4座微型客貨兩用車(chē)
4座微型客貨兩用車(chē),微型,客貨兩用車(chē)
車(chē)輛與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)
4座微型客貨兩用車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)（總體設(shè)計(jì)）
摘 要
隨著汽車(chē)時(shí)代的到來(lái),汽車(chē)走進(jìn)千家萬(wàn)戶,汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)水平直接關(guān)系著產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng),可以說(shuō)汽車(chē)大廠能立足于劇烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的當(dāng)今國(guó)際風(fēng)云變幻中無(wú)外乎有兩件法寶,其一,依靠強(qiáng)大的銷(xiāo)售隊(duì)伍,對(duì)國(guó)外汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行分割,以資金吃掉資金來(lái)?yè)Q得一席之地。其二則以創(chuàng)新的設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)生產(chǎn)來(lái)滿足日益苛刻的市場(chǎng)需求。后者尤為重要！
自我接受到畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)開(kāi)始，我查閱過(guò)河多相關(guān)的期刊資料，選定了參考車(chē)型為長(zhǎng)安系列貨車(chē)和昌河雙排為我的參考車(chē)型。這些車(chē)型是市面上比較流行的產(chǎn)品，市場(chǎng)占有率高，通過(guò)分析任務(wù)書(shū)的設(shè)計(jì)要求，結(jié)合現(xiàn)在有的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)以及市場(chǎng)行情。確定傳動(dòng)系的布置方案為前置后屈，我設(shè)計(jì)的外形一定程度上參考了長(zhǎng)安系列貨車(chē)的外形，具有流線的動(dòng)態(tài)美。運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)風(fēng)阻系數(shù)小，經(jīng)濟(jì)性能好。
微型車(chē)較之其他乘用車(chē)，具有體積小重量輕，機(jī)動(dòng)性能好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)估算各種總成總質(zhì)量之和低于2噸，一定程度上保證了汽車(chē)的輕量化要求，但是汽車(chē)的軸距并沒(méi)有縮小，其長(zhǎng)達(dá)2.5m，這樣使得乘員有著很好的乘坐舒適性，經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格的計(jì)算和認(rèn)真的校核本車(chē)的動(dòng)力性能其結(jié)果還不錯(cuò)，爬坡度接近30%，在城市城市環(huán)境使用毫無(wú)問(wèn)題，非常實(shí)用。
關(guān)鍵詞：微型車(chē)， 底盤(pán) ， 車(chē)身，總布置
THE DESIGN OF 4 SEATS MINI DUAL-USE CAR
(LAYOUT)
ABSTRACT
With the advent of the era car, car went into every household, automotive design standards directly related to the products in the market, the auto maker can be said to the fierce competition based on the current international situation in the Wu Waihu have two magic weapons, one And rely on a strong sales force, the foreign car market segmentation, to devour capital funds to exchange for a place. Second, while innovative design to production to meet the increasingly demanding needs of the market. The latter is particularly important!
Self-graduate design received the mandate, I reviewed journals related to cross the river more information, reference model has been selected for the Changan Series trucks and Changhe double for my reference model. These models are available in the market more popular products, market share, through analysis of the tasks of the design requirements, with some production technology, and now in Indonesia. Transmission determine the layout of the programme for the front after the enemy, I design the shape of the reference to a certain extent, the shape Changan Series trucks, with the dynamic flow of the United States. Drag coefficient on the sport, good economic performance.
Mini-vehicles other than passenger cars, a small light weight, good mobility and other advantages. The car design estimate the total mass of all kinds of assembly and less than two tons, to some extent, guarantee the lightweight requirements of the automobile, but the car did not narrow wheelbase, its up to 2.5 m, this makes a very good crew Comfort, after careful calculation and strict checking the car's dynamic performance of the results were good, climbing nearly 30 percent of the city to use urban environment there is no problem, very practical.
Key words: mini-cars, chassis, body, the general layout
符 號(hào) 說(shuō) 明
VI
Ga 汽車(chē)總重, kg
G拖 汽車(chē)拖掛總重, kg
G自 汽車(chē)自重, kg
G載 汽車(chē)載重, kg
Ft 驅(qū)動(dòng)力（牽引力）, N
Ff 滾動(dòng)阻力, N
Fw 空氣阻力, N
Fi 上坡阻力, N
Fj 加速阻力, N
F附 附著力, N
V 汽車(chē)車(chē)速, km/h
Vmax 最高車(chē)速, km/h
ne 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)數(shù), r/min
nN 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最大功率時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速, r/min
nmin 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最低穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)速, r/min
Pe 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率,KW
Ttq 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)扭矩, N?m
r滾 輪胎滾動(dòng)半徑, m
Rmin 最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑 , m
Uamin 汽車(chē)最低穩(wěn)定車(chē)速, km/h
L 軸距, m
h重 汽車(chē)重心高, m
L1 汽車(chē)重心至前軸距離, m
L2 汽車(chē)重心至后軸距離, m
Z1 行駛時(shí)的前軸負(fù)荷, kg
Z2 行駛時(shí)的后軸負(fù)荷, kg
B 前輪輪距, m
H總 汽車(chē)總高, m
A 汽車(chē)正面面積, m2
amax 最大加速度, m?s-2
Pf 滾動(dòng)阻力功率, kW
Pw 空氣阻力功率, kW
Pi 坡度阻力功率, kW
Pj 加速阻力功率, kW
m1 前軸重量轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)
m2 后軸重量轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)
Φ 路面附著系數(shù)
F 滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)
I 坡度阻力系數(shù)（坡度）
Ψ 道路阻力系數(shù)
α 坡道角
i0 主傳動(dòng)比
ig 變速器傳動(dòng)比
ip 分動(dòng)器傳動(dòng)比
i? 傳動(dòng)系總傳動(dòng)比
Η 傳動(dòng)系傳動(dòng)效率
V 回轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì)量換算系數(shù)
D 動(dòng)力因數(shù)
目 錄
第一章 前 言…………………………………………………………1
第二章 總體布置方案………………………………………………2
§2.1 概述…………………………………………………3
§2.2 方案的分析和確定…………………………………4
§2.2.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)………………………………………4
§2.2.2 設(shè)計(jì)要求………………………………………4
§2.2.3 基本要求………………………………………4
§2.3 汽車(chē)傳動(dòng)形式的選擇………………………………5
第三章主要參數(shù)的選擇………………………………… 10
§3.1 汽車(chē)主要尺寸的確定………………………………10
§3.2 汽車(chē)質(zhì)量參數(shù)的確定 …………………………… 12
§3.3 汽車(chē)性能參數(shù)的確定(初取) …………………… 15
§3.4 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能參數(shù)的確定 ………………………… 19
§3.4.1發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最大功率和相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)速 ……………… 19
§3.4.2發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的懸置與安裝 ……………………… 20
§3.5汽車(chē)輪胎的選擇…………………………………… 21 第四章 汽車(chē)的總體布置…………………………………… 23
§4.1 汽車(chē)的總布置草圖 ……………………………… 23
§4.2 各部件的布置 …………………………………… 23
§4.3 汽車(chē)的傳動(dòng)速比的確定 ………………………… 28
§4.3.1主減速器傳動(dòng)比i0的確定………………… 28
§4.3.2變速器1檔傳動(dòng)比的確定……………………29
§4.3.3變速器個(gè)檔速比的分配.……………………30
第五章 汽車(chē)總布置的計(jì)算 …………………………… 31
§5.1 JL465Q型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的參數(shù)性能 ………………… 31
§5.2 汽車(chē)行駛阻力計(jì)算 ……………………………… 32
§5.2.1滾動(dòng)阻力Ff ………………………………… 32
§5.2.2空氣阻力 Fw ……………………………… 32
§5.3 各檔車(chē)速Ua計(jì)算………………………………… 33
§5.4 驅(qū)動(dòng)力的計(jì)算 …………………………………… 34
§5.5 驅(qū)動(dòng)力行使阻力平衡圖 ………………………… 35
§5.6 確定汽車(chē)的最高車(chē)速 …………………………… 36
§5.7 動(dòng)力因素D0和動(dòng)力特性 ………………………… 37
§5.8 汽車(chē)加速能力的確定 …………………………… 38
§5.8.1汽車(chē)各檔加速度計(jì)算 ……………………… 38
§5.8.2加速阻力 Fj計(jì)算…………………………… 40
§5.8.3加速時(shí)間 ………………………………… 40
§5.9 汽車(chē)的上坡能力的確定 ………………………… 41
§5.10軸荷轉(zhuǎn)移計(jì)算 …………………………………… 42
第六章 轉(zhuǎn)向輪運(yùn)動(dòng)干涉校核 ………………………… 43第七章 結(jié)論 ………………………………………………44
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………… 45
致 謝……………………………………………………… 46
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