外文資料翻譯Understanding of concrete pump hydraulic systemItalian CIFA Concrete Machinery Company(1.CIFA concrete mechanical pump Institute, Italy)Pumping Hydraulic system Boom hydraulic system Outrigger hydraulic system Hydraulic system diagramDaily check and maintenance of the hydraulic systemThe functions of the truck mounted concrete pump, hydraulic system can be divided into pumping hydraulic system, boom hydraulic system, outrigger hydraulic system.Pumping Hydraulic system Is divided into three parts: main pumping system, distribution and lubricating system, mixing and cooling and cleaning system.Main pumping system There are two hydraulic loops: open and close loop.The Open loop: uses an A11VLO190 variable displacement of axial piston pump. It is fitted with a constant power control device, pressure cut-off valve and electrical stroke limiter with proportional solenoid. The constant power control device has been set in the factory. The displacement can be adjusted from 0 to Maximum by turning the oil pump displacement potentiometer on the control panel from low to high.Fig. 1 A11VLO 190 1A， B Service port (without charging pump) 420 barS Suction port (with charging pump) 35 barT1, T2 Air bleed, tank R Air bleed, oil drain M1 Measuring point, regulating chamber M Measuring point, service port G Port for positioning pressure (controller) for version with stroke limiter (H, U2), HD and EP with screwed fitting GE10 – PLM (otherwise port G closed)The other is the control line, which can change the flow direction and the displacement of main pump through constant power valve, proportional solenoid pressure reducing valve, directional control valve and servo valve of main pump.2The Closed loop: There is an auxiliary pump with relief valve that the setting pressure is 3.5Mpa in A4VG180. The auxiliary pump has two output ways. One is the charge oil line, which connects with suction line of main pump through the check valve in two pressure relief valves and add oil to main pump. At the same time excessive hydraulic oil return to oil tank through flushing valve and cooler to realize heat exchange for closed loop.A, B Service line ports SAE 1 1/4“, high pressure series 420 barT1 Case drain or filling portT2 Case drain M33×2; 18 deepMA, MB Pressure gauge - operating pressure A, BR Air bleedS Boost suction portX1, X2 Control pressure ports (before the orifice)G Pressure port for auxiliary circuitPS Control pressure supplyFa Filter outletFa1 Filter outlet (filter assembly)Fe Filter inlet M33×2; 18 deepFS Port from filter to suction line (cold start)MH Port for balanced high pressureY1, Y2 Remote control ports (only for HD control)3Flushing valve Used for closed loop to prevent excessive heat build-up in closed circuit operation. The setting pressure of flushing valve is 3.0MPaPressure reducing valve with proportional solenoid Used for closed loop. The Output pressure is connected with the remote control port of main pump to control the displacement and is controlled by a proportional current signal and constant power valve. The displacement can be adjusted from 0 to Maximum by turning the displacement adjusting potentiometer. Constant power valve Used for closed loop. When the hydraulic system pressure is over the setting pressure, the valve works to reduce the output pressure of the pressure reducing valve and maintain the constant power.Fig.3 Constant power valveMain pump suction filter Open loop: filtration fineness 100u.Close loop: filtration fineness 20u.When the indicator in the vacuum gauge exceeds the safe area or the electric signal instrument gives a warning, the cartridge may be blocked. It should be clean or replace filter cartridge promptly.Filter filtration fineness is 20u in open loop. When the reading pressure of the vacuum gauge exceeds 0.35Mpa, the cartridge may be blocked. It should be clean or Return filter replace filter cartridge promptly.Filter filtration fineness is 10u in closed loop. When the electricity deliver reports to the police, the cartridge may be blocked, it should be clean or replace filter cartridge promptly.Pilot pressure setting Power setting4Distribution and lubricating system Constant pressure pump Fig.4 Constant pressure pumpAn A10VO28 constant pump is used for the distribution system of supply oil. The setting of the pressure control valve of the pump is 16Mpa. Once the system pressure is reached, the bump will keep this pressure then decrease the displacement. There is a pressure relief valve in the distribution circuit to act as a safety valve, which is set to 18Mpa.Plate ball valve (shut-off valve)Used to discharge the accumulator. It must be rotated the lever of shut-off valve anti-clockwise when the pumping finishes or stopped for maintenance, in order to discharge the pressure of theaccumulator. (Pressure gauge of distribution system is zero)Accumulator Inflation pressure is 8-9Mpa. Use Only Nitrogen to fill the accumulator. Charging pressure should not exceed these figures.Lubricating system There are two types. One is reciprocating centralized lubrication that is driven by oil from the swing cylinders of distribution system includes lubricating single pump (or double pump), distributor, damper and filter. The other is automatic centralized lubrication that is driven by a D.C motor with an independent grease tank and independent from the hydraulic system. The interval time of lubrication is carried out in the factory. The lubrication system works automatically when pumping.Mixing, cooling, cleaning system Setting screw for pressure control zero /Stroke pressure5Only the Mixing, cooling, cleaning system are driven by motor in open loop.Gear pump Gear pump supplies oil to the mixing, cooling, cleaning system.Sandwich type relief valve The pressure is set to 14Mpa.Ressure relay If the mixing blade is stuck, the system pressure will raise. When the pressure exceeds the setting value (usually 10Mpa), the pressure relay will give a warning. The Solenoid directional control valve changes direction to let the mixing motor to rotate anti-clockwise. After 6 second the solenoid valve will reset, and the mixing motor will rotate clockwise again.Return filter The filtration fineness is 10u in closed loop. The cartridge may be blocked when the electric alarm sounds. It should be replace promptly.Boom hydraulic systemBoom pump Boom and outrigger use the same pump.37m and 40m truck mounted concrete pumps: A2FO23 fixed displacement pump 44m and 47m truck mounted concrete pumps: A7VO55LRDS variable displacement pump, or A7VO55DRS variable displacement pump46m and 49m truck mounted concrete pumps: A7VO55LRDS variable displacement pumpFig.5 A7VO55DRS Fig.6 A7VO55LRDS Fig.7 A2FO23Boom proportional directional spool valve 6The proportional directional spool valve with electro-hydraulic consists of pressure relief valve, pressure reducing valve, and flow control valve, and can be controlled manual or by remote control.Fig.8 Boom proportional directional spool valveLoad-holding valve Load-holding valve has three functions. (1) It acts as a lock when the cylinder isn’t moving. (2) Load-holding valve has twice relief function to protect boom against vibrating. It will be adjusted in the factory. (3) When the boom moves downward as Slewing load-holding valve gravity load, it can limit speed to prevent the boom falling too quickly and shaking. There are three main functions. Lock, overload protection and speed limiting.Outrigger hydraulic systemOutrigger hydraulic system and boom hydraulic system are used the same pump to supply oil. Outriggers should be set up before the boom is operated by the control levers or electric control button on both sides of the truck mounted concrete pump.Outrigger proportional directional spool valve It is an integrated unit with a relief valve inside to control maximum pressure of the outrigger hydraulic system.Fig .9 Outrigger proportional directional spool valveOutrigger hydraulic lock It is used to lock the outrigger cylinders and pay attention to the vertical moving of the outrigger cylinder when working .Pressure relief valve78混凝土泵車液壓系統(tǒng)的認識意大利 CIFA 混凝土機械公司（1.CIFA 混凝土機械泵車研究所 , 意大利， ）唐評南 譯(長沙學(xué)院機電工程系 湖南 長沙 410003）泵送單元液壓系統(tǒng) 臂架液壓系統(tǒng) 支腿液壓系統(tǒng) 液壓原理圖 液壓系統(tǒng)的日常保養(yǎng)及維護泵車液壓系統(tǒng)按泵車功能可劃分為泵送單元液壓系統(tǒng)、臂架液壓系統(tǒng)、支腿液壓系統(tǒng)。泵送單元液壓系統(tǒng)泵送單元液壓系統(tǒng)按功能可分為三大部分：主泵送油路系統(tǒng)；分配及潤滑油泵驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)；攪拌、冷卻、清洗油路系統(tǒng)。主泵送油路系統(tǒng) 主泵送系統(tǒng)按油液循環(huán)方式分為開式液壓回路和閉式液壓回路兩種。主油泵 開式液壓回路：采用一個軸向變量柱塞泵，該泵帶有恒功率控制裝置、壓力截流閥和電控變量控制閥，恒功率控制裝置出廠時已設(shè)定好。電控面板上油泵排量按鈕由小變大范圍內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)時，主油泵排量在 0～最大范圍內(nèi)變化。圖 1 泵 A11VLO1909A， B 工 作 油 口 （ 不 帶 升 壓 泵 ） 420barS 吸 油 口 （ 帶 升 壓 泵 ） 35barT1, T2 放 氣 口 ， 油 箱 R 放 氣 口 ， 放 油 M1 變 量 缸 測 壓 口 M 工 作 油 口 測 壓 口 G 控 制 壓 力 油 口對 于 排 量 可 限 制 型 （ H…U2 ） 和 HD、 EP 帶 緊 固 螺 栓 GE10-PLM（其他情況下油口 G 堵?。?閉式液壓回路：采用 A4VG180 雙向周向變量柱塞泵，該泵帶內(nèi)置補油泵，補油溢流閥調(diào)定壓力 3.5 MPa，其出口油路可分為兩路：第一路為補油油路，通過兩高壓溢流閥內(nèi)的單向閥，始終與主泵吸油油路相通，對主泵送油路進行補油，同時多余的油液經(jīng)沖洗閥、冷卻器流回油箱，實現(xiàn)對閉式油路系統(tǒng)的熱交換。 第二路為控制油路，經(jīng)恒功率閥、電磁比例減壓閥、換向閥及泵內(nèi)伺服缸伺服閥，實現(xiàn)主泵的變量及液流流動方向的改變。圖 2 油泵 A4VG180A, B 工作油口 SAE 11/4“ 高壓系列 420barT1 殼體泄油或注油口T2 殼體泄油口 M33×2，深18MA, MB 壓力表、工作壓力A，BR 放 氣 口 S 吸油口 X1, X2 控制壓力口（在節(jié)流孔前）G 輔助回路壓力口PS 控制壓力供油口Fa 過濾器出口 Fa1 過濾器出口（裝配過濾器） Fe 過濾器進口 M33×2，深 18FS 從過濾器到吸油管的接口（冷啟動）MH 平衡高壓油口Y1, Y2 遙控口（僅對于HD控制）沖洗閥 僅用于閉式液壓回路，用于實現(xiàn)閉式回路油液的交換。沖洗閥的設(shè)定壓為為 3.0 MPa電磁比例減壓閥 僅用于閉式液壓回路，其出口壓力接主油泵遠程控制口，控制油泵排量。出口壓力受比例電流及恒功率閥的控制。遙控器或電控柜面板上油泵排量旋鈕由小變大范圍內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)時，主油泵排量在 0～最大范圍內(nèi)變化。恒功率閥 10僅用于閉式回路，當回路工作壓力超過設(shè)定壓力時，恒功率閥起作用，減小電磁比例減壓閥出口壓力，進而保持功率的恒定。圖 3 恒功率閥主泵吸油濾油器 開式回路：過濾精度為 100μ閉式回路：過濾精度為 20μ當真空表指示超出安全區(qū)或電發(fā)訊器報警時，濾芯可能堵塞，應(yīng)及時清洗或更換。回油濾油器 開式回路：過濾精度為 20μ。當真空壓力表超過 0.35MPa 時，濾芯可能堵塞，應(yīng)及時清洗或更換。閉式回路：回油過濾精度為 10μ。電發(fā)訊器報警時，濾芯可能堵塞，應(yīng)及時清洗或更換。分配及潤滑油泵驅(qū)動系統(tǒng) 恒壓泵 分配系統(tǒng)采用 A10VO28 恒壓泵供油，其自帶的壓力控制閥設(shè)定壓力為 16Mpa。當系統(tǒng)壓力達到設(shè)定壓力時，泵保持設(shè)定壓力不變，但油泵排量減小，僅供給執(zhí)行元件所需流量。分配油路中另有溢流閥起安全閥作用，設(shè)定壓力為 18Mpa.進油口設(shè)定壓力設(shè)定壓力用于零點壓力設(shè)定的控制螺桿報警壓力功率設(shè)定11圖 4 恒壓泵板式球閥（截止閥） 用于蓄能器卸荷，當泵送完畢和停機維修時，必須反時針旋轉(zhuǎn)截止閥手柄，使蓄能器能壓力油卸荷（分配閥壓力表顯示值應(yīng)為零） 。蓄能器 充氣壓力 8～9MPa， 蓄能器充入的只能是氮氣，充氣壓力必須按規(guī)定要求。潤滑系統(tǒng) 有兩種形式：一種是往復(fù)柱塞式濃油泵潤滑系統(tǒng)由潤滑單泵（或潤滑雙泵） 、遞進式分油器、阻尼器和網(wǎng)式過濾器組成,驅(qū)動壓力油從擺動缸油路中引出。另一種是電機旋轉(zhuǎn)柱塞式集中潤滑系統(tǒng)，獨立接油箱，出廠時已設(shè)好潤滑間隔時間，泵送一工作，潤滑裝置即自動工作。攪拌、冷卻、清洗油路系統(tǒng) 開式系統(tǒng)只有攪拌、清洗油路，冷卻器由電機帶動。齒輪泵 攪拌、冷卻、清洗油路系統(tǒng)均由齒輪泵供油。疊加式溢流閥 設(shè)定壓力為 14Mpa。壓力繼電器 當攪拌葉片卡死時，系統(tǒng)油壓升高，超過設(shè)定值（一般為 10MPa） ，壓力繼電器（開關(guān)）發(fā)訊，電磁換向閥換向，使攪拌馬達反轉(zhuǎn)。當反轉(zhuǎn)一定時間（約 6 秒） ，電磁閥恢復(fù)原位，攪拌馬達正轉(zhuǎn)?；赜蜑V油器 僅用于主泵油路為閉式回路的泵車，過濾精度為 10μ，電發(fā)訊器報警時，濾芯可能堵塞，應(yīng)及時更換。臂架液壓系統(tǒng)臂架油泵 臂架與支腿采用同一個泵。37m、40m 泵車：A2FO23 定量泵44m、47m 泵車：A7VO55LRDS 變量泵或 A7VO55DRS 變量泵46m、49m 泵車：A7VO55LRDS 變量泵12圖 5 油泵 A7VO55DRS 圖 6 油泵 A7VO55LRDS 圖 7 油泵 A2FO23 臂架多路閥 為電液比例多路閥，可以手動或遙控操作，其內(nèi)集成了安全閥、減壓閥、流量控制閥等。圖 8 臂架多路閥平衡閥 具體結(jié)構(gòu)各廠家的稍有不同，但作用一樣：(1)油缸不運動時，起閉鎖作用；(2)平衡閥帶有二次溢流功能，臂架振動過大閉鎖腔的油液將溢流釋放，起到保護臂架的功能；二次溢流壓力出廠時已調(diào)定，用戶輕易不要動。(3)臂架向下運動（有重力載荷的作用下）時，起到限速作用，防止臂架自由下滑和抖動。回轉(zhuǎn)控制閥 具體結(jié)構(gòu)各廠家的也有不同，但作用一樣,也起閉鎖、過載保護、限速作用。支腿液壓系統(tǒng)支腿液壓系統(tǒng)與臂架液壓系統(tǒng)采用同一油泵供油，經(jīng)臂架多路閥提供給支腿液壓系統(tǒng)。臂架需要展開時，必須先打開各支腿。操縱支腿時，通過位于泵車兩側(cè)的操縱手柄和電控按鈕進行協(xié)調(diào)控制。臂架伸展時，嚴禁操縱支腿。支腿多路閥 13為整體式結(jié)構(gòu)。其內(nèi)置溢流閥，控制支腿的最高壓力。圖 9 支腿多路閥支腿液壓鎖支腿油缸閉鎖用，工作中應(yīng)注意觀察垂直油缸的下沉量。安 全 閥