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單位代碼 02
學(xué) 號 080105012
分 類 號 TH6
密 級
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
金剛石鋸片磨弧機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
院(系)名稱
工學(xué)院機(jī)械系
專業(yè)名稱
機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動化
學(xué)生姓名
指導(dǎo)教師
2012年 5 月 10 日
黃河科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 任務(wù)書
工 學(xué)院 機(jī)械 系 機(jī)電 專業(yè) 08 級 08機(jī)電1 班
學(xué)號 學(xué)生 指導(dǎo)教師
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目
金剛石鋸片磨弧機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)工作內(nèi)容與基本要求(目標(biāo)、任務(wù)、途徑、方法,應(yīng)掌握的原始資料(數(shù)據(jù))、參考資料(文獻(xiàn))以及設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)要求、注意事項(xiàng)等)(紙張不夠可加頁)
一.主要內(nèi)容:
分析課題條件要求,查閱文獻(xiàn),擬定總體設(shè)計(jì)方案;2.結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì);3.編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書,翻譯外文,編寫文獻(xiàn)綜述。
二.要求:
1. 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)明確;2. 編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書設(shè)計(jì)說明書不少于6000字;4. 查閱文獻(xiàn)資料不少于12篇,其中外文資料不少于2篇;獻(xiàn)綜述不少于3000字。
三.主要參考資料:
《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊》 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社
《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 西北工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社
《現(xiàn)代機(jī)床電器》 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
四、時(shí)間安排:
1-4 周 完成開題報(bào)告、文獻(xiàn)翻譯、文獻(xiàn)綜述及總體方案設(shè)計(jì)
5-10 周 完成機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、完成機(jī)械圖并撰寫說明書
10-12 周 修改論文、資格審查等
13 周 畢業(yè)答辯
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間: 2012 年 2 月 13 日至 2012 年 5 月 15 日
計(jì) 劃 答 辯 時(shí) 間: 2012 年 5 月 19 日
專業(yè)(教研室)審批意見:
審批人簽名:
黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告表
課題名稱
金剛石鋸片磨弧機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
課題來源
教師擬訂
課題類型
AX
指導(dǎo)教師
學(xué)生姓名
專 業(yè)
機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動化
學(xué) 號
一、調(diào)研資料的準(zhǔn)備
根據(jù)任務(wù)書的要求,在做本課題前,查閱了與課題相關(guān)的資料有:機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械制圖、機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)、沖壓成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)、冷沖模課程設(shè)計(jì)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)等以及與設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的手冊。
二、設(shè)計(jì)的目的與要求
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是大學(xué)教學(xué)中最后一個實(shí)踐性教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),通過該設(shè)計(jì)過程,可以檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生所學(xué)的知識,同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生處理工程中實(shí)際問題的能力,因此意義特別重大。
1. 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì);2. 編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書設(shè)計(jì)說明書不少于6000字;4. 查閱文獻(xiàn)資料不少于12篇,其中外文資料不少于2篇;獻(xiàn)綜述不少于3000字。
三、設(shè)計(jì)的思路與預(yù)期成果
1、設(shè)計(jì)思路
首先:根據(jù)本次設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)要求查找資料,做好設(shè)計(jì)的準(zhǔn)備工作。
其次:依據(jù)要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能要求計(jì)算并選擇或設(shè)計(jì)出合適的電機(jī)及各種零件,畫出裝配圖及其零件圖。
2、預(yù)期的成果
(1)完成文獻(xiàn)綜述一篇,不少與3000字,與專業(yè)相關(guān)的英文翻譯一篇,不少于3000字
(2)完成內(nèi)容與字?jǐn)?shù)都不少于規(guī)定量的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書一份
(3)繪制裝配圖,部分零件圖
四、任務(wù)完成的階段內(nèi)容及時(shí)間安排
第1~2周 查閱資料,調(diào)研,方案論證,寫開題報(bào)告;
第3~4周 寫文獻(xiàn)綜述,翻譯外文資料,擬定總體設(shè)計(jì)方案;
第5~11周 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與控制設(shè)計(jì)。
第12~13周 撰寫研究論文。
第14~15周 驗(yàn)收,答辯,總結(jié)等。
五、完成設(shè)計(jì)所具備的條件因素
本人已修完機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械制圖、液壓與氣壓傳動、金屬工藝學(xué)、機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)、沖壓成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)、冷沖模課程設(shè)計(jì)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)等課程,借助圖書館的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料,以及相關(guān)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)等資源。
指導(dǎo)教師簽名: 日期:
課題來源:(1)教師擬訂;(2)學(xué)生建議;(3)企業(yè)和社會征集;(4)科研單位提供
課題類型:(1)A—工程設(shè)計(jì)(藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì));B—技術(shù)開發(fā);C—軟件工程;D—理論研究;E—調(diào)研報(bào)告
(2)X—真實(shí)課題;Y—模擬課題;Z—虛擬課題
要求(1)、(2)均要填,如AY、BX等。
黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 第 IV 頁
金剛石鋸片磨弧機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要
近幾年我國金剛石制品和硬質(zhì)合金工具業(yè)發(fā)展很快,給金剛石行業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來了機(jī)遇。特別是金剛石鋸片的使用使加工行業(yè)走到了一個新的領(lǐng)域,早期的金剛石鋸片是一種用手工鑲嵌天然金剛石而成的,但由于天然金剛石價(jià)格昂貴,早期不能大規(guī)模應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)。1930年以后,隨著粉末冶金技術(shù)的發(fā)展,產(chǎn)生了焊接式金剛石圓鋸片。人造金剛石的誕生,使得金剛石工具制造業(yè)得到迅速發(fā)展,金剛石圓鋸片開始大規(guī)模應(yīng)用于石材加工等行業(yè)。
現(xiàn)在采用激光焊接方式制造金剛石鋸片是近年來發(fā)展起來的新技術(shù),與傳統(tǒng)釬焊或壓制燒結(jié)鋸片相比,焊出的鋸片不但外觀好,鋸片精度和強(qiáng)度也大大提高。激光焊金剛石鋸片刀頭內(nèi)圓弧面的加工是生產(chǎn)過程中的關(guān)鍵工序,激光焊金剛石鋸片對刀頭圓弧面的要求比普通鋸片要高,圓弧面加工質(zhì)量的好壞直接影響鋸片的性能和壽命,良好的圓弧面可以提高鋸片的幾何形狀和尺寸精度,降低鋸片的偏擺量,提高焊接強(qiáng)度,防止脫齒,從而大大改善鋸片的使用性能和壽命。目前,國內(nèi)不少廠家進(jìn)口了激光焊金剛石鋸片生產(chǎn)線,其配備的磨弧機(jī)均為砂輪磨弧機(jī),使用過程中調(diào)整麻煩,精度難以保證,砂輪經(jīng)常堵塞,效率低,嚴(yán)重制約了生產(chǎn)線的能力發(fā)揮。因此設(shè)計(jì)一種用砂帶來磨金剛石鋸片的機(jī)器將會有更好的效果。
關(guān)鍵詞:高速切削,金剛石鋸片,高效,加工質(zhì)量
Diamond saw blades grinding arc machine design
Author:Ren ZhiQiang
Tutor:Li ChangShi
Abstract
Diamond products in China in recent years and carbide tools industry development soon, to the development of the diamond industry creates opportunity. Especially the diamond saw blades with processing industry come to a new field, early diamond saw blades is a kind of manual Mosaic natural diamond and become, but because the natural diamond expensive, early can't large-scale used in production. 1930 years later, with the development of powder metallurgical technology, and produced the welding type diamond circular saw blades. The birth of artificial diamond, diamond tool industry that is rapidly developing, diamond circular saw blades started mass used in stone processing industries.
Now the laser welding process manufacturing diamond saw blades is developed in recent years to new technology, and traditional qian welding or suppression than sintering saw blades, welding of the blades not only look good, saw blade precision and strength also greatly improved. Laser welding diamond saw blades in the manufacturing is head of circular arc the key process working procedure, laser welding diamond saw blades for the head of circular arc than ordinary higher requirements blades, circular arc surface processing quality direct impact on the performance of the blades and life expectancy, good surface can improve the circular arc of the blades of geometry shape and size precision, lower blades of a partial quantity, improve the welding strength, prevent to take off the tooth, thereby greatly improve the blades of use function and life. At present, the domestic many manufacturers imported laser welding diamond saw blades production line, the grinding machine are equipped with the arc for grinding wheel grinding arc machine, use process adjustment trouble, hard to ensure accuracy, grinding wheel often jams, low efficiency, seriously restricted the production line of the ability to play. So the design of a sand grinding diamond saw blades with bring machine will have better effect.
Keywords :High speed cutting,diamond saw blades,efficiency,processing quality
目 錄
1、金剛石鋸片介紹 1
1.1 金剛石鋸片的用途和特點(diǎn) 1
1.2 運(yùn)輸和存放 1
1.3 金剛石圓鋸片的(焊接)加工 1
2、砂帶磨削技術(shù)的介紹 3
2.1 砂帶磨削的定義 3
2.2 砂帶磨削原理 3
2.2.1 主軸傳動裝置 3
2.2.2 砂帶張緊裝置 3
2.2.3 砂帶導(dǎo)向裝置 4
2.2.4 接觸輪 4
2.3 砂帶磨削特點(diǎn) 4
2.3.1 加工效率高 4
2.3.2 加工表面質(zhì)量高 4
2.3.3 工藝靈活性大, 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng) 5
2.3.4 抗振性好 5
2.3.5 經(jīng)濟(jì)性好 5
3、機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)及計(jì)算 6
3.1 機(jī)床的總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 6
3.1.1 傳動設(shè)計(jì) 6
3.1.2 主要機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 6
3.2 傳動部分的設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.2.1 電機(jī)的選擇 7
3.2.2 砂帶的選擇及計(jì)算 7
3.2.3 砂帶磨削過程中的受力分析 8
3.3 張緊機(jī)構(gòu)及快換操縱機(jī)構(gòu)和調(diào)偏機(jī)構(gòu) 9
3.4 接觸輪主軸設(shè)計(jì) 10
3.4.1 選擇軸的材料 10
3.4.2 所承受的扭矩初估計(jì)軸的最小直徑 10
3.4.3 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 10
3.4.4 軸的受力分析 11
3.4.5 軸的疲勞強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)校核計(jì)算 12
3.5 張緊輪 16
4、夾具的設(shè)計(jì) 17
4.1 問題提出 17
4.2 夾具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 17
結(jié)論 19
致謝 20
參考文獻(xiàn) 21
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
文獻(xiàn)綜述
院(系)名稱
工學(xué)院機(jī)械系
專業(yè)名稱
機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動化
學(xué)生姓名
指導(dǎo)教師
2012年 03 月 10 日
2
黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)文獻(xiàn)綜述
黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(文獻(xiàn)綜述) 第 6 頁
摘 要
隨著汽車、航空和航天技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,對材料性能及加工技術(shù)的要求日益提高。新型材料如碳纖維增強(qiáng)塑料、顆粒增強(qiáng)金屬基復(fù)合材料(PRMMC)及陶瓷材料得到廣泛應(yīng)用。這些材料具有強(qiáng)度高、耐磨性好、熱膨脹系數(shù)小等特性,這決定了對它們進(jìn)行機(jī)加工時(shí)刀具的壽命非常短。開發(fā)新型耐磨且穩(wěn)定的超硬切削刀具是許多高校、科研院所和企業(yè)研究的課題。 金剛石集力學(xué)、光學(xué)、熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、光學(xué)等眾多優(yōu)異性能于一身,具有極高的硬度,摩擦系數(shù)小,導(dǎo)熱性高,熱膨脹系數(shù)和化學(xué)惰性低,是制造刀具的理想材料。本文對近年來金剛石刀具的應(yīng)用發(fā)展作一概述。
關(guān)鍵詞:新型材料,強(qiáng)度高,超硬,刀具
Abstract
With the rapid development of automotive, aviation and aerospace technology, the increasing demand for the material properties and processing technology. New materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics, particle reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMC) and ceramic materials are widely used. These materials have high strength, good wear resistance, small thermal expansion coefficient, which determines the tool life when machining is very short. The development of new wear-resistant and stable superhard cutting tool in many universities, research institutes and corporate research topics. Diamond set mechanical, optical, thermal, acoustic, optical, etc. a number of excellent performance in a high hardness, low coefficient of friction and high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient and chemical inertness, is an ideal material for manufacturing tools. For an overview on the development of the diamond tool manufacturing methods in recent years.
Keywords: new materials, high strength, super-hard, tool
1 金剛石圓盤鋸工作性能
采用喜利得D-LP32/DS-TS32型金剛石圓盤鋸切割、分塊。
1.1 D-LP32/DS-TS32圓盤鋸主要技術(shù)參數(shù)
最大功率:32KW;
額定電壓:400V-50HZ;
液壓泵量:40-100L/min;
最大工作壓力:210bav;
最大切割深度:73㎝;
(通過技術(shù)配套改進(jìn),可適當(dāng)加深)
機(jī)重:38㎏。
1.2 金剛石圓盤鋸切割工法
金剛石圓盤鋸切割是液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動金剛石圓盤鋸高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)來研磨被切割體,完成切割工作。由于使用金剛石單晶做為研磨材料,故此可以對石材、鋼筋混凝土等堅(jiān)硬物體進(jìn)行切割。切割是在液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動下進(jìn)行的,液壓泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn),并且可以通過高壓油管遠(yuǎn)距離控制操作,也可通過導(dǎo)軌的不同安裝形式實(shí)現(xiàn)任意角度的切割,所以切割過程中不但操作安全方便,而且震動和噪音很小,被切割物體能在幾乎無擾動的情況下被分離。切割過程中高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的金剛石鋸片靠水冷卻,并將研磨碎屑帶走。
1.3 工作原理
金剛石鋸片在液壓或電動馬達(dá)帶動下,沿軌道方向移動,高速回轉(zhuǎn),研磨、切削鋼筋混凝土。切割安裝見下圖。
1.4 施工特點(diǎn)
a、金剛石墻鋸機(jī)切割面光滑整齊。
b、切割中鋸機(jī)的移動方向受軌道控制,切割位置準(zhǔn)確。
c、無振動、低噪音、環(huán)保、安全無污染。
d、切割厚度可以根據(jù)鋸片的大小調(diào)整。
1.5 適用范圍
a、一般鋼筋混凝土墻、板切割、拆除或開門洞。
b、切割面要求光滑、平直、美觀的混凝土切割。
c、切割深度根據(jù)鋸片大小調(diào)整,目前采用Φ1600mm金剛石圓盤鋸最大切割深度可達(dá)600mm。
1.6 技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
切割鋸片與切割深度
鋸片直徑與切割深度的關(guān)系見下表
鋸片直徑與切割深度的關(guān)系
鋸片直徑mm
800
1200
1600
切割深度mm
330
530
730
軌道安裝偏差控制在3mm以內(nèi),鋸片固定完成后檢查調(diào)整鋸片與切割面的垂直度。
平行于墻體切割樓板時(shí),距離墻邊最小切割距離為30mm。
金剛石圓盤鋸切割混凝土墻體
1.7 施工工藝流程
吊裝
固定導(dǎo)軌
安裝設(shè)備機(jī)具
連接相關(guān)操作系統(tǒng)
確定切割斷面位置
切 割
設(shè)置安全防護(hù)設(shè)施
1.7.1 圓盤鋸固定——導(dǎo)軌安裝
導(dǎo)道使用HILTI專用導(dǎo)軌,導(dǎo)軌固定采用喜利得高強(qiáng)度錨栓,安裝過程使用激光定位儀保證軌道連接的直線度。
1.7.2 切割參數(shù)的選擇
液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動金剛石圓盤高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),磨削混凝土被切割塊,切割過程中用水冷卻,并沖走粉屑。切割過程中保證金剛石圓周線速度達(dá)到5-8m/s,才能進(jìn)行有效切割,這可通過控制操作盤進(jìn)行調(diào)控,但每次切割深度不要超過200mm,采用淺切快跑的方式來回進(jìn)行逐步加深的切割,否則,一旦金剛石鋸片受力變形,不能保證其剛性平面度,會影響切割速度,甚至?xí)l(fā)生機(jī)械傷害事故。
2 金剛石薄壁鉆工作性能
2.1 切割原理
鋼筋混凝土鉆孔是由鉆孔機(jī)帶動金剛石薄壁鉆頭加壓、回轉(zhuǎn),鉆頭胎體金剛石顆粒研磨切削鋼筋和混凝土完成鉆孔切割工作。鉆進(jìn)過程中采用冷卻水、并攜帶出磨削下來的粉屑。
2.2 工程特點(diǎn)
低噪音、無振動、無粉塵污染。對結(jié)構(gòu)無不良影響,使用簡單、靈活,施工速度快。可以進(jìn)行0-90度范圍變角度鉆孔。排孔也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)切割分離。
2.3 適用范圍
鉆孔施工適用于任何混凝土構(gòu)筑物,一次成孔孔徑為ф14-ф350mm,孔深可達(dá)6m。采用連續(xù)排孔法施工,可實(shí)現(xiàn)各種形狀洞口的切割及各種構(gòu)筑物拆除。
2.4 技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
采用十字畫線法確定鉆孔中心,孔位偏差不超過3mm。利用連續(xù)鉆孔進(jìn)行切割時(shí),鉆孔采用ф89mm或ф108mm孔徑施工,一米長度方向上布置鉆孔數(shù)為12~13個。切割直線偏差小于20mm。
2.5 施工工序
放線定位
固定機(jī)座
鉆孔
取出巖芯
2.5.1 放線確定鉆孔位置
在該環(huán)型梁上確定打吊裝孔位置。
2.5.2 底座的安裝
采用M16化學(xué)錨栓或脹栓固定基座,保持機(jī)頭、鉆頭和鉆孔位置在同一垂直面內(nèi)。
2.5.3 鉆孔
人工施加前進(jìn)力,控制力度均勻。
2.5.4 取芯
將鉆具內(nèi)的混凝土取出,進(jìn)一步鉆進(jìn),直至設(shè)計(jì)深度。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 唐存印.幾種金剛石工具鋸切石材分析.珠寶科技,2004-5.
[2] 劉琛,劉慶.一種新型的激光金剛石鋸片專用砂帶磨弧機(jī).金剛石與磨料磨具工程,2004-4.
[3] 呂長利,毛德志.影響金剛石鋸片性能內(nèi)在因素初探.工業(yè)金剛石,2004-2.
[4] 陳冀渝.高使用壽命的金剛石鋸片.建材工業(yè)信息,2002-9.
[5] 王忠義,張?jiān)撇?影響金剛石圓鋸片切割因素的探討,2001-9.
[6] 現(xiàn)代實(shí)用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)編委會. 現(xiàn)代實(shí)用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)手冊[M]. 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2006.
[7] 王先逵.磨削加工[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2008.
[8] 龍振宇,李良軍,伍奴美,任亨斌.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊[M],國家工科基礎(chǔ)課程機(jī)械基礎(chǔ)教學(xué)基地,2003.
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
文獻(xiàn)翻譯
院(系)名稱
工學(xué)院機(jī)械系
專業(yè)名稱
機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動化
學(xué)生姓名
指導(dǎo)教師
2012年 03月 10 日
黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(文獻(xiàn)翻譯) 第 7 頁
Abrasive belt grinding technology in the machinery industry
Abstract
Situation and characteristics of the abrasive belt grinding technology, discusses the development trends of the abrasive belt grinding technology. In the construction machinery industry, some of the higher parts of the long axis of traditional processing technology is generally a coarse grinding and a grinding a few processes of roughing a fine car, parts machining surface finishing rely mainly on a cylindrical grinder with a grinding wheel grinding to achieve. For some of the aspect ratio of a slender rod, such as various types of hydraulic cylinder piston rod, ordinary wheel grinding will be the limit of the range of processing, abrasive belt grinding with its significant advantages, and reveal the head and feet .
Keywords: abrasive belt grinding, development, processing
1 Overview
Abrasive belt grinding process, is the ring of abrasive belt on the cylindrical contact roller and the tension pulley, tension in the state, so that the processing of high-speed rotation of the abrasive belt surface and the workpiece surface in contact, and in certain under pressure, a grinding process on the workpiece surface relative friction movement (cutting motion). Abrasive belt grinding into a round of compression with pressure are two ways shown in Figure 1.
Wheel pressure grinding method, the contact roller to put pressure on the surface of metal in the contact wheel and the workpiece axis spacing A = 1/2 (D + d) such grinding method due to contact pressure, the unit of time removal capacity, high efficiency, and thus applicable to the coarse and fine grinding of the inner cylindrical surface and plane. Put pressure on the workpiece grinding surface pressure grinding method using abrasive belt, due to tensioner pulley bracket to the workpiece direction tilted at an angle α, contact wheel and the workpiece axis spacing interaction A '> 1/2 ( D + d). Compared with round pressure grinding method, the smaller the contact pressure with the pressure method, the amount of metal removed per unit time is also small, mainly used for grinding circular surface, conical and other shaped surface, in particular, to the finishing polish based.
Belt and grinding wheel belong to a multi-tooth micro-edge cutting tool, its processing characteristics are basically the same, the only difference shapes.
2 the current state of development
In foreign countries, some industrial countries due to the rapid development of various types of abrasive belt grinding machine, the function of the abrasive belt grinding has gone far beyond the range for rust, rough grinding, polishing, etc., the processing efficiency of grinding wheel ~ 20 times the processing quality can be comparable to conventional grinding, machining accuracy is close to or reach the same level with the grinding wheel, while the utilization of the machine power than any metal cutting machine tools are high, and its range of applications throughout the various industries, almost all materials (eg, timber, rubber, all kinds of metal) can wear g the Shuai 0 workers. According to the information, the United States each year of the grinding wheel and abrasive belt production ratio of approximately 1: 1. In the famous engineering machinery enterprises CaterPiller, abrasive belt grinding occupies an important position.
Following the introduction of the new technology of high voltage electrostatic plant sand in the country to ensure that the abrasive in the abrasive belt surface of the "orientation", so that the sand, some belt manufacturers, such as Zhengzhou White Dove Group (grinding wheels), the Shanghai wheel plant so with a good sharp. With the development of the binder, water-resistant oil-resistant resin strong belt of the emergence of the abrasive belt grinding performance is significantly improved. Although the models of all kinds of abrasive belt grinding machine is not yet complete, but the development and use of abrasive belt grinding device is feasible.
3 Characteristics of three abrasive belt grinding
(1)The abrasive belt grinding "cutting" said. Abrasive belt grinding, high efficiency, up to 10 times the milling, 5 to 20 times the normal grinding wheel.
(2)The abrasive belt grinding also has a "cold state" grinding said. Friction and heat due to the processing time is less and due to the abrasive cooling time interval, can effectively reduce the deformation of the workpiece and burns, machining accuracy is generally ordinary wheel grinder machining accuracy can be achieved, some of the dimensional accuracy of ± 0. 005 mm, a maximum of ± 0. 0012mm.
(3)The abrasive belt grinding with the grinding of said "flexibility". The abrasive belt grinding workpiece flexible contacts, running and polishing the role of the surface roughness up to Ra0.8 ~ 0.2μm.
(4)Abrasive belt grinding device structure is simple, low cost, minimal wear contact wheel, abrasive belt can maintain constant speed, short transmission chain, the machine power up to 85% utilization.
(5)Auxiliary time. Positioning of the workpiece clamping, multiple replacement of the abrasive belt to complete all processing, do not need to like the wheel as balance and trim work.
(6) adaptability, simple operation, safe and reliable.
4 The main structure and the grinding amount of abrasive belt grinding device
There are several different structure of abrasive belt grinding unit. A device from the motor output shaft direct drive abrasive belt, the other is by the device of the motor by grinding spindle drive belt, a device for grinding.
For the first device, which is characterized by the contact wheel mounted directly on and fixed with 1:5 taper in the motor output shaft, the device has the abrasive belt tensioner and quick-change control mechanism, see Figure 2. Grinding device can make use of the clamping frame installed in a variety of metal cutting machine tools, grinding, so called general-purpose abrasive belt grinding device.
In such a device, the tension wheel and contact wheel should adopt a uniform texture nylon material. Contact roller and tensioner pulley are high-speed rotating parts, the tension wheel speed up to more than 5 000 r / min, the response to these two parts after processing in order to ensure safety and improve the smoothness of the entire device, dynamic balance unbalanced weight trials, and strive to minimize.
The belt line speed by the maximum allowable limit restrictions, generally selected as 25 m / s,. Workpiece per revolution abrasive belt along the workpiece axis vertical feed the general control of finishing in less than half of the abrasive belt width may be appropriate to reduce the number of In addition, the granularity of the abrasive grinding surface roughness has a direct relationship, the smaller the particle size, the lower the value of the surface roughness after grinding. When used, should ensure that there is plenty of coolant and dust removal equipment.
5 direction of development of abrasive belt grinding
Compared with the conventional processing method, the abrasive belt grinding is indeed a high-quality, high efficiency, low consumption of novel processing methods. At the same time, the long axis of the less rigid or thin wall sleeve parts, design and manufacture of some simple structure, easy to manufacture, easy to operate abrasive belt grinding device, installed in the general machine instead of grinding machines to carry out efficient finishing is feasible the.
In other countries, the belt grinding to the following direction:
(1) machine power continued to grow. The abrasive belt grinding machine (kw) for more than 200 have emerged.
(2) increase the belt speed. 100 m / s and above the development of high-speed abrasive belt grinding machine is in progress.
(3) increase the width of the belt, to improve processing efficiency, the widest reached 4.9m.
(4) to extend the life of the belt. From the initial 2 ~ 4h to 8 - 12h.
(5) with the amount of grinding of abrasive belt grinding, the grinding unit time have been able to reach general metal cutting machine tools unit time cutting, abrasive belt grinding finishing push strong mill cutting stage, and to grind on behalf of the car to the mill on behalf of the milling and planing to grind on behalf of the trend.
With the belt grinding process used in the continuous promotion of the domestic construction machinery industry, and the abrasive belt manufacturing process of continuous improvement and development is bound to a wider range of abrasive belt grinding machines and devices. It can be expected that the abrasive belt grinding process in the construction machinery manufacturing industry is bound to receive due attention and further development.
砂帶磨削技術(shù)在工程機(jī)械行業(yè)的應(yīng)用
摘要
介紹砂帶磨削技術(shù)的概況和特點(diǎn),論述砂帶磨削技術(shù)的展趨勢。在工程機(jī)械行業(yè)中,一些要求較高的長軸類零件傳統(tǒng)的加工工藝一般為粗車一精車一粗磨一精磨幾道工序,零件加工表面的精加工主要依靠在外圓磨床上用砂輪磨削來實(shí)現(xiàn)。而對于一些長徑比很大的細(xì)長桿件,如各類液壓缸的活塞桿,采用普通砂輪磨削就會受到加工范圍的限制,砂帶磨削正以其顯著的優(yōu)勢而嶄露頭腳。
關(guān)鍵詞:砂帶磨削,發(fā)展,加工
1 概述
砂帶磨削工藝,就是將環(huán)形砂帶套在接觸輪和張緊輪的外圓上,在張緊的狀態(tài)下,使高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的砂帶表面與工件的加工表面相接觸,并在一定的壓力作用下,以產(chǎn)生的相對摩擦運(yùn)動(切削運(yùn)動)對工件表面進(jìn)行磨削加工的一種工藝方法。砂帶磨削分為輪壓式和帶壓式兩種方法.
對于輪壓式磨削法,即接觸輪施壓于工件表面上,此時(shí)接觸輪與工件的軸間距A=1/2(D+d)此種磨削方式由于接觸壓力大,單位時(shí)間內(nèi)金屬的去除量大,效率高,因而適用于內(nèi)、外圓表面和平面的粗、精磨削。對于帶壓式磨削法,即用砂帶施壓于工件磨削表面,此時(shí)因張緊輪支架向工件方向傾斜了一個角度α,接觸輪與工件軸間距互A′>1/2(D+ d)。與輪壓式磨削法相比,帶壓法的接觸壓力較小,單位時(shí)間內(nèi)去除的金屬量亦小,主要用于磨削圓弧面、圓錐面和其它異形表面,尤其以精加工拋光為主。
砂帶和砂輪一樣,同屬于一種多齒微刃型切削工具,其加工特性基本相同,所不同的只是形狀各異而已。
2 目前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r
在國外,一些工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家由于各種類型砂帶磨床的迅速發(fā)展,砂帶磨削的功能已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了用于除銹、粗磨、拋光等范圍,其加工效率為砂輪磨削的5~20倍,加工質(zhì)量可與一般常規(guī)的磨削方法相媲美,加工精度已接近或達(dá)到與砂輪磨削相同的水平,而機(jī)床功率的利用率卻比任何金屬切削機(jī)床都高,其應(yīng)用范圍遍及各個行業(yè),幾乎對所有材料(如木材、橡膠、各種金屬)都可進(jìn)行磨g帥0工。據(jù)有關(guān)資料介紹,美國每年的砂輪與砂帶產(chǎn)量之比約為 1: 1。在著名的工程機(jī)械企業(yè)CaterPiller公司,砂帶磨削就占有重要的地位。
在國內(nèi)繼引進(jìn)了高壓靜電植砂新工藝,保證了磨粒在砂帶表面的“定向排列”,使砂,一些砂帶生產(chǎn)廠家如鄭州白鴿集團(tuán)(即中國第二砂輪廠)、上海砂輪廠等都相帶具有良好的鋒利性。同時(shí),隨著粘結(jié)劑的發(fā)展,耐水耐油的全樹脂強(qiáng)力砂帶的出現(xiàn),使砂帶的磨削性能得到顯著提高。雖然目前我國各類砂帶磨床的型號尚不完備,但研制和使用一些砂帶磨削裝置是切實(shí)可行的。
3? 砂帶磨削的特點(diǎn)
(1) 砂帶磨削具有“快削法”之稱。砂帶磨削效率高,已達(dá)到銑削的10倍,普通砂輪磨削的5~20倍。
(2) 砂帶磨削還具有“冷態(tài)”磨削之稱。由于加工時(shí)摩擦生熱少,且因磨粒散熱時(shí)間間隔長,可有效地減少工件變形和燒傷,加工精度一般可達(dá)到普通砂輪磨床的加工精度,有的尺寸精度已達(dá)到±0. 005 mm,最高可達(dá)到±0. 0012mm。
(3) 砂帶磨削具有“彈性”磨削之稱。由于砂帶磨削與工件是柔性接觸,具有較好的跑合和拋光作用,工件表面粗糙度可達(dá)Ra0.8~0.2μm。
(4) 砂帶磨削設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,制造成本低,接觸輪極少磨損,可使砂帶保持恒速,傳動鏈短,機(jī)床功率利用率可達(dá) 85%。
(5) 輔助時(shí)間少。工件裝夾一次定位后,可多次更換砂帶完成全部加工,無需象砂輪那樣進(jìn)行平衡及修整工。
(6)適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),操作簡單,安全可靠。
4 砂帶磨削裝置的主要結(jié)構(gòu)及磨削用量
砂帶磨削裝置有幾種不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。一種是由電機(jī)輸出軸直接傳動砂帶的裝置,另一種是由電機(jī)經(jīng)磨削主軸傳動砂帶的裝置,還有一種是供內(nèi)圓磨削使用的裝置。
對于第一種裝置,它的特點(diǎn)是接觸輪直接安裝并固定在具有1:5錐度的電機(jī)輸出軸上,該裝置具有砂帶張緊及快換操縱機(jī)構(gòu).因?yàn)檫@種磨削裝置可以借助夾持架安裝在多種金屬切削機(jī)床上進(jìn)行磨削加工,故稱其為通用砂帶磨削裝置。
在這種裝置中,張緊輪和接觸輪宜采用質(zhì)地均勻的尼龍材料制成。由于接觸輪和張緊輪都是高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的零件,張緊輪的轉(zhuǎn)速可達(dá) 5 000 r/ min以上,為保證安全并提高整個裝置的工作平穩(wěn)性,加工后應(yīng)對這兩種零件進(jìn)行動平衡試驗(yàn),力求將不平衡重減到最小。
砂帶的線速度受允許的最大極限限制,一般選為 25 m/s。工件每轉(zhuǎn)砂帶沿工件軸線的縱向進(jìn)給量一般控制在砂帶寬度的一半以內(nèi),精加工時(shí)可適當(dāng)減少一些。另外,磨粒的粒度與磨削的表面粗糙度有直接關(guān)系,粒度越小,磨削后的表面粗糙度數(shù)值越低。使用時(shí),應(yīng)保證有充足的冷卻潤滑液和相應(yīng)的除塵設(shè)備。
5 砂帶磨削的發(fā)展方向
與一般常規(guī)的加工方法相比較,砂帶磨削的確是一種優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、低消耗的新穎的加工方法。同時(shí),對于剛性較差的長軸或薄壁套筒零件,設(shè)計(jì)制造一些結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、制造容易、操作方便的砂帶磨削裝置,安裝在通用機(jī)床上代替磨床來進(jìn)行高效的精加工是切實(shí)可行的。
在國外,砂帶磨削技術(shù)正在向以下方向發(fā)展:
(1)機(jī)床功率不斷增大。 200 kw 以上的砂帶磨床已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。
(2)提高砂帶速度。正在進(jìn)行 100 m/s以上高速砂帶磨床的研制。
(3)則增大砂帶的寬度,提高加工效率,最寬已達(dá)4.9m以上。
(4)延長砂帶的使用壽命。已從初期的2~4h提高到目前的 8— 12h。
(5)隨著砂帶磨削的磨削用量不斷提高,單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的磨削量已能夠達(dá)到通用金屬切削機(jī)床單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的切削量,從而把砂帶磨削由精加工推向強(qiáng)力磨削的階段,并出現(xiàn)了以磨代車,以磨代銑和以磨代刨的趨勢。
隨著砂帶磨削工藝在國內(nèi)工程機(jī)械行業(yè)的不斷推廣使用,以及砂帶制造工藝的不斷完善和發(fā)展,必將出現(xiàn)種類更多的砂帶磨床和裝置??梢灶A(yù)料,砂帶磨削工藝在工程機(jī)械制造業(yè)中必將得到應(yīng)有的重視和進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。