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摘 要
數(shù)控機(jī)床在現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)中扮演著一個(gè)重要的角色。本論文介紹了THY5940型立式加工中心設(shè)計(jì)思想和設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。主要敘述了數(shù)控進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)及主要傳動(dòng)件滾珠絲杠及其支承的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。并對(duì)進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了校驗(yàn),取得了預(yù)期的效果。
該機(jī)床適用于摩托車、汽車、輕工機(jī)械等行業(yè)提高生產(chǎn)率。不僅對(duì)刀具的位置或軌跡進(jìn)行控制,而且還具有自動(dòng)換刀和補(bǔ)償功能,具有很高的強(qiáng)度,剛度和抗震性。以前采用的專用機(jī)床加工零件,雖然效率較高,但制約被加工零件的改進(jìn)。而加工中心具有柔性,從而能適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)到商品化。本加工中心的設(shè)計(jì)擬采用主機(jī),數(shù)控系統(tǒng)(包括伺服和驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng))及相關(guān)配套件三部分組成。在對(duì)以前研究成果分析總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,按照技術(shù)要求指標(biāo),對(duì)初步擬訂的方案進(jìn)行細(xì)化,論證,完善和總結(jié)。
加工中心的進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)承擔(dān)加工中心各直線坐標(biāo)軸的定位和切削進(jìn)給,進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的好壞將直接影響整機(jī)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和精度指標(biāo)。設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中應(yīng)使進(jìn)給穩(wěn)定性和快速響應(yīng)的特性。同時(shí),要求有合理的控制系統(tǒng),而且要求對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)元件和機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置的參數(shù)進(jìn)行合理的選擇,使整個(gè)進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)工作時(shí)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性相匹配。
THY5940型立式加工中心機(jī)床解決了單件,小批量,特別是復(fù)雜型面的零件的加工自動(dòng)化問(wèn)題。對(duì)于提高企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率,提高工件的加工精度以及提高機(jī)床的使用壽命都具有十分重要的意義。
經(jīng)過(guò)研究,本論文基本取得了預(yù)期效果,完成了進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。同時(shí),對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床的進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法的研究也取得一定的效果。
關(guān)鍵詞:數(shù)控技術(shù);數(shù)控機(jī)床;進(jìn)給系統(tǒng);滾珠絲杠
Abstract
Numerical control machine tools play an important role in nowadays manufacturing. This article integrate the design method and design process of the entering system of NC machining center of type of THY 5940.It specifies the driving design and important driving accessory –ball bearing and it,s bearing of the entering system of NC machining center .In the same way ,checkout the entering system . We have achieved the method of intelligent design.
This machine applies to car/motorcycle and light industry of engine in order to improve their production ratio. It is not only control the position and track of the falchion, but also has the function of change the falchion automatically and compensates; have high intension/Steelton and non-shake. In the old days, people often use special machine to product accessories. Although have a high production ratio, hobble the improving of producing accessories. But NC machining center is flexible, so it can adopt the changed production and organize production and shorten regulate period of production possibly. The NC machine center design adopt main –frame\NC machining center system and correlative accessories, on the base of the former study progeny.
The entering system of NC machining bears NC machining all line coordinate ordination and cutting entering. The advantage and disadvantage of entering system will influence the driving station of the whole machine and precision guideline. In the process of design, we should make sure that the interring system meets the stability and response quickly. Contemporary, require reasonable control system. Furthermore, have a logical choose for the parameter of driving settings. So the whole entering system can match the machine when it is working.
The entering system of NC machining center of type of THY 5940 settle the problems of the product automatically of one accessory small production and complex accessories. This machine has an important role in improving the production of enterprise to improve the product precision and advance the longevity of machine.
After this study, we have realized the anticipate purpose. We have completed the antitype of the intelligent design system, and we have achieved the method of intelligent design.
Key words: Numerical control technology; Numerical control machine tool;Feed system;Ball bearing guide screw
II
目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 引言 1
第2章 THY5940簡(jiǎn)介 4
2.1 機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 4
2.2 機(jī)床坐標(biāo)與進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) 5
第3章 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 6
3.1 數(shù)控機(jī)床進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu) 6
3.1.1 進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu) 6
3.1.2 設(shè)計(jì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題 7
3.1.3 傳動(dòng)過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵元件 8
3.2 滾珠絲杠的選擇 9
3.3 絲杠拖動(dòng)電機(jī)的確定 9
3.3.1 絲杠的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量J 9
3.3.2 電機(jī)的選擇 10
3.4 剛度計(jì)算 11
第4章 滾珠絲杠副的校驗(yàn)與進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)誤差分析 13
4.1 機(jī)床定位精度與絲杠精度 13
4.2 滾珠絲杠的疲勞強(qiáng)度 13
4.3 死區(qū)誤差的分析 14
4.4 由傳動(dòng)剛度的變化引起的定位誤差 14
第5章 機(jī)床的總體設(shè)計(jì)思路 16
5.1 主軸箱平衡和主軸箱拖動(dòng) 16
5.2 滑座及立柱拖動(dòng) 16
5.3 床身及滑座拖動(dòng) 16
5.4 機(jī)床的防護(hù)系統(tǒng) 17
結(jié) 論 18
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 19
致 謝 21
0
第1章 引言
THY5940型立式加工中心是為汽車/摩托車/輕工機(jī)械等行業(yè)提高生產(chǎn)效率而開(kāi)發(fā)的新產(chǎn)品。該機(jī)床總體布局為工作臺(tái)固定,立柱移動(dòng)式。主運(yùn)動(dòng)采用數(shù)字交流伺服電機(jī)拖動(dòng),可無(wú)機(jī)調(diào)速。該加工中心除針對(duì)汽車零件的加工外,還可以對(duì)其它種類的零件進(jìn)行銑、鏜、鉆、擴(kuò)、攻絲、平面及任何曲面的加工,它是輕工機(jī)械領(lǐng)域較為理想的設(shè)備,特別適合于汽車、摩托車行業(yè)以及輕工機(jī)械行業(yè)大批量生產(chǎn)的需要。該產(chǎn)品既可單機(jī)使用,也可以通過(guò)小的改動(dòng)與柔性生產(chǎn)線聯(lián)機(jī)使用。因此,產(chǎn)品使用范圍廣。
根據(jù)加工特點(diǎn)及提高生產(chǎn)率的要求,采用加工和裝夾同時(shí)進(jìn)行。使工作臺(tái)的一側(cè)為加工區(qū),另一側(cè)為卸載區(qū)。加工時(shí)工作臺(tái)固定,加工完工作后,只做旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng),代替交換工作臺(tái)的功能。機(jī)床的三個(gè)移動(dòng)坐標(biāo)(X、Y、Z)均由主軸實(shí)現(xiàn)。主軸箱側(cè)掛于立柱上,并實(shí)現(xiàn)Z向進(jìn)給。立柱在滑座上移動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)Y向進(jìn)給?;诖采砩弦苿?dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)X向進(jìn)給。在工作臺(tái)兩側(cè)設(shè)有螺旋排屑槽,將切屑排至機(jī)床的后面,在通過(guò)鏈?zhǔn)脚判计?與冷卻水箱一體)傳至切屑集中處。整機(jī)設(shè)有防護(hù)間,電器柜在防護(hù)間一側(cè)便于操作,液壓站安置在電器柜后面,從整體上設(shè)計(jì)較為合理。