七年級英語Module4 Section 1 Background Readings教案 外研社

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1、七年級英語Module4 Section 1 Background Readings教案 外研社 1. have got 用法一覽表 句型 例句 ．．．have got．．． I think I have got one．（B3，L1） 解 析 （1）現在完成時結構have got在口語中相當于一般現在時have的意義，表示“有”。不過，在美國英語中常用have，而在英國英語中則常用have got。 他有一個兄弟。 He has got a brother．（英式）＝He has a brother．（美式） ⑵這兩種表達結構在問句方式上略有不同，現在完成時結構只有一種

2、疑問方式，即：Have／Has．．．got．．．？而一般現在時結構有兩種疑問方式，即：Do／Does．．．have．．．？或Have ／Has．．．？ 你有一把雨傘嗎？ ①Have you got an umbrella？ ②Do you have an umbrella？ ③Have you an umbrella？ 注 意 這兩種結構疑問句的回答略有不同。 ①—Have you got a dictionary？ —Yes，I have．／No，I haven't． ②—Do you have a dictionary？ —Yes，I do．／No，Idon't．

3、考 點 鏈 接 1．Do you have a motorbike？（同義句）→　　　　you 　　　　a motorbike？ 2．I don't have a mobile phone like that．→I　　　　 a mobile phone like that． 3．Paul has a pocket puter，doesn't he？→Paul has　　　　a pocket puter，　　　　he？ Keys：1．Have，got 2．haven't got 3．got，hasn't 2. What is a family? A family of Ouag

4、adougou, Burkina Faso in 1997A family is a domestic group of people, or a number of domestic groups, typically affiliated by birth or marriage, or by parable legal relationships including domestic partnership, adoption, surname and in some cases ownership (as was the case in the Roman Empire). Alt

5、hough many people (including social scientists) have understood familial relationships in terms of "blood," many anthropologists have argued that the notion of "blood" must be understood metaphorically, and in that in many societies family is understood through other concepts rather than "blood."

6、Article 16(3) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says, "The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State". 3. English kinship terminology Most Western societies employ English kinship terminology. This kinship terminol

7、ogy is mon in societies based on conjugal (or nuclear) families, where nuclear families must be relatively mobile. Members of the nuclear family use descriptive kinship terms: ●Mother: the female parent ●Father: the male parent ●Son: the males born of the mother; sired by the father ●Daugh

8、ter: the females born of the mother; sired by the father ●Brother: a male born of the same mother; sired by the same father ●Sister: a female born of the same mother; sired by the same father It is generally assumed that the mother's husband is also the genitor. In some families, a woman may h

9、ave children with more than one man or a man may have children with more than one woman. Children who share one parent but not another are called "half-brothers" or "half-sisters." Children who do not share parents, but whose parents are married, are called "step-brothers" or "step-sisters." If a pe

10、rson is married to the parent of a child, but is not the parent of the child themselves, then they are the "step-parent" of the child, either the "stepmother" or "stepfather". Children who are adopted into a family are generally called by the same terms as children born into the family. Typically,

11、 societies with conjugal families also favor neolocal residence; thus upon marriage a person separates from the nuclear family of their childhood (family of orientation) and forms a new nuclear family (family of procreation). This practice means that members of one's own nuclear family were once mem

12、bers of another nuclear family, or may one day bee members of another nuclear family. Members of the nuclear families of members of one's own nuclear family may be lineal or collateral. When they are lineal, they are referred to in terms that build on the terms used within the nuclear family: ●G

13、randfather: a parent's father ●Grandmother: a parent's mother ●Grandson: a child's son ●Granddaughter: a child's daughter When they are collateral, they are referred to in more classificatory terms that do not build on the terms used within the nuclear family: ●Uncle: father's brother, fat

14、her's sister's husband, mother's brother, mother's sister's husband ●Aunt: father's sister, father's brother's wife, mother's sister, mother's brother's wife ●Nephew: sister's sons, brother's sons ●Niece: sister's daughters, brother's daughters When separated by additional generations (in ot

15、her words, when one's collateral relatives belong to the same generation as one's grandparents or grandchildren), these terms are modified by the prefix "great". Most collateral relatives were never members of the nuclear family of the members of one's own nuclear family. ●Cousin: the most class

16、ificatory term; the children of aunts or uncles. Cousins may be further distinguished by degree of collaterality and generation. Two persons of the same generation who share a grandparent are "first cousins" (one degree of collaterality); if they share a great-grandparent they are "second cousins" (

17、two degrees of collaterality) and so on. If the shared ancestor is the grandparent of one individual and the great-grandparent of the other, the individuals are said to be "first cousins once removed" (removed by one generation); if the shared ancestor is the grandparent of one individual and the gr

18、eat-great-grandparent of the other, the individuals are said to be "first cousins twice removed" (removed by two generations), and so on. Similarly, if the shared ancestor is the great-grandparent of one person and the great-great-grandparent of the other, the individuals are said to be "second cousins once removed." Distant cousins of an older generation (in other words, one's parents' first cousins) are technically first cousins once removed, but are often classified with "aunts" and "uncles".