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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,without the prior written permission of SAE.For permission and licensing requests contact:SAE Permissions400 Commonwealth DriveWarrendale, PA 15096-0001-USAEmail: permissionssae.orgFax: 724-772-4891Tel: 724-772-4028For multiple print copies contact:SAE Customer ServiceTel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-1615Email: CustomerServicesae.orgISBN 0-7680-1319-4Copyright 2004 SAE InternationalPositions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE.The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. A process is available by which discussionswill be printed with the paper if it is published in SAE Transactions.Persons wishing to submit papers to be considered for presentation or publication by SAE should send themanuscript or a 300 word abstract of a proposed manuscript to: Secretary, Engineering Meetings Board, SAE.Printed in USA2004-01-1086 Yutaka Takada, Shigeru Ueki and Akira Saito Organization for the promotion of low emission vehicles (LEVO) Copyright 2004 SAE InternationalABSTRACT Hybrid trucks have now started to penetrate the Japanese market. To investigate their advantages for fuel economy and exhaust emissions, a real time on-board measurement system for fuel economy and NOx emissions was mounted in a medium duty hybrid truck with a capacitor system. Running tests were carried out with various payloads on roads. The results demonstrated the advantages of the hybrid truck in real traffic conditions. Fuel economy was improved on urban and suburban roads, as compared to a base diesel vehicle. The hybrid truck showed less NOx emissions during acceleration at starting, whereas, acceleration of diesel vehicles may cause intensive localized NOx pollution of roadsides, in places like intersections. In order to fully demonstrate the advantages of the tested hybrid truck, it was important not to use running conditions with infrequent stops, such as those on a highway, or running conditions in which less brake energy recovery can take place, such as those in a traffic jam, where it is hard to recover brake energy even though frequent stops occur. In addition, further reduction of NOx might be obtained by optimizing engine operation in the diesel engine running mode of the hybrid truck. INTRODUCTION Low emission vehicles have been introduced as a result of growing consciousness regarding air pollution caused by automobile exhaust emissions in big cities. In this context, heavy duty city buses using hybrid technology, which aim at low fuel economy and low emissions, have started to be practically used 123. In recent years, hybrid trucks have also been developed and adopted for business vehicles 45, although it is desirable to reduce their cost for further popularization. As hybrid vehicles improve fuel economy and exhaust emissions through recovery of brake energy, their effectiveness depends on running conditions. In the case of trucks, as compared to city buses which run a scheduled service route, there are many types of real traffic condition included within the running areas of customers. Accordingly, it is very important to clarify what the hybrid vehicles effective running conditions are, and the degree of improvement offered by hybrid trucks. Information on these characteristics of hybrid trucks will be useful for potential customers. The authors carried out running tests in real traffic and in various conditions using a medium duty hybrid truck with a capacitor system and equipped with an on-board measurement system for fuel economy and NOx emissions. This paper describes the effects of the hybrid truck on fuel economy and NOx emissions characteristics in real traffic, while also considering the vehicle weight increase of the hybrid truck. TEST CONDITIONS TEST VEHICLE OUTLINE Specifications of test vehicle A model of the hybrid truck described in this paper was put on the market in June 2002. Figure 1 shows an outline picture of the vehicle used in the study. The main specifications are listed in Table 1. The test vehicle is a medium duty hybrid truck with a payload of 3.15 tons, a 152kW diesel engine and a capacitor system 6. The weight of the hybrid truck is heavier by 800 kg than the diesel truck on which it is based because of installation of the hybrid system. Study on Fuel Economy and Nox Emissions of Medium Duty Hybrid Truck in Real Traffic Conditions Fig.1 Outline picture of test vehicle