SJ90-25擠出機設(shè)計（含CAD圖紙）
SJ90-25擠出機設(shè)計（含CAD圖紙）,sj90,25,擠出機,設(shè)計,cad,圖紙
沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 致謝
摘要
塑料擠出機簡稱擠出機（壓出機），它是塑料加工過程中的主要設(shè)備之一，擠出機是成型生產(chǎn)線中的主機，它的作用是剪切塑化物料并運輸，并為制品成型提供所需要的壓力。擠出機可用于成型管材、棒材、板材、片材、薄膜、單絲電纜、中空制品、異型材、各種復(fù)制品等，此外，螺桿擠出機還大量用于進行聚合物的造粒、脫水、共混、增強、反應(yīng)擠出、合金化、喂料及色母料等作業(yè)。以擠出為基礎(chǔ)，配合吹塑拉伸等工藝完成所需工藝產(chǎn)品的塑造。采用螺桿擠出聚合物距今已有100多年的歷史。這種加工方法在聚合物加工工業(yè)中占有十分重要的地位。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，全球60%以上的產(chǎn)品都是用螺桿擠出法來加工的。擠出成型制品的產(chǎn)量遠(yuǎn)高于其他聚合物制成品。隨著聚合物加工工業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展，螺桿擠出裝備的技術(shù)發(fā)展和進步收到了人們更多的關(guān)注。與其他成型方法相比較，聚合物的螺桿擠出成型法具有一些突出的特點，如生產(chǎn)過程連續(xù)；生產(chǎn)效率較高；適用范圍廣，其不僅能用于加工幾乎所有的熱塑性塑料制品，而且也能用于擠出一些熱固性材料。此外，螺桿擠出設(shè)備通常結(jié)構(gòu)較為簡單、操作容易，而且投資少，效率快。因此，螺桿擠出成型法已成為目前最廣泛采用的一種聚合物成型加工方法，螺桿擠出設(shè)備也理所當(dāng)然成為聚合物成型加工機械中的最重要的機種之一。
擠出機的分類通常是按照螺桿數(shù)目分為：單螺桿擠出機，雙螺桿擠出機和多螺桿擠出機。其中前兩類目前應(yīng)用最廣泛。此外，也可以按用途分類：造粒擠出機、排氣脫揮式擠出機、喂料擠出機、傳遞混煉擠出機，按結(jié)構(gòu)特點分為：磨盤式擠出機、可視化科研擠出機、電磁動態(tài)塑化擠出機、自熱式高速擠出機、立式擠出機、階式多級擠出機等，以上機型還可有通用機和專用機之分。常規(guī)型單螺桿擠出機，易操作、造價低因此在聚合物加工工業(yè)有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。但它存在混合、分散和均化效果差，物料溫差大和難以吃粉料等不足外。因此，通常只適用于一般性造粒和塑料制品的加工。目前，歐美等國單螺桿擠出機應(yīng)用的比例是：平模及片材10%；異型材20%；發(fā)泡材30%~40%；吹膜100%；單絲100%；配混10%本次設(shè)計是關(guān)于SJ90-25系列的單螺旋擠出機。在工業(yè)和實驗室中，螺桿擠出機都應(yīng)用及其普遍，是塑料加工設(shè)備的重要元部件之一。作為工業(yè)中使用的單螺桿擠出機，在設(shè)計過程中，要求能完成固體輸送、增壓、熔融、熔體輸送和泵壓等一系列通用過程。主要根已知參數(shù)：D=90mm，長徑比為25，來設(shè)計單螺旋擠出機。此次設(shè)計會首先選擇合適的電機，然后對減速器進行成型的設(shè)計計算、螺桿的設(shè)計計算、機筒和箱體及其他的零件進行設(shè)計計算。最后對其總體進行校核。
關(guān)鍵詞： 擠出機； 減速器； 螺桿； 箱體
Abstract
Plastic extrusion machine called extruder (extruder), it is one of the main equipment in the manufacturing process of plastic, the extruder is molding production line of the host, its role is shearing plasticizing material and transportation, and provide the required pressure molding products. Extruder can be used for molding pipes, bars, plates, sheets, film, wire and cable, hollow products, profile, the replica of the. In addition, screw extrusion is also used extensively for the polymer granulation, dehydration, blending, enhancement, reactive extrusion, alloying, feeding and color masterbatch. Based on extrusion and blow molding process to complete the molding process. The use of screw extrusion polymer dating back more than 100 years of history. This processing method plays a very important role in polymer processing industry. According to statistics, more than 60% of the world's products are processed by screw extrusion process. The production of extruded products is much higher than that of other polymer products. With the rapid development of polymer processing industry, the technology development and progress of the screw extruder has received more attention. Compared with other processing methods, polymer of screw extrusion molding method has some outstanding characteristics, such as continuous production process, high production efficiency and wide application range, which not only can be used for the processing of almost all of the heat plasticity plastic products, but also can some thermosetting material for extrusion. In addition, the screw extrusion device usually has the advantages of simple structure, easy operation, low investment and high efficiency. Therefore, screw extrusion molding method has become the most extensively used a polymer processing methods, screw extrusion equipment have naturally become one of the polymer processing machinery of the most important models.
The classification of the extruder is usually divided into: single screw extruder, twin screw extruder and multi - screw extruder. Among them, the former two types are the most widely used at present. Can also be classified according to purpose: granulating extruder, exhaust devolatilization type extruder, feed extruder, transfer mixing extruder, according to the characteristics of the structure is divided into: disc extruder, scientific visualization extruder, electromagnetic dynamic plasticating extruder, self heating type high-speed extrusion machine, vertical extruder, cascade multilevel extruder etc.. The above models can also be universal machine and the special machine. Conventional single - screw extruder, easy to operate, low cost, so in the polymer processing industry has a wide range of applications. But it has the effect of mixing, dispersing and homogenization, the material temperature difference is big and difficult to eat powder and so on. Therefore, it is generally only applicable to general granulation and processing of plastic products. At present, such as Europe and the United States in single screw extrusion machine is used, the proportion is: flat die and sheet 10%; profile 20%; foam 30% ~ 40%; film 100%; monofilament was 100%; with mixed 10% of the design is the machine extrusion single spiral series on SJ90-25. In the industrial and laboratory, the screw extruder is widely used and widely used. It is one of the important components of the plastic processing equipment. As the industrial use of single screw extruder, in the design process, the requirements can be completed solid conveying, pressurization, melt, melt conveying and pump pressure and a series of general process. The main root parameters are known as D=90mm, the ratio of length to diameter is 25, and the design of single screw extruder. The design will be the first to select the appropriate motor, and then the reducer for the design calculation, the design of the screw, the cylinder and the box and other parts of the design calculation. Finally, the overall check.
Key words: Extruder; Reducer; Screw; Box
目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 設(shè)計初步方案 1
1.2 本次擠出機設(shè)計布置 2
第二章 擠出機的主要性能參數(shù) 3
2.1 螺桿轉(zhuǎn)速 3
2.2 擠出機功率 3
2.3 軸向力P 4
2.4 生產(chǎn)能力Q 4
第三章 電機的選擇 5
第四章 減速器設(shè)計計算 6
4.1 傳動部分設(shè)計計算 6
4.1.1 傳動比計算 6
4.1.2 各軸轉(zhuǎn)速 6
4.1.3 各軸功率 7
4.1.4 各軸轉(zhuǎn)矩 7
4.2齒輪設(shè)計 8
4.2.1 高速級齒輪傳動 8
4.3 速比齒輪軸及其上軸承的設(shè)計、選擇和校核 12
4.3.1 基本軸徑的設(shè)計 12
4.3.2 高速軸(I軸)的軸徑設(shè)計 12
4.3.3 中間軸(II軸)的軸徑設(shè)計 12
4.3.4 低速軸(III)軸的軸徑設(shè)計 13
4.4 各軸上聯(lián)接齒輪的鍵的選取與校核 24
4.4.1 低速級齒輪的健及其校核 25
4.4.2 中間級齒輪的鍵及其校核 25
第五章 螺桿的設(shè)計與校核 27
5.1 螺桿材料 27
5.2 螺桿形式 27
5.3 螺桿參數(shù) 27
5.4 螺桿結(jié)構(gòu) 27
5.5 螺紋的斷面形狀 28
5.6 校核 28
5.6.1 剪應(yīng)力計算 29
5.6.2 壓應(yīng)力計算 29
第六章 機筒的設(shè)計及強度校核 30
6.1 機筒結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及材料選擇 30
6.3 校核 30
6.3.1 機筒內(nèi)壁處的工作應(yīng)力 30
6.3.2 機筒的軸向力 31
6.3.3裝配壓力Pk計 31
6.3.4機筒內(nèi)壁強度校核 31
7.1 螺桿與軸聯(lián)接處的花鍵的選擇與校核[ 32
7.1.1 花鍵擠壓強度校核 32
7.2 推力軸承的選擇與校核 33
7.2.1 校驗 33
7.2.2 壽命計算 33
7.3 聯(lián)軸器的選擇與校核 33
7.4 螺桿與機筒的組合設(shè)計 34
7.5 機頭的設(shè)計 34
7.6 箱體的設(shè)計 34
7.7溫度控制 35
7.7.1 溫度傳感器選擇 35
7.7.2 控制調(diào)節(jié)方法 35
總結(jié) 36
參考文獻 37
致謝 38
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