高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣導(dǎo)學(xué)案

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虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣一直是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的難點(diǎn)之一。由于英漢差異以及中外各語(yǔ)法家對(duì)虛擬的不同論述,學(xué)生們對(duì)這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常存有疑惑,學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)比較困難。 為了有效促進(jìn)虛擬教學(xué),幫助學(xué)生掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣,首先統(tǒng)計(jì)出兩組學(xué)生在各個(gè)具體虛擬語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)中的總體出錯(cuò)情況,然后比較了兩組學(xué)生在他們都犯錯(cuò)較多的幾個(gè)虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中的出錯(cuò)狀況。最后依據(jù)三大錯(cuò)誤類型(語(yǔ)際錯(cuò)誤,語(yǔ)內(nèi)錯(cuò)誤和特殊錯(cuò)誤)對(duì)錯(cuò)誤原因做了詳細(xì)的討論。研究結(jié)果顯示學(xué)生們比較容易犯語(yǔ)內(nèi)錯(cuò)誤,且他們的出錯(cuò)情況和英語(yǔ)水平無(wú)關(guān)。通過(guò)進(jìn)一步分析,把語(yǔ)內(nèi)錯(cuò)誤再細(xì)分為過(guò)度泛化性,規(guī)則非完整應(yīng)用,概念假設(shè)和虛擬規(guī)則判斷錯(cuò)誤,并對(duì)這些細(xì)分的錯(cuò)誤類型做了具體的示例解釋。為了幫助學(xué)生有效應(yīng)對(duì)這些錯(cuò)誤,采用測(cè)試卷中學(xué)生的錯(cuò)題為例,針對(duì)三大錯(cuò)誤類型,提出了具體的應(yīng)對(duì)方法。 最后得出了教學(xué)啟示,希望教師能重視虛擬問(wèn)題并提高自身教學(xué)能力,幫助學(xué)生提高虛擬應(yīng)用和交際能力。 Teaching aims: 1. Review the different forms of subjunctive mood 2. the use of subjunctive mood of if clause Difficult points: the use of subjunctive mood of if clause Step 1 Greetings Step2 Presentation Read the following essay and pay special attention to the sentences underlined.(你能說(shuō)出它們的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)嗎？） Today we buried our 20-year-old son. He was killed instantly in a motorcycle accident yesterday. How I wish I had known when I talked to him last that it would be the last time. If I had only known,I would have said, "Jim, I love you and Im so very proud of you." Step3 New materials 一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法： ① If I ________ (be) a superman now, I ____________ (protect) people who are in danger. ② If I ________ (get) much money, I _________ (donate) some to people suffering the earthquake. ③ If I _________ (live) on the moon, I _____________ (see) the beauty—Chang’e. 思考： 觀察上面句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，找出虛擬現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的規(guī)律？ 總結(jié)： 1.Opposite to the present truth (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，主、從句謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成) ①條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：___________________________________ ②主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：_______________________________________ 備注： would → intention; plan; expected result (意圖；計(jì)劃；必然結(jié)果） could → ability; possibility （能夠；可能性） might → possibility（可能性） should → suggestion（建議） 課堂操練： Translation ① 如果我是你，我可能會(huì)告訴他真相。 If I ____ you, I _______________him the truth. ② 要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都會(huì)很順利的. If my brother _____ here, everything _________ all right. ③要是我哥哥昨天在這兒，一切都會(huì)很順利的. If my brother ____________ here, everything _________________ all right. 思考： 比較一下②③兩個(gè)句子，發(fā)現(xiàn)什么不同了嗎？ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Read and learn 1. If the brave old man hadn’t helped the lady, he couldn’t have been injured. 2. If the robber hadn’t attacked Mr. Yu, he wouldn’t have been killed. 3. If they hadn’t committed a crime, they wouldn’t have been caught by the police. 思考： 研究一下上面句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，分清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)有什么不同？ 總結(jié)： 2.Opposite to the past truth （與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，主、從句謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成） 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)：_________________________________________ 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)：__________________________________________ 課堂操練： 1）. If he_________ (drive) more carefully, he______________________(not cause) the car accident yesterday. 2). If Tom ___________ (be) more careful in the exam, he _____________(pass) it already. 3). If you____________(get) up earlier, you __________________(catch) the first train. 4). If I _____________(meet) you yesterday, we ____________ (go) to the concert together. Read and learn Ａ：—Would you please help me move house tomorrow? Ｂ：—I’d like to, but I have a meeting tomorrow. If I got time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. Ａ：—That’s all right. Thank you all the same. 課堂操練： 1). If I __________ (have) free time this Friday, I ______________(go) to the party. However, I’ll attend a meeting that day. What a pity! 2). If it ________ (be) the Spring Festival tomorrow, I ____________ (get) some pocket money. 總結(jié)：比較兩個(gè)句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)有什么不同？ 3. Opposite to the future truth （與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反時(shí)，主、從句謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成） 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)：①____________________________________ ②____________________________________ ③____________________________________ 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)：______________________________________ 課堂操練： 1). 如果明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將會(huì)被推遲。 If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. =If it __________________________tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. Step4:注意以下幾方面 ： 1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件從句中的倒裝情況 （ ）1_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I　B. I were　C. If I were 　D. Was I E. Were I If I were to do the work, I should do it some other day. =Were I to do the work, I should do it some other day. ( ) 2. __________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the park. 　 A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the park. =If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the park. （ ）3. _____ for the doctor’s careful treatment, he ________till last year. A. If it is not, can’t live B. Were it not, couldn’t live C. If it hadn’t been, couldn’t have lived D. Had it not been, couldn’t have lived E. If they were not, couldn’t live if it is not for(=but for/without)… 要不是… If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s careful treatment, he couldn’t have lived till last year. = Had it not been for the doctor’s careful treatment, he couldn’t have lived till last year 總結(jié)：在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中 should, were 和 had 可以放在句首，這種情況下，if省略. 備注： 1).如果had是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，表示“有”時(shí)，則不可以移到句首。 正：If we had time to spare, we would go to see a film. 誤：Had we time to spare, we would go to see a film. 2．含蓄條件句 （重、難點(diǎn)） 1) with, without, but for 等介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件句相當(dāng)于 if it is not for “要不是” But for the rain, the crops would have died. (= If __________________________) Without the teacher’s help, he couldn’t have made such great progress in English. (= If ____________________________) 真實(shí)情況和虛擬語(yǔ)氣混合（重、難點(diǎn)） I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.（副詞） I would have taken part in the sports meeting，but I was ill that day.（連詞） He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（連詞） I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. （連詞） =if__________________________ Given more time, we could have done it better. (分詞短語(yǔ)) = If___________________________ 1. Without your help, we ____ such rapid progress. A. couldn’t make B. wouldn’t make C. will not have made D. wouldn’t have made 2.I could have called you for help, but I ____ your number. A. couldn’t have remembered B. didn’t remember C. should have remembered D. hadn’t remembered 3．錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間(mixed time)條件句或混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣 If you had gone to bed earlier last night, you wouldn’t be sleepy now. ① 如果你剛才向右轉(zhuǎn)，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有麻煩了。 If you ____ ______ ______(turn right) just now, you ____________(be) in trouble now. ② It’s hard to image what I would be doing today if I _____ in love , at the age of seven , with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had no fallen C. should fall D. were to fall Step5:Exercise: 1.Without your help, we ____ such rapid progress. A. couldn’t make B. wouldn’t make C. will not have made D. wouldn’t have made 2. But for the(there were no) help from the UN,those women ______able to set up their shop. A.would not have been B.would not be C.Could not be D.will not be 3.I am busy now,otherwise /or (if I were not so busy)I_____you the work. A.Will do B.would help C.would have done D.could have done 4.If you had listened to the talk about the UN yesterday,you___the answer to the question now. A.would know B.would have known C.will have known D.might have known 5.If I were you now,I __my holiday in France. A.would spend B.will spend C would have spent D.could have spent Step6: Summarize Unreal conditionals with “if”（虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)） ① 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句if 狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。（完成下列表格內(nèi)容） 類型 謂語(yǔ)形式 If從句 主句 1 對(duì)present虛擬 V. (past) (______/_____) 2 對(duì)past虛擬 3 對(duì)future虛擬 1. 2. 3. Step7: Consolidation 高考鏈接： 1）. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got 2）. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 3）. If you ______ with George earlier, you _____ so angry now. A. talked; would not be B. had talked; would not be C. would talk; would not be D. had talked; would not have been 4）. If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _____ so seriously now. A. is not polluted B. would not be polluted C. had not been polluted D. would not have been polluted 5）. Without electricity, human being life ______ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 6）. But for his help, I ______. A. should not have succeeded B. have not succeeded C. did not succeed D. had not succeeded 8）. — Why didn’t you buy it? — I ______ but I didn’t have the money. A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought 提醒：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的使用。 第一種情況：與現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)相反用過(guò)去時(shí)，與過(guò)去時(shí)間相反使用過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1. wish , would rather 后, 但would rather后所跟句子。注意：不跟過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today. I would rather you had come yesterday. 比較： I would rather come tomorrow instead of today. 相似的用法還有： ① as if “好像“, ② if only “要是…就好了”, ③ It’s (high) time that… “是該干…的時(shí)候了 Eg. 1. I wish I ______ to the moon. A. fly B. would fly C. could fly 2. Eliza remember everything exactly as if it _____ yesterday. A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 3. ____ it stopped raining now! A. If only B. Only if C. Even if D. But for 第二種情況：(should) +do, should 可省略 1．名詞性從句中: 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（insist）, 兩個(gè)命令（order, command）, 四條建議（advise, suggest, propose，recommend）, 四項(xiàng)要求（demand, require, request, ask）等詞 （ ）It was ordered that no smoking ____ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed （ ）_____ be sent to work there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom 2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在it作形式主語(yǔ)從句中的用法: 在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that…”這類句型中，that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 “(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事是“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意義. Eg. It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English. 重要的是每個(gè)北京人能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 3. 用 “may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示 “祝愿，但愿”，此時(shí)may須置于句首（多用于正式文體中） 如： May you succeed! 祝你成功! Her friends said to her, “______ you _______ happy forever.” A. Wish, do B. May, be C. Hope, be D. Can, do Homework: 1. Exercises on the paper(課后鞏固練習(xí))