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車輛與動力工程學院畢業(yè)設計說明書
HKD640微型客車設計
(離合器及操縱機構(gòu)及傳動軸設計)
摘 要
本次設計了離合器和傳動軸。在汽車傳動系的這些部件中，離合器和傳動軸是其中兩個重要的部件。在傳動系統(tǒng)中，離合器位于發(fā)動機與變速器之間，其作用是使駕駛員可以把發(fā)動機與變速器接合或分離。離合器是一種摩擦式分離裝置，與駕駛室中離合器踏板相連接。駕駛員通過操縱離合器既可以使發(fā)動機與離合器暫時分離，也可以在汽車起步時使發(fā)動機與離合器平穩(wěn)接合。本次設計為膜片彈簧離合器。
本設計通過對傳動軸的傳動類型分析，結(jié)合所設計微型客車的特點以及市場趨勢等因素，對傳動方式和傳動軸進行了選型；通過對傳動軸的類型與結(jié)構(gòu)分析，選擇傳動軸的十字軸滾針軸承的密封形式為外卡環(huán)式密封，并在其密封部位采用橡膠骨架油封和氈圈油封相結(jié)合的密封形式，以適應農(nóng)村地區(qū)的惡略路況；通過對萬向節(jié)的十字軸 、滾針軸承 、萬向節(jié)叉的設計計算，確定了所設計車輛使用的這些部件的具體尺寸；通過對傳動軸的臨界轉(zhuǎn)速和計算載荷的確定，用待定系數(shù)法確定了傳動軸的花鍵軸和軸管的尺寸，并校核了其扭轉(zhuǎn)強度和臨界轉(zhuǎn)速，確定了合適的安全系數(shù)。鑒于矩形花鍵的一系列優(yōu)點和國內(nèi)的生產(chǎn)加工水平，傳動軸花鍵采用了矩形花鍵。傳動軸的實驗室傳動軸的生產(chǎn)加工中的一項至關重要的程序，本文在該書中對傳動軸的試驗進行了簡要介紹，并且在設計過程中對涉及到實驗的部分有針對性查閱了同類型的產(chǎn)品的試驗結(jié)果，對設計結(jié)果予以修正。綜合各部分的設計及校核結(jié)果，所設計的傳動軸能滿足所設計的微型客車的傳動要求。
關鍵詞：離合器, 摩擦式, 膜片彈簧, 傳動軸, 十字軸
HKD640MINI PASSENGER CAR
—CLUTCH、CONTROL MECHANISMAND PROPELLER SHAFT DESIGN
ABSTRACT
In this thesis ,clutch、control mechanism and propeller shaft is designed .The clutch and the transmission are two important units of all .The clutch is located in the power train between the engine and the transmission .Its purpose is to permit the driver to coupe or uncouple the engine and transmission .The clutch is a friction-type device .It is linked to a clutch pedal in the driver’s compartment .The clutch allows the driver to couple the engine or uncouple the engine from transmission while he is shifting gears or starting the automobile moving rest .In the design ,we use the type of coil-pressure-spring .
The thesis introduced power transmission shaft used on farming transporters. According to the features of the farming transporter and the characters of the road in rural areas ,we chose the simply made open style power transmission shaft .For farming transporters , its cost and convenience for reparation and adaptability rather than its comfort ability and science ratio are concerned .So during the design we did not pay too much attention to the popular which is often advanced technology of the filed .On the contrary ,we just made some necessary improvement to the using form .For example ,we use involutes serration instead of rectangle serration ,so the durability of the spine will be much upgraded while its cost still low because nowadays its not more difficult to machine involutes serration than rectangle serration .To up the durability of the shaft ,we paid much attention to the seal form of the unit .We used rubber bone seal together with felt washer .
KEY WORDS：clutch, friction-type, Diaphragm spring, power transmission shaft, cross axle