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專題十　復(fù)合句 真 題 試 做 (A)1.(xx宜賓中考改編)Thats the boy ______ won the first prize in the competition yesterday. A.who B.which C.whom D.where (B)2.(xx宜賓中考改編)Do you know ______？ A.how old is he B.how old he is C.he is how old D.how much is it (D)3.(xx安徽中考)—I wonder ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. —Because she always cares much about others. A.whether B.how C.when D.why (A)4.(xx北京中考)—Alice, could you tell me ______ London? —Sure.Last Sunday. A.when Mr.Smith left B.when Mr.Smith will leave C.when did Mr.Smith leave D.when will Mr.Smith leave (A)5.(xx廣東中考)—Could you tell me ______ youd like me to pay you? —Youd better use mobile payment.I dont care ______ it is Alipay or WeChat Pay. A.how；whether B.how；why C.what；whether D.what；why 考向歸結(jié) 在近年的中考中,對(duì)復(fù)合句的考查主要面向：1.賓語(yǔ)從句(引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài))；2.定語(yǔ)從句(關(guān)系詞的選用)；3.狀語(yǔ)從句(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的等)。 考 點(diǎn) 突 破 　賓語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中,放在動(dòng)詞或者介詞后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。 1.賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 引導(dǎo)詞 例句 當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)；that無(wú)意義時(shí),可省略 We found (that) mom had known the secret.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽知道了那個(gè)秘密。 當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用whether,if 引導(dǎo) The boy asked his mom if he could drink cola.男孩問(wèn)他的媽媽他是否能喝可樂(lè)。 當(dāng)特殊疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用what,who,where,when,how,why,which,whose等特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo) Do you know who he is looking for? 你知道他在找誰(shuí)嗎？ Just watch what he does.只是看看他做什么。 　　2.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序 無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句,賓語(yǔ)從句都要用陳述句語(yǔ)序,其構(gòu)成是：主句＋引導(dǎo)詞＋陳述句語(yǔ)序(主謂語(yǔ)序)。如： We dont know where he lives.我們不知道他住在哪里。 Do you know where he lives？你知道他住在哪里嗎？ 3.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài) 在賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,其一般規(guī)律為： 規(guī)律 例句 主過(guò)從過(guò)：主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) The police asked the boy where his mom was.警察問(wèn)男孩他媽媽在哪兒。 主現(xiàn)從不限：主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用任何時(shí)態(tài) We dont know when he was born.我們不知道他生于何時(shí)。 真理不變：如果從句所說(shuō)的是客觀真理或事實(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) The old told us the earth goes round the sun.老人告訴我們地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 　　4.賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換 由連接代詞或連接副詞what,how,where等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday.＝She hasnt decided where to go on holiday.她還沒(méi)決定去哪里度假。 Could you tell me how I can make fruit salad? ＝Could you tell me how to make fruit salad? 你能告訴我怎么做水果沙拉嗎？ 　定語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句；被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。關(guān)系代詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,起連接作用,同時(shí)又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有： 關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,that,whose,which；關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why。如： The man who lives next to us is a policeman.住在我們隔壁的那個(gè)人是個(gè)警察。 1.關(guān)系詞的選用 先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞 例句 先行詞指人時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞通常用who(作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)),whom(作賓語(yǔ)),that (作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))；that作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略 Jimmy is the man who/that has won the first prize.吉米就是那個(gè)獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的人。(who/that作主語(yǔ),不能省略) The man (that/who/whom) we all like is our headteacher.我們大家都喜歡的人是我們的班主任。 (that/who/whom作賓語(yǔ),可省略) 先行詞指物時(shí),可用that/which(作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ))引導(dǎo)；若前面有介詞時(shí),只能用which The book that/which is thicker is mine.那本厚些的書是我的。(that/which作主語(yǔ),不能省略) This is the park (that/which) we visited last week.這是上周我們游玩的公園。(that/which作賓語(yǔ),可省略) The knife with which I cut the apples is very sharp.我用來(lái)切蘋果的那把刀很鋒利。(介詞＋which) 先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中某個(gè)名詞有所屬關(guān)系,表示“……的”時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞whose作定語(yǔ) The math book whose cover is red is hers.那本紅色封面的數(shù)學(xué)書是她的。 先行詞為表示時(shí)間的詞,且在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常用關(guān)系副詞when I will never forget the days when we studied together in America.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的那些日子。 先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的詞,且在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常用關(guān)系副詞where We spent two weeks in the city where we met for the first time.我們?cè)诔醮蜗嘤龅某鞘欣锎藘芍堋? 先行詞為reason(原因),且在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用關(guān)系副詞why Nobody knows the reason why she left this company.沒(méi)有人知道她離開(kāi)這家公司的原因。 　　注意：關(guān)系副詞when,where只能在從句中作狀語(yǔ),不可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 2.只能用關(guān)系代詞that的情況 類別 例句 先行詞前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí) The most famous style that is created by her is the short hair.她引領(lǐng)的最為人們熟知的時(shí)尚潮流就是短發(fā)。 先行詞為all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞或被其修飾時(shí) Please move out all the desks that are old.請(qǐng)把所有舊桌子搬出去。 Is there anything that I can do for you？我可以為您做些什么嗎？ 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí) The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我們要做的第一件事就是獲得一些食物。 先行詞前有the one,the only,the last,the very,the same 等詞修飾時(shí) The only thing that I want to do now is to have a big meal.我現(xiàn)在唯一想做的事就是大吃一頓。 先行詞同時(shí)包含人和物時(shí) I can see many people and buildings that are reflected on the lake.我能看到湖面上倒映出許多的人和建筑。 主句是who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí) Who is the girl that spoke to you just now？剛剛和你說(shuō)話的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？ 　　3.只用which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,不用that的情況 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)(of,for,with,in,on…)。如： I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.我想找到我用來(lái)寫信的鋼筆。 4.只用who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,不用that的情況 (1)當(dāng)先行詞為everyone,someone,no one,nobody,everybody,somebody等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)。如： Is there anyone who can answer the question？有人可以回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？ (2)當(dāng)先行詞為those時(shí)。如： Those who take a walk in the park are almost old people.在公園里散步的人幾乎都是老人。 　狀語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中,作狀語(yǔ)成分的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句,常見(jiàn)的狀語(yǔ)從句可分為：時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步、比較、結(jié)果、目的等從句(見(jiàn)連詞用法)。 1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有when(當(dāng)……時(shí)),as (當(dāng)……時(shí)),while(當(dāng)……時(shí)),till/until(直到……),since(自從……以來(lái)),before(在……之前),after (在……之后),as soon as(一……就……)等。 引導(dǎo)詞 意義 例句 when (當(dāng)……時(shí)) when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中既可接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可接非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,多用一般過(guò)去時(shí) They were talking happily when I walked past the door.當(dāng)我走過(guò)那扇門時(shí),他們正在愉快地談話。 續(xù)表 引導(dǎo)詞 意義 例句 while (當(dāng)……時(shí)) while強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,且多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.當(dāng)我正在做作業(yè)時(shí),我媽媽正在做飯。 as (當(dāng)……時(shí)) 強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作伴隨主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生,所引導(dǎo)的從句中既可接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可接非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 As they walked along the lake,they sang happily.當(dāng)他們沿湖散步時(shí),他們快樂(lè)地唱歌。 before (在……之前) before引導(dǎo)的從句表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前 We turned off the light before we left.我們?cè)陔x開(kāi)前關(guān)了燈。 after (在……之后) after引導(dǎo)的從句表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后 He went to bed after he finished his work.他做完工作后就去睡覺(jué)了。 as soon as (一……就……) as soon as表示“一……就……”,若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái) I will throw away the broken shoes as soon as I buy a new pair.等我一買到新鞋我就會(huì)把這雙破的鞋扔掉。 　　2.原因狀語(yǔ)從句 原因狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有because(因?yàn)?,since(因?yàn)?；既?,as(因?yàn)?；由?,for(因?yàn)?等。如： He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué),因?yàn)樗×恕? Since you are free,you can help him.既然你沒(méi)什么事,你可以幫幫他。 David just waited there as he didnt know what to do.因?yàn)椴恢涝撟鍪裁?戴維就等在那兒。 The Smiths had to start early,for there was a long way to go.史密斯一家不得不早早動(dòng)身,因?yàn)檫€有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。 注意：because和so不能同時(shí)使用。 3.條件狀語(yǔ)從句 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有if(如果),unless(除非；如果……不)等。 引導(dǎo)詞 規(guī)律 例句 if 如果, 主將從現(xiàn) He will return if he finds the truth.如果他發(fā)現(xiàn)真相,他就會(huì)返回。 unless 除非, 主將從現(xiàn) You will fail the test unless you study hard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你將考試不及格。 　　4.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有where(哪里),wherever(無(wú)論哪里)。如： Id like to go where the air is very fresh.我想去空氣非常清新的地方。 Wherever you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.無(wú)論你去哪兒,我都會(huì)在這兒等你。 5.比較狀語(yǔ)從句 比較狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有as…as…(和……一樣……),than(比)等。如： Peter is not as tall as his brother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。 6.目的狀語(yǔ)從句 目的狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有so that(以便),in order that(為了)等。如： He stood up so that/in order that he could see the blackboard clearly.他站起來(lái),以便能清楚地看到黑板。 7.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有so…that…/such…that…(如此……以至于……)等。 引導(dǎo)詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 例句 so…that… so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句 She is so beautiful that we all like her.她如此漂亮以至于我們都喜歡她。 such…that… such＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that從句 He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.他是如此聰明的男孩,以至于每個(gè)人都喜歡他。 續(xù)表 引導(dǎo)詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 例句 such…that… such＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that從句 Its such fine weather that all of us want to go to the mountain.天氣如此好以至于我們都想去爬山。 such＋形容詞＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that從句 They are such lovely flowers that the girl buys all of them.那些花如此好看以至于那個(gè)女孩把它們都買了。 　　注意：(1)當(dāng)名詞前有much,many,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用so。如： There is so much water left that its enough for a sevenday trip.所剩的水還很多,足夠維持7天的旅程。 (2)當(dāng)little意為“小”時(shí),仍用such。如： Its such a little sheep that we are worried about whether it can survive the winter.這只羊這么小,我們都擔(dān)心它是否能熬過(guò)冬天。 8.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有though/although(雖然),even though/if(即使；盡管)等。如： Although/Though shes not beautiful,shes kind and sincere.雖然不漂亮,但她善良而真誠(chéng)。 注意：although/though不能和but連用。 小 試 牛 刀 (A)1.(xx北部灣中考)As soon as she ______ in Nanning, she will call you. A.arrives B.arrive C.will arrive D.arrived (A)2.(xx玉林中考)—Who got the Firstever Friendship Medal(友誼勛章) of China? —Its Putin______ everybody knows so well in the world. A.whom B.what C.which D.whose (A)3.(xx玉林中考)—Here are the jobs for you, young man. —Thank you.Could I choose ______？ A.what I like to do most B.what I liked to do most C.what do I like to do most D.what did I like to do most (C)4.(xx河南中考)Anyone who is a server or ______ has been one knows that customers always come first. A.whom B.what C.who D.which (A)5.(xx河南中考)—Excuse me.Do you know ______？ —Sorry,I dont know,either. A.how to check out a book B.when will the concert begin C.that there is a bank near here D.how long the meeting would last (A)6.(xx哈爾濱中考改編)—Qingdao is the most beautiful city ______ Ive ever been to. —So it is.Many international meetings are held there every year. A.that B.which C.what D.who (D)7.(xx隨州中考)—What did Tom say to you just now, John? —He asked ______. A.why I am so happy today B.who did I play football with after school C.what will I do for the weekend D.if I could go to the movies with him tonight (C)8.(xx隨州中考)—What are you looking for? —Im looking for the dictionary ______ you lent me last week. A.who B.what C.that D.when (A)9.(xx吉林中考改編)—Excuse me,I wonder ______ the plane can land on time. —Wait a minute, please.Let me check it out. A.if B.which C.that D.who (B)10.(xx遂寧中考)If it ______ sunny, we ______ camping this weekend. A.get； will go B.gets；will go C.gets；go D.will get；go