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編 號 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 論 文 相 關(guān) 資 料 題目 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級進(jìn)模設(shè)計 信 機(jī) 系 機(jī) 械 工 程 及 自 動 化 專 業(yè) 學(xué) 號 0923228 學(xué)生姓名 劉強(qiáng)力 指導(dǎo)教師 鐘建剛 職稱 副教授 職稱 2013 年 5 月 25 日 目 錄 一 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 論文 開題報告 二 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 論文 外文資料翻譯及原文 三 學(xué)生 畢業(yè)論文 論文 計劃 進(jìn)度 檢查及落實表 四 實習(xí)鑒定表 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 論 文 開 題 報 告 題目 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級進(jìn)模設(shè)計 信 機(jī) 系 機(jī) 械 工 程 及 自 動 化 專 業(yè) 學(xué) 號 0923228 學(xué)生姓名 劉強(qiáng)力 指導(dǎo)教師 鐘建剛 職稱 副教授 職稱 2012 年 11 月 20 日 課題來源 無錫海諾公司電器的零件 科學(xué)依據(jù) 包括課題的科學(xué)意義 國內(nèi)外研究概況 水平和發(fā)展趨勢 應(yīng) 用前景等 1 課題科學(xué)意義 沖壓件在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中 尤其是大批量生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用十分廣泛 相當(dāng)多的工業(yè)部 門越來越多地采用沖壓法加工產(chǎn)品零部件 如汽車 農(nóng)機(jī) 儀器 儀表 電子 航空 家電及輕工業(yè)登行業(yè) 在這些工業(yè)部門中 沖壓件所占的比重相當(dāng)大 2 研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景 沖壓作為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中一種十分重要的加工方法 用以生產(chǎn)各種板料零件 具有很 多獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢 其成形件具有自重輕 剛度大 強(qiáng)度高 互換性好 成本低 生產(chǎn)過 程便于實現(xiàn)機(jī)械自動化及生產(chǎn)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn) 是一種其它加工方法所不能相比和不可 替代的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù) 在制造業(yè)中具有很強(qiáng)的競爭力 被廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車 能源 機(jī) 械 信息 航空航天 國防工業(yè)和日常生活的生產(chǎn)之中 近幾十年來 沖壓技術(shù)有了飛速的發(fā)展 它不僅表現(xiàn)在許多新工藝與新技術(shù)在生 產(chǎn)的廣泛應(yīng)用上 如 旋壓成形 軟模具成形 高能率成形等 更重要的是人們對沖 壓技術(shù)的認(rèn)識與掌握的程度有了質(zhì)的飛躍 模具 CAD CAE CAM 是改造傳統(tǒng)模具生產(chǎn)方式的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 是一項高科技 高效 益的系統(tǒng)工程 它以計算機(jī)軟件的形式 為企業(yè)提供一種有效的輔助工具 使工程技 術(shù)人員借助于計算機(jī)對產(chǎn)品性能 模具結(jié)構(gòu) 成形工藝 數(shù)控加工及生產(chǎn)管理進(jìn)行設(shè) 計和優(yōu)化 模具 CAD CAE CAM 技術(shù)能顯著縮短模具設(shè)計與制造周期 降低生產(chǎn)成本 和提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量已成為模具界的共識 我國從上世紀(jì) 90 年代開始 華中科技大學(xué) 上海交通大學(xué) 西安交通大學(xué)和北 京機(jī)電研究院等相繼開展了級進(jìn)模 CAD CAM 系統(tǒng)的研究和開發(fā) 如華中科技大學(xué)模 具技術(shù)國家重點(diǎn)實驗室在 AutoCAD 軟件平臺上開發(fā)出基于特征的級進(jìn)模 CAD CAM 系統(tǒng) HMJC 包括板金零件特征造型 基于特征的沖壓工藝設(shè)計 模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)件及典型結(jié)構(gòu)建庫工具和線切割自動編程 5 個模塊 上海交通大學(xué)為瑞士法因托 Finetool 精沖公司開發(fā)成功精密沖裁級進(jìn)模 CAC CAM 系統(tǒng) 西安交通大學(xué)開發(fā)出多工位彎曲級進(jìn)模 CAD 系統(tǒng)等 展望國內(nèi)外模 具 CAD CAE CAM 技術(shù)的發(fā)展 本世紀(jì)的科學(xué)技術(shù)正處于日新月異的變革之中 目前 我國模具年生產(chǎn)總量雖然已位居世界第三 其中 沖壓模占模具總量的 40 以上 但 在 整個模具設(shè)計制造水平和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度上 與德國 美國 日本等發(fā)達(dá)國家相比還存在 相當(dāng)大的差距 在設(shè)計制造方法 手段上已基本達(dá)到了國際水平 模具結(jié)構(gòu)功能方面 也接近國際水平 在轎車模具國產(chǎn)化進(jìn)程中前進(jìn)了一大步 但在制造質(zhì)量 精度 制 造周期和成本方面 以國外相比還存在一定的差距 隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的迅速發(fā)展 許多新技術(shù) 新工藝 新設(shè)備 新材料不斷涌現(xiàn) 因而促進(jìn)了沖壓技術(shù)的不斷革新和發(fā)展 模具制造技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化是模具工業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ) 計算機(jī)技術(shù) 信息技術(shù) 自動化技 術(shù)等先進(jìn)技術(shù)正在不斷向傳統(tǒng)制造技術(shù)滲透 交叉 融合形成了現(xiàn)代模具制造技術(shù) 研究內(nèi)容 1 制件工藝分析和工藝方案制定 a 沖裁件的工藝分析 本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計的零件對沖裁工藝有良好的適應(yīng)性 故采用 沖裁工藝 b 工藝方案制定 根據(jù)畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務(wù)書的要求 本次沖裁工藝方案采用落料沖孔 復(fù)合模 2 必要的工藝計算 對沖裁件的尺寸大小 精度要求進(jìn)行相關(guān)計算 3 模具結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計 模具的結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計包括工作部分 模架 沖模的輔助裝置與輔助機(jī)構(gòu) 橫向 沖壓機(jī)構(gòu) 4 模具主要零件設(shè)計及有關(guān)尺寸計算 模具主要零件設(shè)計計算包括工作零件 定位零件 壓料 卸料及出件零件 導(dǎo) 向零件 固定零件 緊固及其他零件 擬采取的研究方法 技術(shù)路線 實驗方案及可行性分析 1 收集相關(guān)資料 復(fù)習(xí)模具設(shè)計的相關(guān)知識 2 根據(jù)要求畫出設(shè)計草圖 3 沖壓工藝方案的制定 4 模具總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 5 模具零件的設(shè)計與計算 6 沖壓設(shè)備的選用 7 繪制裝配圖和零件圖 8 圖紙審核 9 編寫使用說明書和設(shè)計計算書 研究計劃及預(yù)期成果 研究計劃 2012 年 11 月 12 日 2012 年 12 月 2 日 按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料 填寫 畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告書 2012 年 12 月 3 日 2013 年 3 月 1 日 工作計劃 進(jìn)度 2013 年 3 月 4 日 2013 年 3 月 15 日 查閱參考資料 學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計相關(guān) 的英文材料 2013 年 3 月 18 日 2013 年 4 月 12 日 沖壓工藝設(shè)計 模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 刃口尺寸和主 要零件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和尺寸計算 2013 年 4 月 15 日 2013 年 5 月 3 日 繪制模具裝配圖和零件圖 2013 年 5 月 6 日 2013 年 5 月 25 日 工藝文件 畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作 預(yù)期成果 1 完成模具裝配圖 1 張 A0 或 A1 2 零件圖 主要非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件零件圖 不少于 5 張 3 冷沖壓工藝卡片 1 張 4 設(shè)計說明書 1 份 5 翻譯 8000 以上外文印刷字符或譯出約 5000 左右漢字的有關(guān)技術(shù)資料或?qū)I(yè) 文獻(xiàn) 內(nèi)容要盡量結(jié)合課題 特色或創(chuàng)新之處 沖壓是利用安裝在沖壓設(shè)備上 主要是壓力機(jī) 上的模具對材料施加壓力 使其 產(chǎn)生分離或塑性變形 從而獲得所需零件 俗稱沖壓或沖壓件 的一種壓力加工方法 通常是在常溫下對材料進(jìn)行冷變形加工 且主要是采用板料來加工成所需零件 所以 也加冷沖壓或板料沖壓 沖壓是材料壓力加工或塑性加工的主要方法之一 隸屬于材 料成型工程術(shù) 已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題 已具備的條件 該零件材料黃銅H62 黃銅H62屬高新黃銅 具有較高的強(qiáng)度和優(yōu)良的冷 熱加工 性 易于進(jìn)行各種形式的壓力加工 主要用于各種深拉伸和折彎的受力零件 有較好 的強(qiáng)度和硬度 價格也比較適中 零件形狀尺寸易通過落料 拉深 沖孔 整形 切片等沖壓工序獲得 尚需解決的問題 拉深件底部及部分圓角半徑偏小 故應(yīng)在拉深后另加整形工序 并用制造精度較高 間隙較小的模具來進(jìn)行加工 指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名 年 月 日 教研室 學(xué)科組 研究所 意見 教研室主任簽名 年 月 日 系意見 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名 年 月 日 英文原文 Modern fast economy manufacture mold technology 1 introduction Along with the global economy development the new technological revolution made the new progress and the breakthrough unceasingly the technical leap development already becomes the important attribute which the impetus world economics grew The market economy unceasing development urges the industry product more and more to the multi varieties high grade the low cost direction to develop in order to maintain and strengthens the product in market competitive power product development cycle production cycle more and more short thereupon to makes each kind of product the essential craft equipment mold request to be more and more harsh On the one hand the enterprise for the pursue scale benefit causes the mold to turn towards high speed is precise the long life direction develops On the other hand enterprise in order to satisfy the multi varieties the product renewal quickly wins the market the need requests the mold to turn towards the manufacture cycle to be short the cost low fast economy direction develops The computer the laser electronic the new material the new technical development causes the fast economical pattern making technology even more powerful the application scope expands unceasingly the type increases unceasingly the creation economic efficiency and the social efficiency are more and more remarkable 2 fast economical pattern makings technologies type The fast economical pattern making technology and the traditional machine finishing compares has the pattern making cycle short the cost is low the precision and the life can satisfy in the production the operation requirements is synthesizes an economic efficiency quite remarkable kind to make the mold the technology summarizes below has several types to leave 2 1 fast prototypes manufactures technology The fast prototype manufacture technology is called RPM is one kind of new manufacture technology which the 80 s later period develops US Japan England Israel Germany China have all promoted own commercialization product and has formed the new industry gradually RPM is the computer the laser the optical scanning the advanced new material the computer aided design CAD the computer assistance processing CAM the numerical control CNC synthesizes the application the high technology and new technology In takes shape in the concept take the plane separate piles up as the instruction in the control take the computer and the numerical control as the foundation take biggest flexibility as general goals It has abandoned the traditional machine finishing method to the manufacturing industry transformation is a significant breakthrough uses the RPM technology to be possible directly or indirectly the fast pattern making this technology already by profession widespread application and so on automobile aviation electrical appliances ships medical service mold Under summarized already commercialization several kind of models fast to take shape at present the craft 2 1 1 lasers three dimensional photoetching technology SLA The SLA technology hands over the computer CAD modelling system to obtain the product the three dimensional model through the microcomputer control laser according to the determination path is carrying on to the liquid state photosensitive resin by the level scanning causes layer upon layer to solidify by the scanned sector is united as one body forms the final three dimensional entity after again passes through the related finally hardening to polish and so on place the quantity forms the workpiece or the mold The laser three dimensional photoetching technology main characteristic is may take shape wilfully the complex shape takes shape the precision high simulation strong material use factor high performance reliable the performance price quite is high Suits the product outlook to appraise the function experiment fast makes the electrode and each kind of fast economical mold But this technology uses equipment and photosensitive resin price expensive causes its cost to be high 2 1 2 pack of levels outlines manufacture technology LOM The LOM technology is through the computer three dimensional model the use laser selectively to its lamination slice will obtain each section outline layer upon layer will cake finally will fold the addition three dimensional entity product Its craft characteristic is takes shape the speed quickly takes shape the material small advantage the cost lowly because does not have changes therefore does not have the thermal load the contraction the inflation the warp and so on therefore the shape is stable with an inch precision after but takes shape the waste material block to strip takes time specially the duplicate miscellaneous items interior waste material strips This craft is suitable for the aviation the automobile and so on and center the volume big workpiece manufacture 2 1 3 lasers powder electoral district agglutinates takes shape the technology SLS The SLS technology is the computer three dimensional model through the lamination software its lamination under the computer control causes the laser beam basis lamination the slice section information to the powder by the level scanning scans to the powder agglutinates the solidification polymerization agglutinates caking chemical reaction and so on layer upon layer superimposes piles up the three dimensional entity workpiece This technical most major characteristic is can at the same time use several kind of different materials the polycarbonate the polyethylene chloride the paraffin wax the nylon ABS The casting granulated substance makes components 2 1 4 fuses the deposition to take shape the technology FDM The FDM technology is may squeeze out by the computer control fuses the condition material the spray nozzle determines the geometry information according to the CAD product model lamination software squeezes out half flow regime the heat to model the material deposition to solidify the precise actual workpiece thin layer from bottow to top layer upon layer piles up a three dimensional entity may make the mold or the product directly 2 1 5 three dimensional printing take shape the technology 3D P The 3D P technology controls with the microcomputer to spurt the ink printing head continuously the basis lamination software selectively deposits the liquid cementing material by the level on the powder level finally piles up a three dimensional entity by the smooth printing two dimensionalleve Justs like does not use the laser the fast pattern making technology This technical main application takes shape in advance in the cermet compound materials porous ceramics on its goal is produces the mold or the manufacture directly by the CAD product model 2 2 surfaces take shape the pattern making technology The surface takes shape the pattern making technology mainly is the use spurts spreads the electrolytic casting chemistry corrosion and so on the new technique formation cavity surface and the fine pattern one kind of craft technology in the practical application including following several kind of types 2 2 1 electric arcs spurt spread take shape the pattern making technology The electric arc spurts spreads takes shape the technical principle is Has the electric arc quantity of heat using between 2 circular telegrams tinsel to melt the tinsel depends upon the compressed gas its full atomization and gives the certain kinetic energy high speed sprays in the type mold surface layer upon layer mounts forms a metal shell namely the cavity internal surface uses to fill the substrate material again generally for metal silt and resin compound materials performs to support the reinforcement enhances its intensity and the rigidity combines the mold together with the metal pattern frame This kind of pattern making technology craft simple cost low manufacture cycle extremely short the cavity surface takes shape only needs for several hours saves the energy and the metal material general cavity surface 2 3mm is only thick simulation greatly strengthened the pattern precision may achieve 0 5 mu m At present this technology widely uses in superficial shape and so on airplane automobile mold electrical appliances furniture shoemaking fine arts handicraft is complex and the pattern fine each kind of polyurethane product blow molding attracts models the PVC injection PU becomes spongy and each kind of injection takes shape in the mold 2 2 2 electrolytic castings take shape the technology The electrolytic casting takes shape the technical principle to be same with the galvanization is according to model the mold ready made product or female mold which makes according to product blueprint is the datum negative pole places in the electrolytic casting fluid anode causes in the electrolytic casting fluid the metallic ion to return to original state a latter place deposition on the type mold forms the metal shell after strips it contacts the surface with the type mold namely for the mold the cavity internal surface This technical main characteristic is saves material the mold manufacture cycle short electrolytic casting level degree of hardness may reach 40HRC enhanced the resistance to wear and the life roughness the size precision is completely consistent with the type mold is suitable for the injection attracts models the blow molding keeps out models mold cavity and the electric spark and so on bakelite mold glass mold compression casting mold takes shape the electrode manufacture 2 2 3 cavities surfaces fine pattern takes shape etching technology The etching technology is optics chemistry the machining synthesis application one kind of technology its basic principle is makes first the pattern design the film then in has spread the film on pattern design duplication the photosensitive material on the mold cavity surface process chemistry processing the mold cavity surface does not form by the etching partial protectors then acts according to the mold material quality the choice corresponding etching craft pattern design etching in mold internal surface This technical main characteristic is the time short the expense is low patching damages the pattern design to be possible to achieve flawlessly 2 3 sprinkle to cast into the type system mold technique Sprinkling to cast into technical and common characteristics of the type system mold is according to the kind piece for basis sprinkle a convex and cave mold a surface do not need the machine to process Make physically to mainly have following several categories type in the mold 2 3 1 tin metal alloy system mold technique The tin metal alloy makes the mold technique quickly is a basis through the kind piece with total metal alloy of the orders 138 s the bulge rate is thousand times it three of the Bi Sn tin of two dollars for material have the precise foundry of method at the same time a convex mold cave mold press a kind of technique of the side turn Should the technical characteristics is to make the mold cost low the metal alloy is re usable the manufacturing period is short the size accuracy is high the shape size and the kind pieces agree with completely a mold for casting life span can amount to 500 3000 very in keeping with new product development craft verification the sample manufacture on a trial basis and win small batch quantity peace 2 3 2 zinc metal alloy system mold technique This is a kind of to take the kind piece or the kind mold as the basis with the order for 380 or so zinc metal alloys for material sprinkle to note the convex and cave mold respectively a surface does not carry on one kind system mold technique that the machine process in principle The technique s characteristics is to make the mold cost low the period is short being applicable to create the lamella large pull to stretch the mold and hurtle to cut the mold and plastics molds 2 3 3 resin compounds model the molding tool technique This is a kind of to take the kind mold or the craft model as the basis taking resin or its compound materials as the fluid material sprinkling the convex cave mold of outpouring first again the convex cave mold of basis sticks up the wax slice the cleft layer sprinkling to note the convex cave mold A surface that that technique model does not need the machine to process The that technique and CAD CAMs combine together the characteristics is the molding tool size accuracy high the manufacturing period is short the cost is low is the new product manufacture on a trial basis the small batch quantity produces the craft material of new path Be applicable to the creation large overlay the piece to pull to stretch the mold also can the part inset the steel vacuum to absorb the and gather the ammonia ester hair bubble to model the mold porcelain and ceramics mold and imitate the type to depend the mold and cast mold etc 2 3 4 rubbers of system mold technique That technique take making a prototype or models as the basis making into soft rubber of system piece then depend the high pressure dint and models to fit together completely 2 4 extrusions takes shape the technology 2 4 1 cold extrusions takes shape Using the berylliuim copper alloy good thermal conductivity and the stability after the solid melt aging treatment of metal use the swaging pressure to make the mold concave model cavity Its characteristic is makes the cycle short the cavity precision is high the IT7 level surface roughness Ra 0 025 mu m The intensity is high the life may reach 500 000 times does not have the environmental pollution 2 4 2 ultra models takes shape the pattern making technology This technology is using the metal material in the thin crystal grain certainly takes shape the temperature under the low distortion speed condition when the material has the best superplasticity toes attend to carry out raised mold which the initiative finishes then may extrude the concave mold with the small strength one kind of fast economical pattern making technology Ultra models takes shape material typical representative is Zn 22 AL 2 5 does not have the mold multi spots forming technology Does not have the mold multi spots fast forming technology is by CAD CAM CAT The technology is the main method about may adjust the base main body group highly using the computer control to form forms the surface replaces the traditional mold to carry on the three dimensional curved surface forming to the sheet an modern advanced manufacture technology This technology may change the distortion way and the stressful condition at will enhances the material the formed limit may form repeatedly by this elimination material interior remaining stress the realization does not have the snapping back forming 2 6 triumphant Uygur bright steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology The new steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology is one kind is different with has raised the concave mold structure steel belt mold generally it is with specially makes the new fast economical pattern making technology by the single edge steel belt which the backing strip is composed This kind of mold weight is light only then 200kg the processing precision for 0 35 0 50mm may suit each kind of black and the non ferrous metal 0 5 0 65mm thick sheet processing generally The life may achieve 5 25 ten thousand the production cost is low 2 7 molds semifinished materials fast manufacture technology solid casting Because the massive molds are belong to the single unit or the production the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost influence are very important The modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology the so called solid casting is polystyrene PS either polymethacrylate PMMA manufactures using the foam plastics replaces traditional the wooden mold or the metal pattern after the modelling does not have to take out the model then may the casting under the foam plastics model high temperature liquid metal function deflagrate the gasification but to vanish the molten metal substitution original foam plastics model holds the position after the condensation forms the casting The solid casting has the following several kind of situations in the practical application 2 7 1 dry sands solid casting Namely all does not do any cementing agent quartz sand modelling with 55 100 goal spreads with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics manufacture model hangs the 0 2 1mm thick permeability good fireproof coating level by enhances the casting superficially attractive fineness prevented the fat sand or collapses the box 2 7 2 negative compactions casting The negative compaction casting calls V law modelling This technology is the use all does but does not have the cementing agent the quartz sand to make the molding sand makes the model with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics in under the plastic film seal condition entire lets cast vacuum degree 0 4 0 67MPa carries on the liquid metal casting under