2019-2020年牛津譯林版高中英語(yǔ)必修一Unit 1《School Life》（Grammar and usage）教案.doc

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2019-2020年牛津譯林版高中英語(yǔ)必修一Unit 1《School Life》（Grammar and usage）教案 【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】 1. know what an attributive clause is like; 2. have a general idea of the usage of relative pronouns who, whose, which; 3. make up sentences containing attributive clauses by following examples; 4. show more interest in learning grammar by attending petitions in class 【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】Let students know the rules of attributive clauses and can uses these rules to deal with problems 【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】Let students understand the differences between different kinds of attributive clause 【教 具】Multi-media projector 【教學(xué)過(guò)程】 Step 1 Lead- in （guessing game） The teacher tells the class that she went abroad last summer. After that, students are encouraged to guess which country the teacher went to. [設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明] 在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，教師將給出帶有不同定語(yǔ)形式的提示語(yǔ)，如：It is a beautiful country. It is a country with the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean surrounding it. 以及含有定語(yǔ)從句的句子，從而讓學(xué)生有一個(gè)關(guān)于定語(yǔ)的概念：用來(lái)修飾名詞，限定名詞，使其外延逐步縮小。同時(shí)，引出本節(jié)課的主線。 Step 2 Presentation 1) Get the students to watch some pictures about Australia and listen to the introduction at the same time. 1) Ask them some questions about the contents of the introduction. 2) Present sentences with attributive clauses by using the information mentioned above. E.g.: 1. T: Where is Australia? S: It’s in Oceania. T: Australia is a country which is in Oceania. 2. T: What’s the capital city of Australia? S: Canberra T: Its capital city is Canberra. Australia is a country whose capital is Canberra 4）Present a simple structure to show the positions of the antecedent and the clauses after the students are familiar with examples. [設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明] 通過(guò)學(xué)生非常容易理解的句子自然地呈現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)先行詞是物的、由which 和 whose 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 Step 3 Look and bine sentences Get the students to look at the picture of clothes, food, books and a mobile phone. Make up sentences containing attributive clauses based on the sentences given. [設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明] 通過(guò)圖片和句子相結(jié)合的形式讓學(xué)生仿照上面的例子來(lái)造句。 Step 4 Consolidations (PPT 10) Ask the students to work in groups of 4 to make up a dialogue according to the situation below. One is going traveling and preparing his suitcase. They talk about Australia, the country he is going to and ask him what he has taken and why. Tip: students can be given a piece of paper with the names of different items to guide them. [設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明] 此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)事實(shí)上是上一個(gè)步驟練習(xí)的延伸，旨在讓學(xué)生通過(guò)重復(fù)上課以來(lái)老師所提到的用定語(yǔ)從句描述地點(diǎn)的句子以及學(xué)生自己看圖所造的句子，進(jìn)一步理解定語(yǔ)從句。 Setp5 Presentation 1) The teacher introduces the hostess and host of the home where she stayed to present the attributive clauses whose antecedents are persons. E.g.: This is the woman who looked after me when I was in Australia. This is the woman whose name is Emma. 2) Present a simple structure to show the positions of the antecedent and the clauses after showing the students enough examples. [設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明] 通過(guò)學(xué)生非常容易理解的句子自然地呈現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)先行詞是人的、由“which ”和“ whose ”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 Step 6 Look, listen and bine sentences Get the students to look at the pictures of some places while listening to the teachers’ information. They are supposed to bine the information to form sentences containing attributive clauses. E.g.: T: This is the school. And its name is EF training school. S: This is the school whose name is EF training school. [設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明] 進(jìn)一步鞏固學(xué)生對(duì)先行詞是物、人的定語(yǔ)從句的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。 Step 7 Consolidations Divide the students into groups of four to interview the teacher about her experiences. One acts as the teacher while the others act as the school newspaper journalists. In the end, a report is expected to be presented. [設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明] 此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的目的是讓學(xué)生在交際中使用定語(yǔ)從句，幫助學(xué)生從機(jī)械的模仿過(guò)渡到在語(yǔ)境中使用，從而在提高學(xué)生交際技能的過(guò)程中實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的鞏固。 Step8 Summary 1)Get the students to look at the two simple structures again and summarize the table below. Things Which Whose Persons Who Whose 2）Present another rule : “that ” can be used to replace “which ”& “who” Things Which / that Whose Persons Who / that Whose [設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明] 使學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的理解上升的理論, 加深對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的理解。 Step 9 Read & search 1) Get the students to read the passage on Page 9 to find as many attributive clauses as possible. 2) Check the answers [設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明] 這是從口頭表達(dá)到書面應(yīng)用過(guò)渡的第一步，同時(shí)為下節(jié)課做好鋪墊。 定語(yǔ)從句（1） 一、基本概念 （一） 定語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。 （二） 先行詞 被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。一般情況下，定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞。但也有因各種原因定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞被分割的現(xiàn)象。 （三）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。與先行詞關(guān)系密切，因此緊跟先行詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where和why。在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。 二、關(guān)系代詞的用法 （一）基本用法 根據(jù)先行詞的不同，和在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌?，選用不同的關(guān)系代詞。 如下表： 關(guān)系詞 先行詞 從句成分 例句 備注 關(guān)系代詞 who 人 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 賓語(yǔ) Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物 定語(yǔ) I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that 人，物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略 例如：（注意關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑? ① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主語(yǔ)） ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主語(yǔ)） ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作賓語(yǔ)） ④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作賓語(yǔ)） ⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定語(yǔ)） 注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)則不能。（見上例③④） （二）關(guān)系代詞that代替which的一些情況 which, that 在代替物時(shí)，一般可以通用。 但在有些情況下，只用 that。 1 先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或它的前面有最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)。 例如： ① This is the best that has been used against pollution. ② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. ⑵ 先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或它前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)。 例如： ① This is the last place (that) I want to visit. ② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen. ⑶ 先行詞是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代詞時(shí)。 例如： ① You should hand in all that you have. ② We haven’t got much that we can offer you. ⑷ 先行詞前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修飾時(shí)。 例如： ① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ② The little money (that) he had was stolen. （三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情況 ⑴ 先行詞是one, ones, anyone時(shí)。 例如： ① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it. ⑵先行詞是those時(shí)。 例如： ① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. （四）其它情況 ⑴ 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 例如： ① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. ⑵ 主句已有疑問詞who 或which時(shí)。 例如： ① Which is the bike that you lost? ② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? （五）與whose有關(guān)的問題 ⑴ whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。 例如： ① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. ② Please show me the book whose cover is red. ⑵ 當(dāng)whose表示物與物的所有格關(guān)系時(shí)，亦可用of which的形式。 例如： ① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. → The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 → The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. 三、介詞前提的問題 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以前提至關(guān)系代詞前。 例如： Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)） →Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是： ⑴ 介詞前提后，先行詞是人或物，關(guān)系代詞分別只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。 ⑵ 介詞前提后，關(guān)系代詞不再能省略。 ⑶ 有些含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。 例如： ① 錯(cuò)誤：Who is the old man to that you were talking to? 正確：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to? ② 錯(cuò)誤：These are the sheep of which the boy took care. 正確：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of. 四、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的主謂一致 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與先行詞一致。 例如： ① Who is the guy that is reading over there? ② The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000. ③ All that needs to be done has been done. ④ He is one of the students who use puter a lot for study. ⑤ Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam. 例③中的all意為“一切”，作單數(shù)。例⑤中沒通過(guò)考試的學(xué)生事實(shí)上只有一人，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。 that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別： 情況 用法說(shuō)明 例句 只用that的情況 1． 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)。 2． 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(shí) 3． 先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí) 4． 先行詞既指人又指物時(shí) 5． 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí) 6． 句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí) 1. He told me everything that he knows. 2. All the books that you offered have been given out. 3. This is the best film that I have ever read. 4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5. He is the only man that I want to see. 6. Who is the man that is making a speech? 只用which, who, whom的情況 1． 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2． 在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3． 先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用who。 1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 注：本節(jié)課可以配合PPT進(jìn)行同步教學(xué)，幫助學(xué)生更好地理解 【二次備課】 【作業(yè)布置】 【教學(xué)后記】