高考英語主謂一致(菲斯特外語學(xué)校專用教材之節(jié)選).doc

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貴陽菲斯特外語學(xué)校專用教材節(jié)選之一 地址：貴陽云巖區(qū)下合群路達亨大廈13樓 電話：6572167 6576031 第五章 主謂一致 主謂一致即謂語動詞必須在人稱和數(shù)上與主語一致。在判斷一個句子主語是否一致時，要遵循下列三個原則：語法是否一致、意義是否一致以及臨近的詞語在語法關(guān)系、搭配關(guān)系、語意組合等方面是否一致。 一、名詞作主語與謂語的一致考查 考點1. 集合名詞public, family, team等作主語時，如果表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如表示成員則用復(fù)數(shù)。 例：My family lives in Shanghai.我家住在上海。 My family are all fond of the program.我的家人都喜歡這個節(jié)目。 常見的這部分名詞有：army, audience, class, club, committee, company, crowd, couple, family, group, government, jury, party, personnel, staff, team, union, public等。 注：有的集合名詞如folk, people, police, cattle等作主語時，表達復(fù)數(shù)概念。 例: The people in the city are friendly.那個城市的人非常友好。 The police have caught the criminal.警察已經(jīng)逮捕了那個罪犯。 考點2. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語，要根據(jù)意義來決定謂語的形式。常見的這部分名詞有：aircraft, deer, fish, means, sheep, species, series, works, crossroads, headquarters等。 例：The species of fish are numerous.魚的種類繁多。 This species of rose is very rare.這種玫瑰花很稀罕。 考點3. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作專有名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 例：The United States was founded in 1776.美國成立于1776年。 考點4. 其他情況 ①“the+形容詞”作主語，如表示一類可數(shù)的人或事物時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如表示一類不可數(shù)的事物時，則用單數(shù)。例：The old are well looked after by the government.政府對老年人照顧得很好。 The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。 ②表示成雙成對東西的名詞，若被a pair of 修飾，要求接單數(shù)謂語形式；否則，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語形式。例：These trousers are made in Shanghai.這些褲子是上海生產(chǎn)的。 This pair of trousers is made in Shanghai.這條褲子是上海生產(chǎn)的。 二、由連接詞連接的主語與謂語的一致考查 考點1. 由“and”并列的兩個主語，如果在意義上指同一人，同一物，同一事或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果指不同的人或物，則用復(fù)數(shù)謂語。 例：The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.(并列主語指同一人) The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting.(并列主語指不同人) 考點2. both...and...連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，是表達復(fù)數(shù)概念。 例：Both she and I were right.她和我都對。 考點3. Each...and each..., every...and every..., no...and no...等短語作主語時，表達的是單數(shù)概念。 例：Every hour and every minutes is important. Each man and each woman has the right to choose. （1）English and Chinese _______ quite different languages. A. is B. are C. was D. were （2）The linebacker and captain of the team ______most valuable player. A. have been selected B. has been selected C. have selected D. has selected （3）Every man and very woman _______required to vote for the candidate last month. A. is B. were C. are D. was （4）In that county, the rich _______richer, the poor ______poorer. A. becomes … becomes B. are … is C. become … become D. is … is （5）Writing stories and articles ______what I enjoyed most then. A. is B. are C. was D. were （6）To listen to fine music and to have stimulating conversation with good friends ______ two pleasures in my life. A. is B. are C. was D. has been 答案 1-6BBDCC 考點4. 由or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語要符合毗鄰一致的原則，即要與鄰近的主語相一致。 例考點5. 單數(shù)名詞+with, along with, together with, combined with, as well as, rather than等所跟的名詞作主語時，要遵循語法一致的原則，表達單數(shù)概念，單數(shù)名詞是中心詞。 例：Tom as well as two of his classmates was invited to the party. One or two friends are coming this evening. Neither I nor he is to blame. （1）Not only they but also I ______interested in such kind of things. A. is B. are C. am D. was （2）Neither Bill nor his parents _____at home. A. is B. are C. has D. was （3）Doctor Smith, together with his wife and two sons, _______to arrive on the evening flight. A. will be B. is C. are going D. are 答案1-3CBB 三、“代詞”以及“限定詞+名詞”作主語與謂語的一致性考查 考點1. All, half, most, none, some以及the reminder (of), the rest (of), plenty (of)等代詞作主語時，要遵循意義一致的原則，即：其謂語單、復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)它們所代替的詞的含義來確定。 例：Most of his spare time was spent in reading. Most of the houses in this town are new. （1）When enough of the tree _______ chopped away, the tree falls. A. is B. have C. was D. were （2）Although his many examples were all right, the remainder _______not exact. A. is B. are C. was D. Were 答案1-2AD 考點2. both, (a) few, many, several等限定詞修飾的主語，是復(fù)數(shù)謂語意味。 例：Both (of) these films are boring. Few (of the) guests were familiar to us. 考點3. 由合成代詞some(any, no, every) thing (body, one) 作主語，由代詞each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other 作主語，以及由限定詞either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one等+名詞作主語時，均跟單數(shù)謂語動詞。 例：Nothing but trees was to be seen. No one except my parents knows anything about it. 考點4. 在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句一般被看作修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此該從句中的主語是復(fù)數(shù)意味。 如：This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. 但是在“the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，由于有only限定，中心詞就指向one單數(shù)名詞，從句中的主語變成了單數(shù)意味。如：He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize. 考點5. 在“代詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語的人稱，性，數(shù)要與被修飾的代詞保持一致。 （1）He is one of the students who ______the examination. A. has passed B. were passed C. have passed D. have been passed （2）Tom is the only one of the staff members who _______to be promoted. A. is going B. are going C. has been going D. have been going （3） I, who your friend, will try best to help you. A.be B .am C.being D.is 答案1-3CAB 考點6. 由what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，一般要用單數(shù)謂語形式。如果從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時，則要求用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語。 如：What you said is quite to the point. （1）What he did ______nothing to do with me. A. is B. has C. are D. have （2）That they were wrong in these matters _____now clear to us. A. was B. is C. are D. were 答案1-2BB 四、數(shù)詞、量詞等作主語與謂語的一致考查 考點1. 用作運算的數(shù)詞作主語時，其謂語常用單數(shù)形式。 例：Ten plus ten makes twenty. 考點2. 數(shù)詞和表示時間，度，量，衡，溫度和金錢等名詞作主語表示一定的量或總和時，謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。例：Ten thousand dollars is quite a large sum. 考點3.分數(shù)和百分數(shù)修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語形式是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決它們表示的意義。例：Only 20 percent of the work was done yesterday. About 20 percent of the students are absent today. （1）Another five weeks _____necessary for us to finish the work A. are B. were C. is D. will have been （2）Twenty eight times eighty three _____two thousand, two hundred and twenty-four. A. will make B. makes C. had made D. have made （3）Three-fourths of the buildings ________. A. was destroyed B. was ruined C. were destroyed D. has been destroyed 答案1-3CBC 考點4. 由kind(form, type, sort, species, portion, series, quantity) of等修飾的主語，其謂語形式取決于這些詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，而不是后面所跟的名詞。 例：A new type of bus is now on show. Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes. 考點5. “a number of許多”，“a variety of各種各樣的”和“a group of一群、一組”修飾名詞作主語，謂語要求用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但“the number of數(shù)目”和“the variety of種類”修飾名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 例：A number of students are from the south. The number of students from the north is small. （1）A number of cars _____in front of the building. A. is parked B. are parked C. has parked D. was parked （2）The number of private colleges _____. A. are increasing B. have been increased C. have increased D. has increased 答案1-2BD 五、“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致考查 考點1. 存在句的主語和謂語動詞的主謂一致關(guān)系，在多數(shù)情況下，取決于動詞之后“真實主語”的語法形式。謂語動詞通常和最鄰近的那個主語一致。 例：There is a book，two pencils and a pen on the desk. There are four chairs and a table in the room. 考點2. 當(dāng)動詞之后的名詞詞組是并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，只要靠近動詞的并列成分不是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞在習(xí)慣上一般采取單數(shù)形式，在這里主要是就近原則在起作用。例: There is a knife and fork.桌上有一副刀叉。 There are a knife and a fork.桌上有一把刀和一柄叉。 （1）There _______never been hard feelings between the families living on this block. A. had B. have C. is D. were （2）There _______one or two things I’d like to do tonight. A. is B. has been C. have been D. are 答案1-2BA 主謂一致綜合練習(xí)（1）略 主謂一致綜合練習(xí)（2）略 貴陽菲斯特外語學(xué)校春季報班熱線：0851--6576031 6572167