2019版高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)選題 Unit 1 Women of achievement（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

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Women of achievement 一、閱讀理解 You may not think it very much—a used ice cream tub(紙杯) on the beach, a cigarette butt in the sand. But these little pieces of litter amount to around 8.8 million tons of trash in the worlds oceans, poisoning and choking sealife, according to figures from the World Wildlife Foundation. Now, in a set of images titled The Price Of Convenience by Waters has shown the destroying effects that casual littering has on creatures. In one image called “your convenience is their extinction”, a sea turtles shell is hollowed out(掏空) and filled with banana skins, soda cans, and other debris. “It is shocking the amount of trash in the oceans,” Waters, 23, said, describing his project which he has begun a campaign to the WWF. “When you leave litter on the beach,you are treating the ocean like a trash can. When you throw trash over the side of a boat, youre treating the ocean like a trash can. And when you leave litter at a beach festival or party, its the same.Obviously it would be impossible to clean the oceans but I felt I had to try something.”Waters explained that he, like many other Westerners, has always been aware of environmental concerns but did not begin to do something about i. The turning point came as he visited Malaysia with his girlfriend last year. He reached the shore to find piles of trash.But it was beautiful, the smell of the air, of the ocean.I had a strong feeling for it after I started researching trash in the ocean. A few months later, he came across the video of a sea turtle in obvious agony(痛苦) with a drinking straw stuck up its nostrils(鼻孔).That video inspired the first of Waters three images. “Sea turtles are such gentle creatures. I felt sick watching that video.Trash left on a beach by humans caused so much pain and suffering.These animals dont have voices so weve got to speak up for them.” he added. Waters has not yet received a response from WWF regarding his images.For now, he says, he is inspired to develop more campaigns that raise awareness of environmental concerns. 1.What can be found in the sea turtles shell according to the passage? A.Some ice cream. B.Some drawings. C.Some litter. D.Some creatures. 2.Why did the turtle in the video seem very painful? A.Because its nostrils were full of cigarette butts. B.Because it had been poisoned and seemed to be dying. C.Because most of its body parts had been injured seriously. D.Because there was a drinking straw stuck up its nostrils. 3.Waters trying something aims to ________. A.make the polluted ocean bee clean B.remind people awareness of ocean pollution C.improve his skill of drawing pictures D.get some support from the WWF 參考答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.B 解析： 1.[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句的filled with banana skins, soda cans, and other debris可知在海龜?shù)纳眢w里填滿了香蕉皮、蘇打水瓶子和其他垃圾。] 2.[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第四句的with a drinking straw stuck up its nostrils可知是海龜鼻孔的吸管讓它難受的。] 3.[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句Waters explained that he, like many other Westerners, has always been aware of environmental concerns可知他通過自己的努力來引起其他人對(duì)海洋環(huán)境的關(guān)注。] 二、單句語法填空 1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________(regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise. 答案：is regarded　當(dāng)主語后面接由along with引起的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和主語(cycling)保持一致；cycling與regard之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且此處描述一般事實(shí)。 2．He was observed by officers ________(drive) at 90 miles per hour. 答案：driving　observe在本句中意為“注意到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，在句中構(gòu)成observe sb. doing sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)式，用v.ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 3．Many times the person who hurt you does not intend ________ (apologize)． 答案：to apologize　intend to do sth. “打算做某事”。 4．Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable ________(achieve) for one so young. 答案：achievement　a remarkable achievement “一個(gè)非凡的成就”。 5．With our teacher ________(support) us, we feel quite encouraged. 答案：supporting　support “支持”前有With, 因此應(yīng)使用所填詞的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，且teacher和support構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填supporting。 6．He has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________(buy) it. 答案：buying/to buy　It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”。 7．The little boys bad ________(behave) at the party made his parents upset. 答案：behaviour　behaviour “行為”是名詞，此處作主語。 8．Tolerance consists in ________(respect) the opinions of others. 答案：respecting　句意：寬容在于尊重別人的觀點(diǎn)。介詞后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞ing形式。 9．puters have replaced televisions as our most popular form of ________(entertain)． 答案：entertainment　介詞of后應(yīng)為名詞entertainment “娛樂活動(dòng)；娛樂”。 10．What I would like to do today is to advance an ________(argue) and see what you make of it. 答案：argument　由an可知，應(yīng)填argument名詞“論點(diǎn)”。 三、完形填空 When I was just out of college，I managed to get my dream job as a trader in New York City on the floor of the American Stock(證券)Exchange. Though it was a proud __1__，the job was simply too physically __2__—I must stand in a crowd every day，which often __3__ me in a mindset(思維模式)that held me back. Manhattan is a walking town and its difficult to __4__ when you have a disability.Taxies are expensive and riding the subway __5__ dozens of steep steps to get below the __6__.This left me only one __7__—the bus. One night，after the __8__ for my job，I was aching with selfpity __9__ it started to rain on my walk to the bus stop.I became more and more __10__ without an umbrella，thinking Id never __11__ it in this city and telling myself，“this city is just too hard” and “maybe it is just not possible for a guy like me”． And then，I __12__ the most beautiful，short moment.A couple came rolling by on roller skates，hand __13__ hand as they skated what seemed like the tango.They were all wet but they saw the __14__ as an opportunity and romance. I suddenly became grateful for waiting in the rain because I __15__ have missed this beauty __16__ if I had been in a taxi or on the subway.This，although __17__，was an important moment on my journey to discover the __18__ of achieving health and happiness.When I change my mindset，__19__ for a moment，to what is possible and work to get rid of the selflimiting beliefs that __20__ my daily actions，I will be on the road to a healthier，happier life. 1．A.adjustment B．a(chǎn)chievement C．a(chǎn)greement D．treatment 2．A.tiring B．boring C．relaxing D．disappointing 3．A.reminded B．expected C．took D．left 4．A.go up B．get around C．set off D．show up 5．A.requests B．supports C．requires D．surrounds 6．A.ground B．street C．town D．city 7．A.change B．chance C．idea D．choice 8．A.struggle B．work C．experience D．influence 9．A.before B．while C．when D．a(chǎn)fter 10．A.nervous B．curious C．scared D．upset 11．A.get B．make C．put D．watch 12．A.recalled B．observed C．witnessed D．realized 13．A.on B．by C．to D．in 14．A.rain B．tree C．wind D．cloud 15．A.shall B．would C．need D．must 16．A.exactly B．instantly C．entirely D．suddenly 17．A.strange B．small C．normal D．different 18．A.humor B．honesty C．power D．principle 19．A.still B．yet C．a(chǎn)lso D．even 20．A.affect B．follow C．forbid D．harm 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者工作很累，回家路上遇到下雨，心情沮喪。當(dāng)看到一對(duì)夫婦在雨中溜冰的畫面，作者感覺到改變自己的思維模式會(huì)使自己走上一條更健康、更快樂的生活之路。文章告訴我們改變思維模式的重要性。 【核心詞匯】go up上升　get around四處走動(dòng) set off出發(fā)　show up出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng) 1．B　根據(jù)第一段中的“I managed to get my dream job”可知，作者畢業(yè)后找到了自己理想的工作，這份工作應(yīng)是作者引以為傲的成就，故選B項(xiàng)，achievement意為“成就”。adjustment“調(diào)節(jié)”；agreement“同意，一致”；treatment“治療，對(duì)待”。 2．A　根據(jù)本句中的“I must stand in a crowd every day”可推知，這份工作是勞累的，故選A項(xiàng)，tiring意為“累人的，令人疲倦的”。relaxing“令人放松的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。 3．D　根據(jù)語境可知“我每天都必須站在人群中，這常常讓我有想退縮的思維模式”。“l(fā)eave＋sh.＋賓補(bǔ)”表示“讓某人……”，故選D項(xiàng)。remind“提醒”；expect“預(yù)期”。 4．B　根據(jù)上文的“Manhattan is a walking town”可知，曼哈頓是一個(gè)步行商業(yè)區(qū)，所以你有殘疾的話是很難四處走動(dòng)(get around)的。go up“上升”；set off“出發(fā)”；show up“出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)”。 5．C　根據(jù)語境可知，出租車很貴，乘坐地鐵需要(requires)走下幾十個(gè)陡峭的臺(tái)階才能到達(dá)地下。request“請(qǐng)求”；support“支持”；surround“圍繞”。 6．A　根據(jù)本句中的“the subway”以及常識(shí)可知，人們?cè)诘孛?ground)下乘坐地鐵，故選A項(xiàng)。 7．D　句意：這讓我只有一種選擇——公共汽車。根據(jù)上文提到的交通方式都不適合作者可知，此處表示作者唯一的選擇(choice)。 8．A　句意：一天晚上，在為我的工作苦苦奮斗后，我一直自怨自艾，當(dāng)我走向公共汽車站的時(shí)候又下起了雨。根據(jù)語境可推知，此處是指在為工作奮斗(struggle)了一天之后。experience“經(jīng)歷”；influence“影響”。 9．C　參見上題解析。when在此處表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，符合語境。 10．D　根據(jù)上文的“it started to rain”和空后的“without an umbrella”可知，下雨了，但是作者沒有帶傘，所以作者心情越來越沮喪(upset)。 11．B　根據(jù)上文可知，沒有雨傘，作者變得越來越沮喪，心想自己在這個(gè)城市里不會(huì)取得成功了。make it是固定短語，表示“達(dá)成目標(biāo)，獲得成功，做成某事”。 12．C　句意：然后，我目睹了最美麗、最短暫的時(shí)刻。根據(jù)下文介紹的一對(duì)夫婦在雨中溜冰的畫面可知，這是作者看到的。recall“召回，回想起”；observe“觀察”；witness“目睹”；realize“認(rèn)識(shí)到”。 13．D　句意：一對(duì)夫婦穿著溜冰鞋，手拉著手，他們溜冰的時(shí)候像是在跳探戈舞。hand in hand“手拉手地”，是固定搭配，故選D項(xiàng)。 14．A　根據(jù)上文的“it started to rain”和“They were all wet”可知，雖然他們身上都被淋濕了，但他們把雨(rain)當(dāng)成是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)和一種浪漫。 15．B　句意：我突然對(duì)在雨中等待感到感激，因?yàn)槿绻以诔鲎廛嚮虻罔F上，我會(huì)完全錯(cuò)過這美景。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是由if引導(dǎo)的對(duì)過去的虛擬句，結(jié)構(gòu)為“if＋主語＋had＋過去分詞，主語＋should/would /could＋have＋過去分詞”，所以選B項(xiàng)。 16．C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者覺得如果乘坐其他交通工具就會(huì)完全錯(cuò)過這一幕，故選C項(xiàng)。exactly“正是，恰好”；instantly“立即，馬上”；entirely“完全地”；suddenly“突然”。 17．B　雖然這是生活中的一件小事，但卻是作者在探索健康和幸福的旅途中的一個(gè)重要時(shí)刻。strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；small“小的”；normal“正常的”；different“不同的”，故選B項(xiàng)。 18．C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者看到的這一幕給了作者力量。humor“幽默”；honesty“誠(chéng)實(shí)，正直”；power“力量”；principle“原則”。 19．D　句意：當(dāng)我改變我的思維模式去做可能的事情，并努力擺脫那些影響我日常行為的自我限制的信念時(shí)，即使是片刻，我都將會(huì)走上一條更健康、更快樂的生活之路。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“即使”。still“仍然”；yet“還，然而”；also“也，而且”；even“即使”。 20．A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“影響(affect)我日常行為的自我限制的信念”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．After his death, his children will certainly carry out his career. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→on　carry on “繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持”。 2．It didnt occur to me he would refuse my invitation. _____________________________________________________ 答案：me后加that　It didnt/doesnt occur to sb. that “某人沒有想到”。 3．If you fail to delivery the goods according to the agreed time, you should be fined. _____________________________________________________ 答案：delivery→deliver　fail to do sth. “沒有做某事”，deliver the goods “送貨”，delivery是名詞。 4．You should refer this matter with our teacher for a decision. _____________________________________________________ 答案：with→to　refer sth. to sb. “把某事交給某人(解決)”。 5．We fear that local students would look down at and bully our children. _____________________________________________________ 答案：at→on/upon　look down on/upon “瞧不起；看不起”。 五、七選五 Ways to get rid of jealousy Jealousy is like a poison. It is difficult to avoid such moments in life. Sometimes, this feeling es from the sensation of envy that we tend to experience when we notice others ＂better＂ lives, appearances, successes, and so on. 　1 　. It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction. Here are some tips to help get rid of jealousy. Be confident. Not all of us are born with confidence. It takes years of practice to find self-assurance. Follow the ‘fake it till you makes it’s method. 　 2 　Day by day, confidence forms. If you feel confident in yourself, you are less likely to feel inferior to others. Don’t pare yourself. parison is the most significant aspect of jealousy. If you are able to avoid paring yourself to others, you will experience a new-found sense of freedom. A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection. 　 3 　We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure. 　 4 　 When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well puts your life into perspective, which is always a plus! A positive spin can be placed on almost anything that you may see as a negative event. There is always a way to find a positive angle. Make a healthy change. Most of us wish to change, especially faced with something that we are forced to accept. However, most of the things that people tend to feel jealous about can in fact change in a healthy way. If you feel jealous of someone else’s acplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it. 　 5 　 A. Act positively. B. Think positively. C. Jealousy is like a snake. D. Jealousy has the potential to kill happiness . E. Use the feelings of jealousy as motivation to improve yourself. F. If you take it as a part of your routine, it will gradually bee natural to you. G. Use your weakness as a learning experience, rather than as a chance to make you feel bad. 【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了嫉妒對(duì)人們的危害，并給人們提出了擺脫嫉妒的三點(diǎn)建議。 1.D 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂Jealousy is like a poison.＂及空后的＂It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction.＂可知嫉妒就像毒藥，它會(huì)毀掉關(guān)系、友誼和滿足感，故此處應(yīng)指嫉妒有扼殺幸福的潛在力量。故選D。 3.G 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection.＂（通過重視不完美是一個(gè)很好的方法）及空后＂We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure.＂（整個(gè)一生中，我們都在不斷地成長(zhǎng)和改進(jìn)，這也正是失敗的價(jià)值所在。）可知此處應(yīng)指我們應(yīng)該把我們的不足當(dāng)成一種學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷，而不是讓它成為讓我們感覺糟糕的因素。故選G。 4.B 【解析】根據(jù)段落中的＂When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well…＂（當(dāng)你感覺郁悶時(shí)，讓自己想一想自己身上積極的品質(zhì)?；貞浺幌履闵瞄L(zhǎng)的事情……）可知，本段的主題應(yīng)是思想要積極。故選B。 5.E 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂If you feel jealous of someone else’s acplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it.＂（如果你對(duì)別人的成績(jī)感到嫉妒時(shí)，要把它作為更加努力地工作去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己目標(biāo)的動(dòng)力。只要記住，如果你想要的改變是健康的，那就去做它。）可知，此處應(yīng)指我們應(yīng)該把嫉妒感當(dāng)成自我發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。故選E。