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摘 要
本次設計主要任務是對解放牌汽車半軸端部三個孔進行的鉆、擴、鉸加工,以及四個工位的臥式組合機床的設計,主要完成是組合機床三圖一卡和多軸箱的設計,另加一套隨行夾具的設計,組合機床電氣液壓系統(tǒng)部分的控制。
組合機床是根據(jù)工件加工需要,由大量通用的部件為基礎,配以少量的專用部件組成的一種高效專用機床。它的加工工序集中,它能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對一種零件進行多刀、多軸、多面、多工位的自動加工。在機床上可以進行鉆孔、擴孔、鉸孔以及倒角、切槽、攻螺紋、滾壓孔等,也可以進行平面加工,包括銑平面、刮平面、端面等工序。其生產(chǎn)率高,加工精度穩(wěn)定,研制周期短,便于設計,制造和使用維護,成本低等特點廣泛應用在生產(chǎn)中。
本次設計除要對組合機床的機械本體部分進行設計,同時還對組合機床的液壓系統(tǒng)和電氣系統(tǒng)進行設計,根據(jù)指導老師的要求,在這里我采用PLC對機床進行控制。其中在說明書中具體寫了卡具設計步驟以及夾緊力的計算,選用標準參數(shù)選取零件,在通過強度計算保證整個卡具在工作中的穩(wěn)定性。
液壓系統(tǒng)的設計主要是滿足機床的動作要求來設計出的系統(tǒng),我認真計算了液壓系統(tǒng)的活塞總壓力,計算了液壓缸結構尺寸以及工作壓力,油泵的工作的實際壓力。對液壓泵電機進行選擇。
電氣系統(tǒng)的設計就是運用機電傳動的知識,即PLC系統(tǒng)進行控制,PLC控制系統(tǒng)我采用西門子系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)的機床動作。
關鍵詞:液壓缸,液壓滑臺,液壓站,彎曲成形,機電液
Abstract
This design primary mission is carries on to the liberation trademark automobile rear axle nose three holes drills, expands, the articulation processing, as well as four locations horizontal type aggregate machine-tools design, mainly completes is an aggregate machine-tool three charts card and the multi- axle-boxes design, adds separately a set to accompany the jig the design, the aggregate machine-tool electricity hydraulic system partial controls.
The aggregate machine-tool is according to the work piece processing need, by the massive general parts is the foundation, matches one kind of highly effective special purpose machine which composes by the few special-purpose parts. Its processing working procedure is centralized, it can realize to one kind of components carries on the multi- knives, multiple spindle, the multi- surface, the multi-locations automatic processing. May carry on the drill hole on the engine bed, drill out, reams as well as the bevel edge, the grooving, the tapping, rollings the hole and so on, also may carry on the plane processing, including working procedure and so on mill plane, plane of surface scraping, end surface. Its productivity high, processing precision stable, the development cycle is short, is advantageous for the design, the manufacture and the use maintenance, the cost low status characteristic widespread application in the production.
This design except must partially carry on the design to the aggregate machine-tool mechanical main body, meanwhile carries on the design to the aggregate machine-tool hydraulic system and the electrical system, according to instructs teacher's request, uses PLC in here me to carryon the control to the engine bed. Has written the clamping apparatus design procedure specifically in the instruction booklet as well as clamps the strength the computation, selects the standard parameters election components, in through strength calculation guarantee entire clamping apparatus in work stability.
The hydraulic system design mainly satisfies the system which the engine bed the movement requests to design, I have earnestly calculated the hydraulic system piston general pressure, has calculated the hydraulic cylinder structure size as well
as the working pressure, the oil pump work actual pressure. Carries on the choice to the hydraulic pump electrical machinery.
The electrical system design is the utilization mechanical and electrical transmission knowledge, namely the PLC system carries on the control, the PLC control system I uses the Simens system realization the engine bed movement.
Key word: Hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic pressure sliding table, hydraulic pressure station, curving forming, machine battery solution
前 言
畢業(yè)設計是學生的最后一個教學環(huán)節(jié)。在實際工程設計中,我們可以用到所學過的理論基礎,技術基礎,專業(yè)課等方面的知識進行全面的訓練,為將來做好機械設計工程師的工作,提供全面的鍛煉機會。
我們這次畢業(yè)設計題目,是結合老師的具體研制項目設立的,結合所學機械各方面知識,在老師指導下,查閱許多手冊,經(jīng)過不斷的改進,最終設計出了加工半軸的組合機床以及隨行卡具設計,從而避免了加工質(zhì)量差,生產(chǎn)效率低,設備昂貴的問題。
我此次畢業(yè)設計的任務是組合機床設計,在張老師的輔導下,對原有的零件進行分析,結合參考書完成了設計任務。經(jīng)過正確的計算,5張半零號圖紙,符合工作量的要求。
通過這次畢業(yè)設計,我在計算,制圖,公差與技術測量,機械原理,機械設計,金屬材料與熱處理,機械制造工藝方面的知識都受到全面的綜合訓練,在機電液的結合方面使我都有所涉及。特別是張老師在工作中對我的耐心輔導,他對學生強烈的責任感和嚴謹?shù)闹螌W態(tài)度,給我留下深刻的影響。
由于類似的大型課題第一次接觸,經(jīng)驗能力方面的欠缺,錯誤之處一定存在,懇請各位老師給予批評指正。