1外文翻譯Treating and the modern mould make high speedOne, summarizes1 the present situation that the mould makes at present and trendThe mould is important handicraft equipment , occupies decisive position in industrid departments such as consumer goods , electrical equipment electron , automobile , aircraft fabrication. The mould is important handicraft equipment , occupies decisive position in industrid departments such as consumer goods , electrical equipment electron , automobile , aircraft fabrication. Industrial product part rough process 75%, the finish machining 50% and plastic part 90% will be completed from the mould. The Chinese mould market demand already reaches scale of 500 hundred million yuan at present. The automobile mould , the annual growth rate covering piece of mould especially will exceed 20 %; Also prompt building material mould development , various heterotype material the mould , wall surface and floor mould become new mould growth point , plastic doors and windows and plastic drain-pipe increase to exceeding 30 by in the upcoming several years %; The home appliance mould annual growth rate will exceed 10 %; The IT industry year increases % speed equally exceeding 20 , the need to the mould accounts for 20 of mould marketplace %.2004 annual Chinese machine tools implements industry output valuewill continue to increase. Our country mould fabrication market potential is enormous. The basis data counts , in recent years, our country mould year gross output value reaches 3 billion U. S. dollar , entrance exceeds 1 billion U. S. dollar, exceed 100 million U. S. dollar outlet. Increase by from 25% to increase to 2005 50% of 1995. The expert foretells that abroad: Asia portion being occupied by in mould fabrication in the whole world, will from 25% to increase to 2005 50% of 1995.Chinese mould industry has been expanding by leaps and bounds , has formed east China and two big South China bases, and has expanded gradually arriving at other province. In 2002 (Shandong , Anhui , Sichuan) in 1996 ~, mould manufacturing industry output value annual average growth 14% , grows by 25% in 2003. In 2003 our country mould output value is 45 billion RMB. The gross product place occupies the world the 3rd, exports a mould increases 33.5% compared to last year 336,800,000 U. S. dollar. But, contents low our country technology moulds already pile up in excess of requirement , very most support of accurate , complicated top grade mould imports. Every year the entrance mould exceeds 1 billion U. S. dollar. Exceed 100 million U. S. dollar outlet.Precise mould accuracy requires that 3 mu ms , large-scale moulds require that 8000 satisfied kN agree well with model force injection machine request in 2 ~; The minitype mould needs the request satisfying the diameter 1 mm silent stock tube. At present, adopt quick-cutting to produce a mould already becoming the general trend that the mould makes, a few moulds have produced a manufacturer in abroad , high-speed machine tool large area has substituted the electric spark machine tool , quick-cutting has improved the mould efficacy greatly. Machine tool enterprise aims at mould manufacturing enterprises , some treating centres 60% all above of the machine tool producing a factory sells treating enterprise to a mould. The mould fabrication enterprise substituting the electric spark finish machining mould gradually in abroad has adopt quick-cutting already commonly , quick-cutting has produced a mould already becoming the general trend that the mould makes gradually , has improved the mould efficacy and mass greatly. Adopt quick-cutting to replace electric spark producing a mould , can get on the stick obviously , improves mould accuracy , life time growing.2 high speed processes application in making in the mould2.1 quick-cutting merit:1) cutter high rotation rate and the machine tool height enter be given to and high acceleration , improve metal excision rate greatly;22) quick-cutting diminutions cut a force;3) quick-cutting heat major part generate heat from the cuttings entrainment , workpiece being short;4) quick-cutting cut down vibration , improve treating mass;2.2 high speed treating apply to the beneficial result that the mould processes1) fleetness rough process and half finish machining, improve treating efficiency;2) high speed high-accuracy finish machining replace only entire the height processing , indicating mass , form accuracy rise , 50%, cuts down repair a mill by hand than EDM processes a potentiation;3) cuts the surface processing final molding stiffly , improve surface mass , form accuracy, the treating (not only being that surface harshness is low, and the surface radiance is high) , being used for complicated surface has more advantage;4) the surface loss that EDM treating produces , improve mould life-span 20%;5) processes an electrode rapidly combining with the CAD/CAM technology , especially, the form is complicated , thin-wall is similar to an electrode.3 adopt quick-cutting to process a mould needing the problem solvingIn in the homeland, since the aspect cause such as fund , technology , the quick-cutting applying produce a mould be in the initial stage stage. Return the machine tool , cutter , handicraft back to existence as well as some problem of aspect needs to proceed orderly other solve.The shortcoming is that finished cost is high, correct cutter sigmatism have comparatively high demand, can not have used big cutters , need to have the complicated computer programming technology to be used for support , equipment running cost height.Two, the high speed processing a mould's processes a machine toolMould finish machining and hard cutting treating require that the numerical control high-speed machine tool , form board , model put up the precision processing need , high-effect numerical control machine tool etc.The mould aiming at produces a lot of machine tool enterprise , some treating centres 60% all above of the machine tool producing a factory sells enterprise to a mould.The fixed assets having 5 billion yuan without exception in the upcoming several years throws into mould industry , 80% is the machine tool buying a mould process equipment , just saying every year having 4 billion yuan of RMB to buy Jinqie among them.At present average our country numerical control machine tool utilization ratio approximately 20%, the high-speed machine tool utilization ratio 3 ~ 5%. Also, mould enterprise has the unit suitable to buy a high-speed machine tool , complies with 6000 ~ 40000 rmp's to have.1 high-speed machine tool technology parameter demandsProcess centre chief axis high-power , high rotation rate , satisfied rude finish machining; The finish machining mould wants to need to reach 15000 ~ 20000 rmp like the cutter , the machine tool with minor diameter. Generally, the chief axis rotation rate machine tool under 10000 rpm can carry out rough process and half finish machining , cannot reach the finish machining accuracy;Have no way to reach 400 the above m/min cutting speed.2 five scrolls of machine tools application increases a trend1) treating route is nimble , the surface form is complicated;2) treating range is big , the various type mould suitable processes;3) cuts life-span of condition easy to cut down cutter wear , to raise a cutter,;3 the softwares buying CAD/CAM and high-speed machine tools assortOn the grounds of the machine tool , major part counting , having several billions U. S. dollar to be used to enter port every year, the electromachining machine tool and the high-speed machine tool need to import.Three, quick-cutting mould cutter technology3Quick-cutting processes the cutter needing allocating proper quick-cutting. Progressing processing cutter material's in high speed has urged development of high speed treating. The cutter , knife edge headquarter and high tenacity base gathering crystal strengthening the ceramics cutter being able to be used giving consideration to high hardness experience and observe carbide alloy coating becoming possibility. Gather the crystal cube nitriding boron (PCBN) bit, whose hardness may amount to 3500 ~ 4500 HV. Gather crystal miamond (PCD) it's hardness but amount to 6000 ~ 10000 HV. Germany SCS , Japan Mitsubishi (magical steel) and Sumitomo ,Switzerland Shanteweike , USA Kenna are in recent years swiftly large wait for the famous abroad cutter company to successively have debuted the respective quick-cutting cutter, not only cutter having average structural steel of quick-cutting, the ceramics cutter still having direct quick-cutting of energy quenching hard steel is waiting for an effect to surpass the hard cutter, especially the coating cutter appears all of a sudden , bringing into play in quenching half finish machining and finish machining of hard steel. New cutter material and cutter technology appearing already make the bottleneck problem that high speed has processed no longer be able to appear on the cutter.But, expensive entrance cutter price also blocks quick-cutting mould key factor.Above to come to saying the cutter and the cutter holder acceleration reach 3 gs the sort, the cutter circular runout needs to be smaller than 0.015 mm, but the knife length is unable greater than 4 times cutters diameter. The reality according to SANDVIK company has counted , the carbide alloy has stood on in the entirety using carbon nitriding titanium (TICN) coating when milling cutters (58 HRC) carry out high speed bright metal chopping , rough process cutter linear speed has been 100 m/min about , whose linear speed has exceeded but 280 m/min when finish machining and microstoning. Such demands to cutter material (include the hardness , tenacity , red hardness keep the form (include row of crumbs function , surface accuracy , dynamic balance sex etc. (cutting the function) , the cutter under high temperature state)) as well as cutter life-span all has very highly.Experience according to in the homeland mould high speed finish machining, linear speed has exceeded 400 ~ 800 m/min when adopt the young diameter ball head milling cutter to carry out mould finish machining. The machine tool choosing sufficient high-speed's cuts mould finish machining stiffly.Delcam adopt 0.8 mm diameter cutter to process the narrow slot , rotation rate 40000 rpm , 0.1 mm depth, feed speed 30 m/min.1 chooses the cutter parameter , the cutter waits if shouldering an anterior angle. The cutter requires that the ability processing request shock resistance tenacity more highly , requiring that heat resistance pounds than average is strong;2 adopts various method improving cutter life-span , reduces cutter cost.3 adopt the high speed hilt , HSK hilt , heat pressing applying the most being at present to pretend to grip a cutter. Pay attention to a cutter pretend to grip overall in the day afer tomorrow dynamic balance;4current cutter enterprise has already done many jobs in the field of the technology resolving the quick-cutting cutter , serving facing the cutter processing may help to solve much problem , the cutter has produced a manufacturer becoming the main body , the reference cutter has produced the technology parameter that the manufacturer provides.Four, improve quick-cutting mould efficiency technology1 cutter diameter and the length choice2 HSM and the EDM choice3 does cutting and the lubricating cooling4 feeds choice: Move forward generally giving amounts milling cutter diameters 10% , move forward giving a width milling cutter diameter 40%. According to material, condition chooses the parameter processing handicraft rationallyHigh speed bright metal cuts the mass processing part material abroad fairly good, material quality level is 4identical , the treating function comparison is stable; But, the cutter that the company produces abroad is also that the standard makes an experiment with their material; The treating being recommended by is suitable to their standard comparatively like the parameter , material quality has the certain difference with domestic part , this difference shows comparatively obviously , some parameters can apply directly, but some effect dispatches right away comparatively during the period of high speed bright metal chops if using their cutter. But select and use part material quality in the homeland like enterprise having the certain standard, what be put into use part material, can use the part material quality that high speed processes especially , the general meeting is limited in some part material range inner, that this applies the high speed processing technology to us has also provided advantageous condition , has been able to apply to less treating material within range. Being needing to emphasize that here, must choose the treating technological parameter optimizing out a set of capital suitable enterprise on these material , is brought into company standard and.The technology selecting and using the domestic cutter , seldom having the bright metal recommending high speed to chop parametric , is necessary making an experiment, get the comparatively satisfied parameter , produce a manufacturer had better to select and use the fixed cutter , cut down the number of times testing that , the standard forming a processing technology, such can improve effective utilization ratio of equipment , lowers production costs , can get the fairly good economic effect.Five, quick-cutting route processing a cutter and programming1) flat surface feeds the route choice2) 2) outlines process the route choice3) Keep cutting loading stable4) keeps relatively stable moving forward giving amounts and feed speed5) keeps the garden corner in flat surface cutting6) chooses the finish machining margin rationallyProgramming demand of HSC finish machining to CAM:1) the bright metal avoiding a corner to the full cuts motion;2) tries one's best to avoid external feed of workpiece and enter next depth return knife motion , direct from the outline. Or adopt a helical line or being sure enter slanting to moving forward;3) constant each edge feed , improve the quality, prolongs cutter life-span;4) outline treating are kept waiting in level surface.Quick-cutting CAM software:Several years ago will have started quick-cutting processing programming technology research, the Delcam company , has developed the quick-cutting automation programming software module; Lately, the MasterCAM company has also developed the quick-cutting automation programming software module; You also are in in the homeland north navigation developing the quick-cutting automation programming software module;Six, high-speed machine tool numerical control system characteristic1) high speed data is processed2) corner forecasts are handled3) NURBS are not justified appearance strip runin curve treatingSeven, safe quick-cutting mould problem1） Monitoring wearing a cutter away and destroying;2） Intensity that the bit links;3） Strict with the machine tool and the cutter examination is very important and before the average machine tool processing diversity , safety protects and starts up.Eight, there exists problem in our country at present in adopt high speed to process the mould technology1 machine tool:51) domestic high-speed machine tool overall function still has the gap , the function component function to be able to not satisfy a request. Power and rotation rate including the electricity chief axis, entrance machine tool price is high;2）Under the machine tool high speed, the dynamic behaviour studies the function being not enough to affect a complete machine as a result,;3）The five scroll of machine tool is not enough mature , entrance machine tool price is very high;4) supporting technology and equipment are fairly incomplete2 cutters:1) domestic cutter is not able to adapt to the quick-cutting application , high speed cuts only entire treating especially stiffly. Entrance cutter price is high. The cutter technology is to affect quick-cutting processing a key factor of mould.2) supporting technologies are not enough to include hilt , online dynamic balance in complete set etc3 high speed moulds process the technology and the experiment1) Be short of the accumulation applying experience since high speed processes the mould history comparatively shortly,;2）The comparison studying comparison stops throwing into lack, sets up a project to quick-cutting handicraft is difficult;3) Be short of the quick-cutting data base or the handbook , is still blank space at present;4) moulds produce the manufacturer cognition lack to quick-cutting , the analysis contrast being short of long range beneficial result;4 Be short of the quick-cutting automation programming software;5 Be short of a five scroll of gear quick-cutting automation programming CAM software.Concluding remarkThe mould marketplace has the intense need, but technology to be unable to keep abreastwith to high speed treating. Starting is late , the basis is relatively poor , overall engineeringlevel not being taller than , develops slowlyRequire that one by one, aspect coordinatedgrowth , the product mimic inkstone throwing into combining with enlarging, eachcomprehensive utilization aspect strengths drive quick-cutting application in making in themould Our hope , effort passing every aspect, before the market demand push go down ,pass technological progress, look like automobile , machine tool , home appliance , beforelong, not only our country being going to become a mould producing Great Power, and begoing to become a mould producing the powerful country.References1, Jin Diecheng , Song Fangzhi. The modern mould makes the technology , Beijing:Mechanical industry press, 2001.2, Xu Hefeng, The digitization mould makes the technology , Beijing: Chemical industrypress, 2001.3,Zhao Bo ,High speed processes the forward position technology that the mould processes.Mould technology , 2000 , (2)4,Zhang Haiou,The fleetness mould makes the technology current situation and theirdeveloping trend. Mould technology , 2000 , (6)5,Guo Dongming,Wang Xiaoming,Be geared to the needs of the particular kind processingtechnology that the fleetness creates. Chinese mechanical engineering , 2000 , (11)6高速加工和現(xiàn)代模具制造一、概述1．目前模具制造的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和趨勢(shì)模具作為重要的工藝裝備，在消費(fèi)品、電器電子、汽車、飛機(jī)制造等工業(yè)部門中，占有舉足輕重的地位。工業(yè)產(chǎn)品零件粗加工的 75%，精加工的 50%及塑料零件的 90%將由模具完成。目前中國(guó)模具市場(chǎng)需求已達(dá) 500 億元之規(guī)模。汽車模具、特別是覆蓋件模具年增長(zhǎng)速度將超過 20 %；建材模具也迅速發(fā)展，各種異型材模具、墻面和地面模具成為模具的新增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，今后幾年塑料門窗和塑料排水管增長(zhǎng)將超過 30 %；家電模具年增長(zhǎng)速度將超過 10 %；IT 業(yè)年均增長(zhǎng)速度超過 20 % ，對(duì)模具的需求占模具市場(chǎng)的 20 %。2004 年中國(guó)機(jī)床工具工業(yè)產(chǎn)值將繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。我國(guó)模具制造市場(chǎng)潛力巨大。根據(jù)資料統(tǒng)計(jì)，近年來，我國(guó)模具的年總產(chǎn)值達(dá)到 30 億美元，進(jìn)口超過 10 億美元，出口超過 1 億美元。增長(zhǎng)從 1995 年的 25% 增加到 2005 年的 50%。國(guó)外專家預(yù)言：亞洲在全球模具制造中占據(jù)的份額，將從 1995 年的 25%增加至2005 年的 50%。中國(guó)模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，形成了華東和華南兩大基地，并且逐漸擴(kuò)大到其他省份。(山東,安徽,四川) 1996 年～2002 年，模具制造業(yè)產(chǎn)值年平均增長(zhǎng) 14%，2003 年增長(zhǎng) 25%。2003 年我國(guó)模具產(chǎn)值為 450 億人民幣?？偖a(chǎn)量位居世界第 3，出口模具 3.368 億美元，比上年增長(zhǎng) 33.5%。但是，我國(guó)技術(shù)含量低的模具已供過于求，精密、復(fù)雜的高檔模具很大部分依靠進(jìn)口。每年進(jìn)口模具超過 10 億美元。出口超過 1 億美元精密模具精度要求在 2～ 3μ m,大型模具需要滿足 8000kN 合模力注塑機(jī)的要求;小型模具需滿足直徑1mm 塑料管的要求。目前，采用高速切削生產(chǎn)模具已經(jīng)成為模具制造的大趨勢(shì)，在國(guó)外一些模具生產(chǎn)廠家，高速機(jī)床大面積取代電火花機(jī)床，高速切削大大提高了模具生產(chǎn)效率。機(jī)床企業(yè)瞄準(zhǔn)模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，有的加工中心生產(chǎn)廠機(jī)床的 60%以上賣給模具加工企業(yè)。高速切削逐漸取代電火花精加工模具在國(guó)外的模具制造企業(yè)已經(jīng)普遍采用，高速切削生產(chǎn)模具已經(jīng)成為逐漸模具制造的大趨勢(shì)，大大提高了模具生產(chǎn)效率和質(zhì)量。采用高速切削替代電火花生產(chǎn)模具，可以明顯提高效率、提高模具精度、使用壽命長(zhǎng)。2．高速加工在模具制造中的應(yīng)用2．1 高速切削的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1） 刀具的高轉(zhuǎn)速和機(jī)床的高進(jìn)給以及高加速度，大大提高金屬切除率；2） 高速切削減小切削力；3） 高速切削熱大部分由切屑帶走，工件發(fā)熱少；4） 高速切削減少振動(dòng)，提高加工質(zhì)量；2．2 高速加工應(yīng)用于模具加工的效益1） 快速粗加工和半精加工，提高加工效率；2） 高速高精度精加工硬切削代替光整加工，表明質(zhì)量高，形狀精度提高，比 EDM 加工提高效率50%，減少手工修磨；3） 硬切削加工最后成型表面，提高表面質(zhì)量、形狀精度，(不僅是表面粗糙度低，而且表面光亮度高)，用于復(fù)雜表面的加工更具優(yōu)勢(shì)；4） 避免 EDM 加工產(chǎn)生的表面損傷，提高模具壽命 20%；5） 結(jié)合 CAD/CAM 技術(shù)快速加工電極，特別是形狀復(fù)雜、薄壁類電極。3． 采用高速切削加工模具需要解決的問題在國(guó)內(nèi)，由于資金、技術(shù)等方面的原因，應(yīng)用高速切削生產(chǎn)模具還處于初期階段。 還存在機(jī)床、刀具、工藝以及其他方面的一些問題需要逐步解決。 缺點(diǎn)是加工成本高，對(duì)刀具的使用有較高的要求，不能使用過大的刀具，要有復(fù)雜的計(jì)算機(jī)編程技術(shù)做支持，設(shè)備運(yùn)行成本高。二、加工模具的高速加工機(jī)床模具精加工和硬切削加工需要數(shù)控高速機(jī)床,模板、模架加工需要精密、高效數(shù)控機(jī)床等。許多機(jī)床企業(yè)瞄準(zhǔn)模具生產(chǎn)，有的加工中心生產(chǎn)廠機(jī)床的 60%以上賣給模具企業(yè)。模具行業(yè)今后幾年年均有 50 億元7的固定資產(chǎn)投入，其中 80%是購(gòu)買模具加工設(shè)備，也就是說每年有 40 億元人民幣要購(gòu)買金切機(jī)床。目前我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床的平均利用率大約 20%，高速機(jī)床的利用率 3～5% 。模具企業(yè)也有相當(dāng)?shù)膯挝毁?gòu)買高速機(jī)床，從 6000～40000rmp 的都有。1．高速機(jī)床的技術(shù)參數(shù)要求加工中心主軸大功率、高轉(zhuǎn)速，滿足粗精加工；精加工模具要用小直徑刀具，機(jī)床一般要達(dá)到15000～20000rmp。通常主軸轉(zhuǎn)速在 1