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橋式起重機主體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計
摘要
起重機的用途是將物品從空間的某一個地點搬運到另一個地點。為了完成這個作業(yè)，起重機一般具有使物品沿空間的三個方向運動的機構(gòu)。橋式類型的起重機是依靠起重機運行機構(gòu)和小車運行機構(gòu)的組合運動使所搬運的物品在長方形平面內(nèi)作運動。
起重機是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)不可缺少的組成部分，借助起重機可以實現(xiàn)主要工藝流程和輔助作業(yè)的機械化，在流水線和自動線生產(chǎn)車間中，起重機大大提高了生產(chǎn)效率。
本文主要完成了橋式起重機主體結(jié)構(gòu)部分的設(shè)計及主梁和端梁的校核計算。采用正軌箱形梁橋架，正軌箱形梁橋架由兩根主梁和端梁構(gòu)成。主梁外側(cè)分別設(shè)有走臺，并與端梁通過連接板焊接在一起形成剛性結(jié)構(gòu)。為了運輸方便在端梁中間設(shè)有接頭，通過連接板和角鋼使用螺栓連接，這種結(jié)構(gòu)運輸方便、安裝容易。小車軌道固定于主梁的壓板上，壓板焊接在蓋板的中央。
本文正確選擇了起重機橋架鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造形式和構(gòu)件截面，以保證其在使用過程中的強度、剛度和穩(wěn)定性。設(shè)計時，同時還注意了起重機的結(jié)構(gòu)制造工藝性、省料、安裝以及維修方便等問題。
關(guān)鍵詞：橋式起重機；主體結(jié)構(gòu)；橋架
Design of main body structure of bridge-type hoist crane
Abstract
The usage of hoist crane is to transport goods from some place to another one. In order to accomplish this job, there is mechanism in the hoist crane which makes the goods move along the space in three directions. The bridge type hoist crane carries the goods to move in the rectangular plane depending upon the combination of the hoist crane movement mechanism and the car movement.
The hoist crane plays an important role in the modern age. It is possible to realize the mechanization of main technical process and assistance work with the help of the hoist crane. The hoist crane can improve the production efficiency greatly in the assembly line and production workshop.
This paper mainly completes the design of main-body structure and checking up calculation of the bridge-type hoist crane. Box-girder bridge type is adopted which is made up of two main beams and end girders. The main beams have walking platform on outside plates and welded with end girders to form rigid structure. For transportation convenience, joints are adopted in the middle of the end girders, and connected together with junction panels, angle-steels and bolts, which brings about transportation convenience and easy fixing. The car rails are fixuped on up-plates of the main beams which are welded in the middle of the up-plates.
The hoist crane bridge types and the structural cross sections are chosen correct to ensure their intensity, the rigidity and the stability in the use process. Meanwhile, the structure manufacture technology capability, materials saving, fixing and convenience of maintenance and so on are paid attention to.
Key word: Bridge-type hoist crane; main body structure; bridge