（新課改）2020高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 4 Earthquakes學(xué)案（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Unit 4 Earthquakes (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．earthquake n．[縱聯(lián)1]　　 　 地震 2．crack n. 裂縫；噼啪聲 vt.&vi. (使)開(kāi)裂；破裂 3．smelly adj. 發(fā)臭的；有臭味的 4．farmyard n. 農(nóng)場(chǎng)；農(nóng)家 5．cyclist n. 騎自行車的人 6．canal n．[縱聯(lián)2] 運(yùn)河；水道 7．steam n. 蒸汽；水汽 8．dirt n. 污垢；泥土 9．extreme adj. 極度的 10．survivor n. 幸存者；生還者；殘存物 11．track n. 軌道；足跡；痕跡 12．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處 13．reporter n. 記者 14．outline n. 要點(diǎn)；大綱；輪廓 15．headline n. 報(bào)刊的大字標(biāo)題 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫其形 1．burst vi. 爆裂；爆發(fā) n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā) 2．event n. 事件；大事 3．ruin n. 廢墟；毀滅 vt. 毀滅； 使破產(chǎn) 4．suffering n. 苦難；痛苦 5．destroy vt. 破壞；毀壞；消滅 6．useless adj. 無(wú)用的；無(wú)效的；無(wú)益的 7．rescue n．&vt. 援救；營(yíng)救 8．trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境 9．electricity n．[縱聯(lián)3] 電；電流；電學(xué) 10．disaster n. 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍 11．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏 12．title n. 標(biāo)題；頭銜；資格 13．damage n．&vt. 損失；損害 14．judge n. 裁判員；法官 vt. 斷定；判斷；判決 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．nation n．民族；國(guó)家；國(guó)民→national adj.民族的；國(guó)家的；國(guó)民的→nationality n．國(guó)籍 2．shock vt.& vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng) n．休克；打擊；震驚→shocking adj.令人震驚的→shocked adj.感到震驚的[縱聯(lián)4] 3．injure vt.損害；傷害→injury n．傷害；損害→injured adj.受傷的 4．express vt.表示；表達(dá) n．快車；速遞→expression n．表達(dá)；表情 5．frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening adj.令人恐懼的 6．congratulation n．祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞→congratulate vt.祝賀 7．sincerely adv.真誠(chéng)地；真摯地→sincere adj.真誠(chéng)的；真摯的[縱聯(lián)5] 縱聯(lián)1.盤點(diǎn)合成名詞(n.＋n.) ①earthquake地震 ②bookmark書簽 ③basketball籃球 ④website網(wǎng)站 ⑤homework家庭作業(yè) ⑥teamwork合作 縱聯(lián)2.由canal帶你去暢游 ①strait n．海峽 ②reservoir n．水庫(kù) ③pool n．池塘 ④ocean n．海洋 ⑤stream n．小溪 ⑥channel n．海峽 縱聯(lián)3.“adj.＋ity→n.”薈萃 ①electric→electricity 電；電流；電學(xué) ②popular→popularity 受歡迎；流行 ③real→reality 現(xiàn)實(shí) ④similar→similarity 相似點(diǎn) ⑤secure→security 安全 ⑥equal→equality 平等 ⑦major→majority 大多數(shù) 縱聯(lián)4.“ing/ed”結(jié)尾的形容詞聚焦 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ 縱聯(lián)5.讓人佩服的“真誠(chéng)；誠(chéng)實(shí)”品質(zhì) ①sincere adj. 真誠(chéng)的 sincerely adv. 真誠(chéng)地 ②genuine adj. 真誠(chéng)的；真心的 genuinely adv. 真誠(chéng)地；誠(chéng)實(shí)地 ③hearty adj. 親切的；熱誠(chéng)的 heartfelt adj. 真誠(chéng)的；衷心的 ④honest adj. 誠(chéng)實(shí)的；正直的 honesty n. 誠(chéng)實(shí)；正直；坦誠(chéng) 單元話題——自然災(zāi)害 子話題1　各種自然災(zāi)害 ①flood n．洪水 ②hurricane n．颶風(fēng) ③sandstorm n．沙塵暴 ④typhoon n．臺(tái)風(fēng) ⑤volcano n．火山 ⑥snowstorm n．暴風(fēng)雪 ⑦tornado n．龍卷風(fēng) ⑧tsunami n．海嘯 ⑨landslide n．山體滑坡 ⑩drought n．旱災(zāi)；干旱 子話題2　造成的危害 ①terrify vt.使恐懼；使驚嚇 ②ash n．灰；灰末 ③victim n. 受害者 ④catastrophe n. 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍 ⑤radioactive adj. 放射性的 ⑥panic n．&vi.驚慌；恐慌 ⑦muddy adj. 泥濘的 ⑧l(xiāng)ava n．熔巖；巖漿 ⑨melt vi.融化 ⑩tidal adj.潮汐的；有漲落的 ?worsen vi.(使)惡化 ?fierce adj.狂暴的；惡劣的 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2016北京高考閱讀B)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in __?__ (ruin). Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her, people were suffering?， especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged? that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. ①用ruin的適當(dāng)形式填空：ruins ②寫出suffer在本單元中的同根名詞：suffering_ ③寫出damage在本單元的近義詞：_destroy;_damage的復(fù)數(shù)形式damages意為賠償金 2．(2012陜西高考完形填空)When she opened her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her, the girl said, “you __?__ (rescue) me, Laddy，” and she kissed him several times. Seeing their daughter and dog ing back, the parents burst __?__ tears of relief?. That night Laddy had a hero’s supper: a huge meal of steak. ①用rescue的正確形式填空：rescued ②在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~：into ③寫出relief在本單元的反義詞：_shock_ 3．(2010江西高考完形填空)When Alice started to cycle? home from Jenny’s house, she wasn’t nervous. She was certainly not afraid? of the dark. Besides, it was only a 15minute ride home. But halfway there, she began to wish that she hadn’t been so brave. ①寫出cycle在本單元中的同根名詞：cyclist;_cycle作為動(dòng)詞意為“騎車；循環(huán)”，recycle意為循環(huán)利用 ②寫出afraid在本單元的同義詞：_frightened_ 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2014北京高考書面表達(dá))但現(xiàn)在，由于我的左腳在足球比賽中受傷了，所以我不能按計(jì)劃和你一起去。我寫信真誠(chéng)地向你表達(dá)我的歉意。(injure, express, sincerely) But_now,_because_my_left_foot_was_injured_in_the_football_game,_I_cannot_go_with_you_as_planned._I’m_writing_to_sincerely_express_my_apology_to_you. 2．(2014湖南高考寫作)當(dāng)一個(gè)心懷惡意的人攻擊我們的時(shí)候，我們不會(huì)感到害怕，因?yàn)槲覀兛梢噪姄羲瑥亩与x危險(xiǎn)。(frightened, shock) When_a_man_with_an_evil_intention_attacks_us,_we_won’t_feel_frightened_because_we_can_give_him_an_electric_shock_and_escape_from_danger. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 1．burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆發(fā)n.突然破裂；爆發(fā) [記牢] burst in/into　　　　　　 闖入；突然破門而入 突然哭起來(lái)/笑起來(lái) burst with anger 勃然大怒 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry. ②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry. 一句多譯 看到她的同學(xué)因?yàn)樗挠薮厘e(cuò)誤哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起來(lái)。 ③Seeing her classmates burst_out_laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_out_crying. (burst out) ④Seeing her classmates burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_into_tears. (burst into) [用準(zhǔn)]　短語(yǔ)burst in中的in是副詞，后面不接賓語(yǔ)；而burst into中的into是介詞，后面應(yīng)接賓語(yǔ)。 [寫美]　翻譯句子 ⑤聽(tīng)到這，全班哄堂大笑，我同桌的臉變紅了。 Hearing_this,_the_whole_class_burst_into_laughter/burst_out_laughing_and_my_deskmate’s_face_turned_red. 2．ruin n．[U]毀滅；毀壞；崩潰；[常用復(fù)數(shù)]廢墟；遺跡vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)；成為廢墟 [記牢] (1)lie/be in ruins　　　　 成為廢墟 be reduced to ruins 淪為廢墟 (2)ruin oneself 毀掉自己；自取滅亡 ruin one’s health/fame/future 毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)/前途 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now pletely in ruins. ②Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look. 一句多譯 他犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，這讓他失去了出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。 ③ He made a mistake, which_ruined_his_chance_of_going_abroad.(定語(yǔ)從句) ④He made a mistake, ruining_his_chance_of_going_abroad.(分詞作狀語(yǔ)) [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ⑤無(wú)論一個(gè)牌子多有名氣，一旦辜負(fù)了消費(fèi)者的信任它就有可能會(huì)毀滅。 No matter how famous a brand is, it can_be_in_ruins_once it betrays the trust of consumers. 3．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；隱藏；使專心 [記牢] (1)　　　　　　　 埋頭于；專心于 (2)bury one’s face in one’s hands 雙手掩面 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn’t aware that all the others had left. ②Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping. 句式升級(jí) He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading. →③He_sat_at_a_wooden_table,_buried_in_reading.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)) →④He_sat_at_a_wooden_table,_burying_himself_in_reading. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)) [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ⑤(2017天津高考書面表達(dá))雖然這些天我埋頭讀書，但我還是加入了幾個(gè)學(xué)生俱樂(lè)部以提高自己。 Though_buried_in_books_these_days,_I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself. [聯(lián)想]　表示“專心于；致力于”的短語(yǔ)還有： ①be absorbed/engaged in　　　 ②be devoted to ③be lost in ④focus on ⑤fix/concentrate one’s attention on 4．judge n．裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決 [記牢] (1)judge ...from/by ...　 從……來(lái)判斷…… as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為 (2)judging by/from 從……來(lái)看；根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①As the old saying goes, “You can’t judge a book by/from its cover.” ②Judging (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people in the club yet. [用準(zhǔn)]　judging from/by表示“從……來(lái)看；根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷”，用在句首時(shí)為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)的影響。 [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ③(2017江蘇高考書面表達(dá))我認(rèn)為，電影市場(chǎng)在不久的將來(lái)會(huì)低迷。 As_far_as_I_can_judge,_the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. [詞匯過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．His house was destroyed (破壞) in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one. 2．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue (營(yíng)救) team to look for them. 3．With so many miners buried (掩埋) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest. 4．A water pipe burst (爆裂) and the entire apartment was flooded. 5．Too much drinking will do damage (損害) to your health; you should take the doctor’s advice. 6．It is useless (無(wú)用的) discussing the matter with him. He won’t change his mind. 7．The first thing he did was to find shelter (掩蔽處) from the freezing wind and snow. 8．It was the second air disaster (災(zāi)難) in the region in less than two months. Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Her family was extremely (extreme) poor and all she had was one pair of shoes. 2．Her astonished expression(express) suggested that she hadn’t expected that result. 3．Don’t forget to praise them sincerely (sincere) when someone does something good. 4．On arriving there, we expressed our congratulations (congratulate) to him on his success. 5．Trapped (trap) in the ruins, the girl still wore a smile, waiting to be rescued. 6．Seeing the frightening (frighten) scene, the boy began to cry. 7．What the newspaper reported did a great injury to her fame. 8．A large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the buildings. Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．他看了一眼映照在鏡子里的自己的臉，突然大笑起來(lái)。(burst out) He looked at his face reflected in the mirror, bursting_out_laughing. 2．從觀眾的反應(yīng)看來(lái)，這次演出相當(dāng)成功。(judge) Judging_from_the_response_of_the_audience,_the performance was quite a success. 3．三天后火被撲滅了，大約500個(gè)街區(qū)夷為平地。(ruin) Three days later, the fire was put out and some 500 blocks_lay/were_in_ruins. 4．Because he was buried in his books, he didnt know it was raining outside. ①Burying_himself_in_his_books,_he didnt know it was raining outside.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)) ②Buried_in_his_books,_he didnt know it was raining outside.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)) Ⅳ.語(yǔ)境辨義 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出shock的詞性和詞義 (A)n.令人震驚的事　　　　　　(B)n.休克 (C)vt.使觸電 (D)vt.使震驚 1．Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked.__C__ 2．It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.__D__ 3．Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock.__B__ 4．It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart.__A__ (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．right_away　　　　　[串記1] 立刻；馬上 2．think_little/nothing_of [串記2] 認(rèn)為……沒(méi)什么 3．a(chǎn)t_an_end_ 結(jié)束；終結(jié) 4．in_ruins 嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪 5．dig_out 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn) 6．a(chǎn)_(great)_number_of 許多；大量的 7．be_proud_of 以……而自豪 8．tens_of_thousands_of 數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的 9．too_..._to_... 太……而不能…… 10．lose_one’s_life 失去生命 [同根短語(yǔ)串記](méi) 串記1.“立刻；馬上”來(lái)集合 ①right away ②right now ③at once ④in no time ⑤immediately ⑥in an instant 串記2.“think＋adv.＋of”短語(yǔ)掃描 ①think little of 認(rèn)為……沒(méi)什么 ②think highly of 重視；看得起 ③think well of 重視 ④think poorly of 輕視 ⑤think badly of 認(rèn)為……不好 1．look for places to_hide 找地方藏身 2．jump_out of 從……往外跳 3._later_that afternoon 在那天下午晚些時(shí)候 4．cut across 穿過(guò)；貫穿；抄近路 5．on that special day 在那個(gè)特殊的日子 6．wake up 叫醒 1．It_seemed_as_if_the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！ 2．Thousands of families were killed and many children_were_left_without_parents. 成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭遇難，許多孩子變成了孤兒。 3．Everywhere_they_looked nearly everything was destroyed.人們無(wú)論朝哪里看，哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。 4．All hope was not lost.并非所有的希望都破滅了。 5．The man was_sleeping_downstairs_when the earthquake happened.那個(gè)人正在樓下睡覺(jué)，突然發(fā)生了地震。 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　完形中的短語(yǔ)(補(bǔ)全句子) 1．(2018浙江高考完形填空)By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it right_away (馬上). 2．(2011廣東高考完形填空)I observed a_number_of (許多) intelligent children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a regular class. 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的短語(yǔ)和句式(補(bǔ)全句子) 1．(2016北京高考書面表達(dá))我們?yōu)樽约焊械津湴粒嘈盼覀兛梢詾楦篮玫氖澜缱龈嗟氖隆?proud) We_are_proud_of_ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world. 2．(2014福建高考書面表達(dá))這輛自行車似乎太重了，很難控制。更糟糕的是，我從自行車上摔下來(lái)很多次。(too ...to ...) The bike seemed too_heavy_and_difficult_to_control. Worse still, I took many falls off the bike. 3．(2014山東高考寫作)這句諺語(yǔ)提醒了我，通往成功的道路并不總是一帆風(fēng)順。 (部分否定) The proverb reminded me that the path to success was_not_always_smooth. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 [短語(yǔ)集釋] 1．a(chǎn)t an end結(jié)束；終結(jié) [記牢] (1)at the end of　　　　　 在……盡頭；在……末端 by the end of 到……結(jié)束時(shí)；到……時(shí)候?yàn)? 止(常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用) in the end 最后；終于 使……結(jié)束 e to an end 完成；結(jié)束 [練通] 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 The meeting was at an end and he set down many key points. →①The_meeting_came_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(e) →②We_brought_the_meeting_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(bring) →③We_put_an_end_to_the_meeting/We_put_the_meeting_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(put) 補(bǔ)全句子 ④You should add your name at_the_end_of_the_report. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)在報(bào)告的末尾添加上你的名字。 [寫美]　升級(jí)句中加彩詞匯 ⑤(2015廣東高考寫作)The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.Finally they will bee active learners rather than passive ones. In_the_end 2．a(chǎn) (great) number of許多；大量的 [記牢] ＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) (2)the number of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ) ＋不可數(shù)名詞 ＋ [練通] 對(duì)比填空(a number of, the number of) ①In China, _the_number_of cities is increasing whose development is recognized across the world. ②As China develops fast and steadily, a_number_of foreigners are learning Chinese as a second language. 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ③Large amounts of money are_spent (spend) on advertisements every year. ④With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed_(wash) away. [用準(zhǔn)]　“l(fā)arge quantities/amounts of＋n.”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，而“a large quantity/amount of＋n.”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ⑤我聽(tīng)說(shuō)我們學(xué)校的圖書館正計(jì)劃購(gòu)置一批新書，所以我寫信推薦一些書。 I’ve heard that our school library is_planning_to_buy_a_number_of_new_books,_so I am writing to remend some books. [句式集釋] 1．a(chǎn)s if (＝as though)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句 [教材原句]　It seemed as_if the world was at an end! [悟拓展例句] (1)Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going_to_move. 快點(diǎn)！看起來(lái)火車要開(kāi)了。 (2)The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were (be) their own mother. [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)如果as if所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的情況時(shí)，句子要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 (2)當(dāng)說(shuō)話人所陳述的是不真實(shí)的或極少發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣： ①?gòu)木溆靡话氵^(guò)去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反) ②從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反) ③從句用would/could/might do形式(與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反) 注意事項(xiàng) as though/if引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，且含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞常常可以省略。例如：Tom raised his right hand as if (Tom was) to say something.湯姆舉起右手好像要說(shuō)些什么。 [背寫作佳句] (1)Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if they had just happened.(要點(diǎn)句) (2)It’s very warm today. It seems as if it were spring already.(要點(diǎn)句) 2．部分否定 [教材原句]　All hope was not lost. [悟拓展例句] (1)It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them aren’t fit for the jobs. ＝It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them_are fit for the jobs. (2)Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it. [諺]世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。 [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)英語(yǔ)中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, pletely, always, whole, entirely 等與否定詞not連用，無(wú)論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非……都”的意思。 (2)英語(yǔ)中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語(yǔ)一起使用構(gòu)成“全部否定”。 注意事項(xiàng) 在英語(yǔ)中常可見(jiàn)到一些形式上否定而意義上則表肯定的句子。如：cannot ...too [背寫作佳句] (1)A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time.(開(kāi)頭句) (2)(2018浙江高考寫作)Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing seemed better than that.(要點(diǎn)句) [詞塊、句式過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.選詞填空 lose one’s life， in ruins， a number of， right away， dig out， think little of， at an end， be proud of 1．Having consulted a_number_of_books about the subject in the library, he went into the room, ready to give the audience a wonderful speech. 2．You don’t look well. You’d better go and see a doctor right_away. 3．As the farmer ploughed the field, he dug_out a pot of jewelry. 4．My holiday is at_an_end and I must go back to work tomorrow. 5．You have every reason to be_proud_of your country and nation. 6．We went to see the woman whose husband lost_his_life in the earthquake. 7．The guy is always making phone calls to her, but she_thinks_little_of_him. 8．The strong earthquake left the city in_ruins merely in several seconds. Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．All body language doesn’t mean the same thing in different countries, such as nodding. (變?yōu)橥x句) →Not_all_body_language_means_the_same_thing_in_different_countries,_such as nodding. 2．Not all of them were allowed to go there. (變?yōu)槿糠穸? →None_of_them were allowed to go there. 3．The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.(狀語(yǔ)從句的省略) →The old man was lying on the ground as if badly_hurt. Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文分步寫作 假定你是李華，你從電視新聞上得知你的美國(guó)朋友湯姆所在的城市發(fā)生了地震。請(qǐng)你給湯姆寫一封信，內(nèi)容包括： 1．對(duì)朋友湯姆及其家人表示關(guān)切； 2．得知該地震造成的后果感到很難過(guò)； 3．詢問(wèn)湯姆及其家人是否安好； 4．愿意提供幫助。 注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點(diǎn) 1．審題：①文體：普通信件　②人稱：主要是第一、二人稱 ③時(shí)態(tài)：主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí) 2．?dāng)M點(diǎn)：通過(guò)研讀題目，根據(jù)寫作背景介紹和內(nèi)容要求可以從以下三個(gè)方面來(lái)寫作。 ①開(kāi)頭：得知地震消息并表達(dá)對(duì)朋友的關(guān)切之情。 ②主體：表明得知該地震后的心情；詢問(wèn)湯姆及其家人的目前狀況并表達(dá)希望。 ③結(jié)尾：愿意提供幫助。 要點(diǎn)1：我得知你們城市發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)可怕的地震。我真的很擔(dān)心你和你的家人。 I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family. 要點(diǎn)2－①：聽(tīng)到這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難我感到很難過(guò)。 Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster. 要點(diǎn)2－②：請(qǐng)告訴我你現(xiàn)在的生活是什么樣的。 Please_tell_me_what_your_life_is_like_now. 要點(diǎn)2－③：我希望你的家人都沒(méi)有受傷。 I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_were_injured. 要點(diǎn)3：如果你需要幫助，請(qǐng)讓我知道。 If_you_need_any_help,_please_let_me_know. 第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達(dá)更亮眼 為了使行文連貫、滿足詞數(shù)要求，使句子更豐滿，我們需要添加細(xì)節(jié)或使用一些高級(jí)表達(dá)以增加亮點(diǎn)。例如： 1．在要點(diǎn)1中添加時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“當(dāng)我觀看電視新聞時(shí)”； 2．對(duì)于要點(diǎn)2－①，可增加地震導(dǎo)致的后果(幾乎一切都被毀了)。 拓展要點(diǎn)1：當(dāng)我觀看電視新聞時(shí)得知你們城市發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)可怕的地震。我真的很擔(dān)心你和你的家人。 (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句) When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family. 拓展要點(diǎn)2－①：聽(tīng)到這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難我感到很難過(guò)，在這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難中幾乎一切都被毀了。 (定語(yǔ)從句) Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster,__in_which_nearly_everything_was_destroyed. 第三步：連句成文，排語(yǔ)句順序，重銜接過(guò)渡 本寫作采用三段式結(jié)構(gòu)組織全文?？捎谩癏ow are you doing？”開(kāi)頭，用“whats more”作好要點(diǎn)2中的銜接過(guò)渡，結(jié)尾補(bǔ)充“Best wishes！”表達(dá)美好祝愿。 Dear_Tom， How_are_you_doing?_When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city._I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family. Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster,_in_which_nearly_everything_was_destroyed._Please_tell_me_what_your_life_is_like_now._Whats_more,_I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_were_injured. If_you_need_any_help,_please_let_me_know._Best_wishes! Yours_sincerely， Li_Hua 理清文體結(jié)構(gòu)之(四)　應(yīng)用文之通知通告——抓標(biāo)題及四大要素，比對(duì)定答案 通知通告類應(yīng)用文結(jié)構(gòu)比較單一，但是信息含量豐富。通知常含有一個(gè)主標(biāo)題，點(diǎn)明通知類型等相關(guān)信息，正文常常涵蓋通知內(nèi)容、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及人物四大要素，文章結(jié)尾常常帶有一些特別提示。解答此類應(yīng)用文的關(guān)鍵在于抓住命題敏感點(diǎn)即標(biāo)題及文中四要素，然后迅速瀏覽題干，找出題眼，再到文章中尋找與之相關(guān)的要素，進(jìn)而比對(duì)信息得出答案。 [抓標(biāo)題及四大要素] [高考典例]　2015全國(guó)卷ⅠA篇 [讀文解題技法] 主標(biāo)題表明通知類型及地點(diǎn) 　 ? 副標(biāo)題：時(shí)間1 　　 　內(nèi)容1　? 　　 副標(biāo)題：時(shí)間2 　　 　內(nèi)容2　? 　　 副標(biāo)題：時(shí)間3 　　 　內(nèi)容3　? 　　 副標(biāo)題：時(shí)間4 　　 　內(nèi)容4　? 　　 　　具體聯(lián)系方式? Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21：00. November 7th The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”． December 5th Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew. February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play. March 6th Eyots and Aits — Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest. Online bookings: .canalmuseum.org.uk/book More info: .canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson London Canal Museum 1213 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT .canalmuseum.org.uk　.canalmuseum.mobi Tel: 020 7713 0836 1.看主標(biāo)題知通知類型 由主標(biāo)題得知英國(guó)的London Canal Museum要舉行monthly talks。 2.讀首段關(guān)注特別點(diǎn) 閱讀首段了解到monthly talks的起始時(shí)間及收費(fèi)情況。 3.覽副標(biāo)題明層次結(jié)構(gòu) 4個(gè)副標(biāo)題為4次monthly talks的舉行時(shí)間。 4.分段速讀標(biāo)要素 每個(gè)副標(biāo)題下涵蓋開(kāi)講時(shí)間、人物和內(nèi)容，標(biāo)出這些要素，為后面解題做好鋪墊。 5.標(biāo)出題眼找對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn) 在題干中找到題眼，并在文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，然后與標(biāo)出的“要素”進(jìn)行比對(duì)，便可得出答案。 [據(jù)題眼比對(duì)定答案] 21. is the talk on ？ A．February 6th.　　　　　 　B．March 6th. C．November 7th. D．December 5th. 22. is the topic of the talk in ？ A．The Canal Pioneers. B．Ice for the Metropolis. C．Eyots and Aits — Thames Islands. D．An Update on the Cotswold Canals. 23. will give the talk on ？ A．Miranda Vickers. B．Malcolm Tucker. C．Chris Lewis. D．Liz Payne. [答案]　21.C　22.D　23.A 21．題眼人物1副標(biāo)題：時(shí)間1，直接得出答案 22．題眼時(shí)間3內(nèi)容3，直接得出答案 23．題眼內(nèi)容4人物4，直接得出答案