2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達標練題 Unit 4 Making the news（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Making the news 一、閱讀理解。 When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they’re usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes are planted under the canopy(樹蔭) of taller trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow fullsun coffee. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production e increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases the local wildlife habitat, because native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者) on the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the fullsun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides(殺蟲劑) are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plants, and then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shadegrown” and “birdfriendly”. Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we’re paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it’s worth it. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇科普說明文，通過拉丁美洲的農(nóng)民種植咖啡作物的事例說明了咖啡作物長在樹下對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要性。 1．Which opinion does the author agree with? A．People should buy fullsun coffee. B．Shadegrown coffee should be supported. C．Farmers should change the places to grow coffee. D．Pesticides should be forbidden in coffee planting. B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的第二句可知，作者支持農(nóng)民種植對鳥類無害的長在樹下的咖啡作物，故B項正確。 2．pared with the traditional method, what advantage does the fullsun method have? A．It can protect the ecosystem. B．It can promote people’s health. C．It can provide more nests for birds. D．It can increase the production of coffee. D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句可知，全陽光照射這種方法能提高咖啡豆的產(chǎn)量，增加利潤，故D項正確。 3．How do farmers get more land to grow fullsun coffee? A．They cut down trees. B．They move to other countries. C．They turn grassland into farmland. D．They buy more land from other farmers. A　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知，農(nóng)民通過砍伐樹林來種植全陽光照射的咖啡作物，故A項正確。 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．It is quite worthwhile to buy shadegrown coffee at any cost. B．Farmers all have realized the importance of protecting the environment now. C．South American farmers are taking action to plant coffee bushes in the traditional way. D．The fullsun method does good to the health of human beings in the long run. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的第一句并結(jié)合第二段的第一句可推知，中南美洲的農(nóng)民意識到了咖啡作物長在樹下的重要性，他們開始改變種植方法，選擇傳統(tǒng)的種植方法，故C項正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．We must concentrate our effort on ________ (find) ways to reduce costs. 答案：finding　concentrate ones effort on ... “集中精力……”，on為介詞，故填動名詞finding。 2．They study hard ________ (acquire) a good knowledge of English. 答案：to acquire　此處不定式在句中作目的狀語。 3．Ill keep you ________ (inform) of the progress made at any time. 答案：informed　keep sb. informed of sth. “通知某人某事/使某人了解某事”。 4．It is difficult ________ (assess) the effects of these changes. 答案：to assess　It is＋adj.＋to do sth. “做某事是……的”。 5．You can never depend on it ________ he can arrive on time. 答案：that　depend on it that “指望/相信……”。 6．—Are you ________ (accuse) me of lying to the headmaster? —Im sure you did. 答案：accusing　accuse sb. of (doing) sth. “指責(zé)/控告某人(做)某事”。本句是一般疑問句，謂語動詞用了現(xiàn)在進行時。 7．All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to ________ (receive) in time for Christmas. 答案：be received　so as to do ... “為了做……”，gifts與receive之間為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填be received。 8．There are cases ________ this rule does not work. 答案：where　若定語從句的先行詞為抽象地點名詞case, stage, point, position, condition等時，且定語從句中缺少地點狀語，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。 9．He left the classroom without the ________ (approve) of the teacher. 答案：approval　由空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞形式，即approval。 10．People demanded that the injured ________ (take) to hospital at once. 答案：(should) be taken　demand意為“要求”，后跟賓語從句時，從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。主語the injured與動詞take之間是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 That was a sunny day.My father and I were on the way __1__ my uncles home.People on the street were walking leisurely and chatting __2__ ，while my father was walking in a hurry.I tried my best to __3__ him.But I was still left behind.I could not understand why he __4__ so fast.Due to the fast speed，I lost my __5__ and was pletely with sweat.Somehow，I began to be angry at him.He always did not think about my__6__. “Why do you walk so fast? Dont you see me behind you？”I said __7__.“You are always like this.Why must you __8__ so loudly？”he said and his face got red right away.In fact，I deliberately spoke loudly and made him angry.“It is your __9__ ！”I shouted at him immediately.“You always like to __10__ others！”he cried out.This made me fall into a rage(憤怒)．Then we __11__ on the street.Whatever he said，I quickly answered back.At that time，I was like a wild beast，losing my temper.Many people stopped to look at us.I was so __12__ that I could feel my face burning，for I saw some people __13__ me，which made me lose face.I touched my face __14__ glared at him.“I will never talk to him，”I said to myself angrily. __15__ could make people forget everything that your beloved had done for you.When I went to college，I still hated him.I did not say anything to him，__16__ I were not his daughter.Always I pretended to plain that I was too__17__ when he called me.However，it was his tears from the wornout__18__ that made me feel guilty when we met.He had given me everything he had，but I could not.__19__ ，I realized that I should not hate him. Now I begin to phone him and ask him to take care of himself.Although sometimes parents will __20__ wrong，they just hope we can be better. 1．A.at　　　　　　　 B．to C．for D．of 2．A.perfectly B．eagerly C．a(chǎn)nxiously D．enjoyably 3．A.make fun of B．catch up with C．make way for D．get rid of 4．A.walked B．ran C．started D．trained 5．A.temper B．confidence C．breath D．balance 6．A.beliefs B．behavior C．feelings D．requests 7．A.calmly B．frequently C．softly D．loudly 8．A.tell B．claim C．read D．speak 9．A.fault B．cruelty C．origin D．business 10．A.enjoy B．a(chǎn)dmire C．blame D．a(chǎn)buse 11．A.fought B．bargained C．consulted D．quarreled 12．A.alarmed B．a(chǎn)fraid C．a(chǎn)shamed D．a(chǎn)mazed 13．A.asking for B．laughing at C．waiting for D．a(chǎn)iming at 14．A.and B．so C．but D．or 15．A.Anger B．Sense C．Care D．Shame 16．A.in case B．a(chǎn)s if C．unless D．a(chǎn)fter 17．A.wrong B．crazy C．busy D．innocent 18．A.arm B．face C．head D．body 19．A.Naturally B．Occasionally C．Obviously D．Gradually 20．A.do B．give C．find D．keep 【解題導(dǎo)語】作者因一件小事和父親在大街上爭吵，致使自己顏面盡失，于是下定決心不再與父親說話。但隨著歲月的流逝，作者意識到是憤怒讓自己忘記了自己最愛的人為自己所做的一切，于是逐漸改變了自己對父親的態(tài)度。 1．B　根據(jù)語境可知，作者與父親是在去叔叔家的路上。on the way to...意為“在去……的路上”，符合語境。故選B項。 2．D　該句中while表示對比，意為“然而”。此處是說作者和父親走得比較匆忙，而街上的其他人走得比較悠閑，邊走邊開心地(enjoyably)聊著天。故選D項。perfectly意為“完美地”；eagerly意為“急切地”；anxiously意為“焦慮地”。 3．B　從下文的I was still left behind可知，父親走得很快，作者試圖趕上他，但是仍然被落在了后面。catch up with意為“趕上”，符合語境。故選B項。make fun of意為“取笑”；make way for意為“給……讓路”；get rid of意為“擺脫……；除去……”。 4．A　根據(jù)第二段開頭的Why do you walk so fast？可知，此處指作者不知道為什么父親走(walked)得那么快。故選A項。 5．C　根據(jù)空后的pletely with sweat可知，由于走得太快，作者氣喘吁吁、汗流浹背。lose ones breath意為“喘不過氣來”，符合語境。故選C項。temper意為“脾氣”；confidence意為“信心”；balance意為“平衡”。 6．C　根據(jù)上文中的I began to be angry at him可知，作者對父親很生氣，認為他根本不考慮作者的感受(feelings)。故選C項。belief意為“信念”；behavior意為“行為；舉止”；request意為“請求；要求”。 7．D　上文提到作者很生氣，所以說話的聲音應(yīng)該是很大的。根據(jù)第8空后的so loudly也可知答案。故選D項。calmly意為“平靜地”； frequently意為“頻繁地”；softly意為“溫柔地”。 8．D　根據(jù)下文的In fact，I deliberately spoke loudly and...可知，此處指父親埋怨作者說話聲音大。故選D項。 9．A　作者責(zé)怪父親走太快，自己跟不上，因此，此處指作者認為這都是父親的過錯(fault)。故選A項。cruelty意為“殘忍”；origin意為“起源”；business意為“事情；商業(yè)”。 10．C　作者在埋怨父親，而此時父親也非常生氣。因此，父親在說作者總是責(zé)備(blame)別人。故選C項。enjoy意為“喜歡”；admire意為“欣賞”；abuse意為“虐待；濫用”。 11．D　根據(jù)下文Whatever he said，I quickly answered back.At that time, I was like a wild beast，losing my temper.可知，作者大發(fā)脾氣，與父親在大街上吵了起來，所以選quarreled，意為“爭吵”。fight意為“打架”；bargain意為“討價還價”；consult意為“咨詢”。 12．C　根據(jù)空后的I could feel my face burning可知，和父親吵架引來很多路人駐足觀看，作者感覺自己的臉滾燙，因此可推斷，作者感到羞愧(ashamed)。alarmed意為“擔憂的；恐慌的”；afraid意為“害怕的”；amazed意為“驚奇的”。 13．B　由空后的made me lose face可知，作者覺得很丟人，因為看到路人在嘲笑她。laugh at意為“嘲笑”，符合語境。故選B項。ask for意為“請求；要求”；wait for意為“等待”；aim at意為“針對；以……為目標”。 14．A　句意為：我摸了摸我的臉，怒視著他。touched和glared是作者先后做的兩個并列的動作，所以用and連接。 15．A　文中反復(fù)提到angry，通過對與父親吵架的描述可知，此處指生氣能讓人忘記你所愛的人為你做的一切。故選A項。 16．B　設(shè)空后的I were not his daughter為虛擬語氣，作者因怒生恨，吵架后不與父親說話，就好像自己不是父親的女兒似的。as if意為“好像”，符合語境。in case意為“以防”；unless意為“除非”；after意為“在……之后”。 17．C　父親每次打電話時，作者總是抱怨太忙。busy意為“忙碌的”，符合語境。故選C項。wrong意為“錯誤的”；crazy意為“瘋狂的”；innocent意為“無辜的”。 18．B　眼淚應(yīng)該是從臉上流下來，所以選face。句意為：但是，當我們見面時，父親那飽經(jīng)滄桑的臉上流下的淚水使我感到內(nèi)疚。 19．D　根據(jù)空后的I realized that I should not hate him可知，作者越來越理解父親，認識到不應(yīng)該再恨父親，此處強調(diào)的是一個心理逐漸變化的過程。gradually意為“慢慢地；逐漸地”，符合語境。故選D項。naturally意為“自然地”occasionally意為“偶然”；obviously意為“明顯地”。 20．A　盡管有時候父母會做錯事，但是他們希望我們能更好。此處指可能會做錯事，所以選A項。 四、單句改錯 1．Youll be faced with two choices—whether to be fired or not, depend on your performance in the work. ______________________________________________________ 答案：depend→depending　句中已有謂語動詞be faced with且無連詞，故depend應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式。depending on ... 現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作狀語。 2．We had a thoroughly cleaning of our house at the weekend. ______________________________________________________ 答案：thoroughly→thorough　此處需用形容詞thorough來修飾動名詞cleaning，故改為thorough。 3．It is demanded that a doctor must be sent for. ______________________________________________________ 答案：must→should或去掉must　demand后跟賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句時，從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。 4．They are all eager to the chance to be the top ones in the world petition as athletes. ______________________________________________________ 答案：第一個to→for　be eager for sth. “渴望(得到)某物”。 5．Youd better put on a thick sweater in case of it snows. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉of　in case of sth. “如果；假使”；in case＋從句“萬一/以防……；如果/假使……”。根據(jù)從句“it snows”可知應(yīng)用in case，故去掉of。 五、短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 (2018煙臺診斷) Li Ming is a friend of mine.Im glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years before.He got tired so easy that he couldnt take exercise，that made him very upset.Later，he realized unless he went on like that，he would end up achieve nothing.So he made up his minds to make a change.He went running every morning and played the basketball every afternoon.Besides，he followed a diet of more vegetables or less meat.Gradually he began to lose weight.He is now an energetic boy in good health.So when faced with problems，we should overe it with great determination and strong willpower. 【答案】 Li Ming is a friend of mine.Im glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years .He got tired so that he couldnt take exercise， made him very upset.Later，he realized he went on like that，he would end up nothing.So he made up his to make a change.He went running every morning and played basketball every afternoon.Besides，he followed a diet of more vegetables less meat.Gradually he began to lose weight.He is now an energetic boy in good health.So when faced with problems，we should overe with great determination and strong willpower. 第一處：考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)本句的時間狀語“in the past two years”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。故加has。 第二處：考查副詞。根據(jù)句子所使用的一般過去時可知，此處是指兩年前。ago立足現(xiàn)在，表示從現(xiàn)在起的2年前；before立足過去，表示從過去某一時刻起的2年前。此處應(yīng)用ago。 第三處：考查副詞。easy是形容詞，意為“容易的”； easily是副詞，意為“容易地”。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞詞組“got tired”，意為“很容易勞累”。故用easily。 第四處：考查定語從句。根據(jù)句型結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，不能用that引導(dǎo)，所以用which指代前面的整句話；或者在that前加and，構(gòu)成and連接的兩個并列句。故用which/and that。 第五處：考查連詞。unless意為“除非”，相當于if...not；if意為“如果”。根據(jù)句意可知，后來他意識到如果他繼續(xù)那樣，他將什么也不會獲得。故用if。 第六處：考查非謂語動詞。end up doing sth.意為“以做某事而告終”，此處應(yīng)用動名詞。故用achieving。 第七處：考查固定搭配。make up ones mind to do sth.是固定短語，意為“下定決心做某事”，mind的單復(fù)數(shù)由ones決定，因為這里是his，所以用單數(shù)。故用mind。 第八處：考查冠詞。球類名詞前不加冠詞。play basketball意為“打籃球”。故去掉the。 第九處：考查連詞。or意為“或者”，表示選擇；and意為“和”，表示并列。此處“more vegetables”和“l(fā)ess meat”是并列的。故用and。 第十處：考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指代上文中的“problems”，所以用them。