機(jī)、減速器等組成。其輥筒采用冷硬鑄鐵制成，其表面經(jīng)過磨削而形成光滑的表面。輥筒內(nèi)部為空心結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)使用要求，通入蒸汽或者冷卻水進(jìn)行冷卻。
為了調(diào)節(jié)煉膠過程中輥筒的溫度，通過進(jìn)水管把水導(dǎo)入輥筒內(nèi)腔，溢流從輥筒一端的喇叭孔進(jìn)入溢流槽再排出。為了操作上的安全，在開煉機(jī)的上端裝有安全拉桿，當(dāng)拉動(dòng)拉桿后，便自動(dòng)切斷電源，通過電磁抱閘而自動(dòng)停車。為防止膠料從輥筒兩端擠入輥筒軸承部位，裝有擋膠板。
關(guān)鍵詞： 開煉機(jī)、輥筒、輥筒軸承、機(jī)座、安全制動(dòng)裝置、加熱與冷卻裝置
Abstract
The complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineering material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge
One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to today's designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations.
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Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked.
If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product.
Must regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly. A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.
China is the world's first national machinery development. Chinese mechanical engineering technology not only has a long history and splendid achievements in Chinese is not only the material culture and social economic development plays an important role in the world, and to promote the progress of civilization, technology has made great contribution to Chinese traditional machine. And in a long period ahead in the world. In modern times, especially from the early 18th century, due to the nineteen forties, due to the economic and social reasons, such as the China machinery industry, stagnation, in the 100 years is western bourgeois political revolution and industrial revolution, mechanical science and technology is developing rapidly, and far more than the level of China. So, China mechanical development level and the western gap widens, sharply to the 19th century middle behind western one hundred years.
Keywords：machine manufacture technology， original method，drawing dimensions，industrial revolution
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目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 開煉機(jī)的工作原理 1
1.2開煉機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 1
1.3 控制方式智能 1
1.4 開煉機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)形式的歷史發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀 3
第二章 主要性能參數(shù)的確定 4
2.1 主要參數(shù)的確定 4
2.2 傳動(dòng)原理圖 4
2.3 電動(dòng)機(jī)和減速機(jī)的選擇 4
2.4 速比齒輪的確定 5
2.5 傳動(dòng)齒輪的確定 6
第三章 主要零部件的設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.1 輥筒的設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.2 橫梁和機(jī)架 7
3.3 潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng) 8
3.4制動(dòng)裝置 13
第四章 調(diào)距裝置 16
4.1 調(diào)距螺桿的計(jì)算 16
4.2 螺桿螺紋的自鎖條件 24
4.3 螺母計(jì)算 25
第五章 輥溫調(diào)節(jié)裝置 35
5.1 輥筒冷卻計(jì)算 35
5.2實(shí)際冷卻水消耗的確定
5.3冷卻水管進(jìn)水管直徑的計(jì)算
總結(jié)
參考文獻(xiàn) 38
致 謝 39