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Unit 21 Human Biology 課時練(一)　閱讀理解組塊專練——練速度 (限時：35分鐘) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019名校原創(chuàng)預(yù)測卷二) Kennedy Space Center Official Guide App Download the Kennedy Space Center Official Guide and start your journey! The official Kennedy Space Center app is the necessary guide to planning and customizing your visit to the Greatest Space Adventure on Earth! Use the favorites list to create your own guided tour and find your way around the visitor plex with GPSenabled map navigation (導(dǎo)航). Find additional information including hours of operation, where to shop, where to eat and the nearest restrooms. Learn about attractions, tours, astronaut appearances and shows. Opt for notice updates that include rocket launch (發(fā)射) viewing information, events and more. ?Kennedy Space Center Official Guide App is available for free in both the App Store and Google Play. ?Plan your trip with features such as maps, and detailed descriptions of shows and attractions. ?Improve your visit with information on guest services, dining and shopping, rocket launches. ?Use the wayfinding maps to plan your way around the visitor plex and the Apollo/Saturn V Center. ?Easily check the hours of operation and current weather on the home screen. ?Keep all your planned activities organized in your Favorites folder in the navigation. ?Free WiFi is available throughout the visitor plex. KSC, short for Kennedy Space Center, is a working spaceflight place. As a result, all tours and times are subject to change without notice. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了一款官方的肯尼迪航天中心應(yīng)用軟件。 1．What can people do with the app? A．Watch rocket launches online. B．municate with astronauts. C．Design personal tours of KSC. D．Book admission tickets to KSC. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The official Kennedy Space Center app is the necessary guide to planning and customizing your visit to the Greatest Space Adventure on Earth”和第二段中的“Use the favorites list to create your own guided tour”可知，使用該應(yīng)用軟件，人們可以自己安排在肯尼迪航天中心的游覽。故選C。 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．KSCs architectural structure is very plex. B．Visitors “adventure” may be interrupted halfway. C．Detailed plans should be made before visiting KSC. D．Only the visitor plex can be accessed by visitors. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“... Kennedy Space Center, is a working spaceflight place. As a result, all tours and times are subject to change without notice”可知，肯尼迪航天中心是個正在運行的航天器發(fā)射地。因此，所有的游覽活動和游覽時間都可能會在毫無通知的情況下發(fā)生改變。由此可推知，游客在肯尼迪航天中心的“冒險經(jīng)歷”有可能會中途停止。故選B。 3．Whats the purpose of this passage? A．To donate money to Kennedy Space Center. B．To promote the GPSenabled map navigation. C．To explain how Kennedy Space Center works. D．To introduce the official Kennedy Space Center app. 解析：選D　寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一款官方的肯尼迪航天中心應(yīng)用軟件，故選D。 B (2019貴陽監(jiān)測)Ive never been the kind of person to say, “its the thought that counts” when it es to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew_me_away. For years now, Ive been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building. In the front room, theres a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my childrens growth. Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each childs name and the date when they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, its this one thing in a home thats the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldnt normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see. Over the years, Ive talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing. So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it. They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (晚禮服)． She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (指紋), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family. Three weeks later, my childrens wonderful gift made its way to me — a lifesize photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了孩子們送給“我”的一件充滿愛意且特別的禮物的事情。 4．The underlined phrase “blew me away” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”． A．a(chǎn)ttracted me B．surprised me C．a(chǎn)ccepted me D．refused me 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ive never been the kind of person to say, ‘its the thought that counts’ ... when my kids gave me a present”及下文的描述可知，“我”以前不相信送禮物的人的心思最重要，但幾個星期前“我”的孩子們送給“我”的禮物讓“我”改變了這樣的想法，所以此處表示使“我”吃驚。 5．What does the house really mean to the author? A．A house.　　　　　 　 B．A building. C．Objects. D．Memories. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Of all the objects and all the memories, its this one thing in a home thats the hardest to leave behind”可知，對作者來說這棟房子意味著回憶。 6．What surprised the friends the author know after work? A．Finding the wall repainted. B．Erasing the fingerprints. C．Greeting them by tears. D．Leaving the wall unfinished. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over” 可知，令朋友們吃驚的是房屋的墻面又被重新粉刷了。 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Gift Made with Love B．Buildings Made by Children C．A Very Wonderful Painting D．A Family History 解析：選A　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段可知，這篇文章主要講述了孩子們送給“我”的一份用愛制成的禮物的故事，故A項作本文標(biāo)題最佳。 C (2019名校原創(chuàng)預(yù)測卷三)Most couples know you should never go to bed on an argument.But anger wont just harm your relationship — it could also ruin your sleep, researchers claim. A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾氣), slept worse.They are believed to keep themselves awake by thinking over their disappointment and find it harder to achieve the calmness they need to drop_off. There may even be a physical reason, as feelings of anger increase cardiovascular (心血管的) activity, which makes it harder to go to sleep. Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they pleted an anger questionnaire.Writing in the Journal of Research in Personality, they state: “These findings add to the growing evidence that being easy to get angry may lead to poor sleep and that anger and sleep are closely connected.” Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react to specific provocations (挑釁), such as being criticized by others.Finally they were sorted into groups based on how they dealt with anger — the “angerin” group, the“angerout” group and the “angercontrol” group. The people who controlled their anger, saying they would “keep my cool” under pressure, got better quality sleep during a week of being tracked.But those who held back their anger, within the “angerin” group, got worse sleep by parison.The study showed those who did not let their anger out by saying “unpleasant things”， but instead chose to “boil inside” still lost out on sleep. Previous research has suggested that people are angry because they lose out on sleep, which makes it harder to hold back negative feelings and creates a vicious circle. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，生氣不僅傷害感情，而且不利于睡眠。 8．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part “drop off” in Paragraph 1? A．Relieve anger. B．Fall asleep. C．Behave reasonably. D．Improve a relationship. 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文中的“anger wont just harm your relationship — it could also ruin your sleep”、“A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾氣), slept worse”及第二段的第一句話可知，此處內(nèi)容有關(guān)生氣使人睡眠不佳；研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們反復(fù)地思考讓自己失望的事情會使自己處于清醒的狀態(tài)，并且更難達(dá)到入睡的平靜狀態(tài)。drop off的意思應(yīng)是“打盹兒，小睡”，與fall asleep的意思相近，故選B。 9．How did psychologists carry out the research? A．By asking volunteers specific questions. B．By designing interesting group activities. C．By recording volunteers daily behaviour. D．By collecting data from previous studies. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they pleted an anger questionnaire”及第三段中的“Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react”可知，心理學(xué)家通過問志愿者們特定的問題來展開他們的研究。故選A。 10．What does the study find? A．Sleep problems can be avoided by controlling anger. B．Poor anger control is associated with sleep shortage. C．Anger is not necessarily a negative feeling. D．Anger can lead to lowquality sleep. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Writing ...anger and sleep are closely connected”可知，憤怒可能會導(dǎo)致低質(zhì)量的睡眠。故選D。 11．Which would be the best title of the passage? A．Dealing with anger properly guarantees good sleep B．When and how people sleep when they are angry? C．Going to bed angry can stop you from sleeping well D．How are sleep problems and mental disorders linked? 解析：選C　標(biāo)題歸納題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——帶著怒氣睡覺不利于睡眠。故C項作本文標(biāo)題最佳。 D (2019名校原創(chuàng)預(yù)測卷一)The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study. The study, carried out by researchers at the University of Portsmouth, found that the exaggerated (夸張的) movement of both the upper and lower body indicated aggression. Using motion capture technology, researchers found that movements reveal certain personalities, such as aggression, agreeableness and outgoingness. The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen. Lead researcher Liam Satchell said, “When one is walking, the body naturally swings a little. An aggressive walk is one where this rotation is exaggerated.” The study also found that personalities that help with social skills — such as agreeableness and outgoingness — were particularly evident in people with increased pelvis (骨盆) movements alone, or “hip sway”． “While little swagger (大搖大擺) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity，” Mr Satchell told MailOnline. The study assessed the personalities of 29 participants using a standard personality test called the “Big Five”. Participants were also asked to plete a questionnaire that measured their levels of aggression. Motion capture technology was then used to record how they walked on a running machine at their natural speed. While people may be aware that there is a relationship between swagger and psychology, this is the first research to provide evidence based on experiments that links aggression with the way people walk, say the researchers. “We know of no other examples of research where the walk has been shown to have close connection with selfreported measures of personalities and suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities，” said Mr Satchell. “If CCTV observers could be trained to recognize the aggressive walk shown in this research, their ability to recognize crimes likely to happen very soon could be improved further，” said Mr Satchell. The researchers are keen to carry out additional studies and have called more members of the public to get involved. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：一個人走路的姿勢可以表明他的性格。 12．What can we know about “motion capture technology”？ A．It is specially intended for fastmoving objects. B．It helps to improve actors acting techniques. C．It has been widely used in the field of film. D．It is a kind of exaggerated shooting skill. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen”可知，動作捕捉技術(shù)在電影中應(yīng)用廣泛，該技術(shù)用于捕捉演員的動作，然后再轉(zhuǎn)換為電影屏幕上動畫人物的動作。 13．People who walk with less overall movements tend to be ________. A．a(chǎn)ggressive　　　　　　　　 B．creative C．shy D．honest 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“While little swagger (大搖大擺) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity”可知，如果一個人走路時很少大搖大擺，這可能說明這個人有很強的創(chuàng)造力。 14．What do Mr Satchells words in the last but one paragraph suggest? A．Theres a long way to go to carry out such studies. B．The findings will be mainly used to prevent crimes. C．The research result concluded has been put into practice. D．No research proves the relation between aggression and walk now. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“We know of ... suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities”及最后一段可推知，Satchell先生的話表明在自發(fā)運動和性格特征之間的關(guān)系上還需要進(jìn)行更多研究。 15．What is the suitable title for the passage? A．The effects of personality types on peoples walk B．A new way of recognizing crimes by ones walk C．How a persons walk indicates his intention D．What ones walk says about his personality 解析：選D　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章開頭就點明主題“The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study.”一項研究顯示，走路姿勢可以表明一個人的性格，下文均圍繞該主題展開，故D項適合作文章標(biāo)題。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019昆明調(diào)研) How to Say No Respectfully Like most people, your natural instinct (本能) is probably to help others when you can. __16__ Whether youre declining an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being respectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no. Express your thanks. __17__ If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place. You could say something like, “Thanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids. Im sorry that Im busy that evening.” Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didnt even consider the request. In order to be respectful, take a moment to think about your answer — even if you already know what it is going to be. __18__ Give a clear answer. Saying no respectfully shows that youre honest and direct. __19__ If you cant help, say no. If someone is asking you on a date and you dont want to go, make that clear. __20__ You can say no without pletely turning down the request. By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willing to do. For example, you could say, “Im not free for dinner, but I would be ing for a quick drink after work.” A．Find a way to promise. B．Take a pause, and then kindly say no. C．But sometimes, you just need to say no. D．Its strange to feel guilty for turning someone down. E．Make it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked. F．If you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer. G．Do not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request. 語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了如何有禮貌地拒絕別人。 16．解析：選C　前面講到“幫助別人可能是人的一種本能”，接下來話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說到“在有的情形下你可以禮貌地拒絕別人”，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選C項。 17．解析：選E　本段的第一句“表達(dá)你的謝意”為段落主題句，所以空處意在進(jìn)一步解釋說明這一主題，而選項E的意思是“要表達(dá)清楚你很真誠地感激受到邀請”，符合語境，所以選E項。 18．解析：選B　本段首句為段落主題句，意為“在說(不)之前要思考一下”，而B項的意思是“停一下，然后再善意地拒絕”，與此處匹配，所以選B項。 19．解析：選G　由本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講明確答復(fù)對方，有禮貌地拒絕別人表示你是誠實的、直接的。G項“不要給人錯覺，讓別人覺得你可以滿足他的要求”，與本段所表達(dá)的意思相符，所以選G項。 20．解析：選A　根據(jù)下文可知，本段講述的是在拒絕別人的時候，可以留有余地，表達(dá)清楚你能做什么、愿意做什么，而A項的意思是“找到一個折中的辦法”，與本段所表達(dá)的意思相符，所以選A項。 課時練(二)　語言知識運用組塊專練——練準(zhǔn)度 (限時：30分鐘) Ⅰ.完形填空 (2019名校原創(chuàng)預(yù)測卷五)In April I had a major operation.The day after it the nurse __1__ me that I had to get out of bed and walk a little.__2__ I felt very tired and every movement made me __3__， I could get up and I just __4__ to sit on a chair by the bed.I was short of breath and the pain worsened after the great __5__ I made. While I was there an old lady came in and walked directly toward me.Her hair was white and her pale face glowed (發(fā)紅) more __6__ the bright, red and long coat she wore.I could __7__ that she was wearing a hospital gown (醫(yī)院手術(shù)服) under her coat. She __8__ me and said “You are very pretty.” Her kind __9__ took me by surprise as in that moment the __10__ I believed is that I looked pretty.However, I thanked her.Then she took my hand and said “I am going to pray for you.” And a very warm and forting feeling __11__ me. I really have an urgent __12__ for those words in those moments.This plete __13__ lady made me feel safe and loved. I thanked her for her __14__ and I asked her name.“My name is Pat，” she __15__， and then left, leaving me a bit __16__ but feeling much better and I even __17__ the pain for a little while. I had looked for Pat but it was in vain.Finally the day came when I made a full __18__ and I had to leave the hospital.I __19__ saw Pat since then but that special and brief moment I met her will __20__ in my mind and my heart forever. 語篇解讀：本文為記敘文。作者在醫(yī)院做了個大手術(shù)，心情十分抑郁，同時身體上十分疼痛。在這期間一位素不相識的病友的贊美改變了作者的心情，讓作者感受到了善意和溫暖。 1．A.informed　　　　　　　　　 B．promised C．convinced D．a(chǎn)stonished 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文中的“In April I had a major operation”可知，此處指手術(shù)之后護(hù)士告訴作者她必須下床稍微走動一下。inform“告知，通知”，符合語境。promise“許諾”； convince“使相信”； astonish“使吃驚”。 2．A.Since B．Once C．Although D．Unless 解析：選C　盡管作者感到非常累，而且每個動作都讓她很痛苦，但是她還是站了起來。although“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。since“因為”； once“一……就……”； unless“除非”。 3．A.annoyed B．discouraged C．regretful D．painful 解析：選D　參見上題解析。annoyed“惱怒的”； discouraged“灰心的”； regretful“后悔的”； painful“令人痛苦的”。下文中的“the pain worsened”亦是提示。 4．A.attempted B．prepared C．managed D．failed 解析：選C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者不僅站了起來，還成功地坐到了病床旁邊的椅子上。manage“努力完成”，符合語境。attempt“嘗試”； prepare“準(zhǔn)備”； fail“未能”。 5．A.effort B．a(chǎn)dventure C．progress D．change 解析：選A　作者剛做完手術(shù)，因此走動對她來說是很困難的，是要付出很大努力的。effort“努力”，符合語境。adventure“冒險”； progress“進(jìn)步”； change“改變”。上文中的“I was short of breath”亦是提示。 6．A.in agreement with B．in parison with C．in reference to D．in terms of 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文中的“her pale face”和下文的“the bright, red and long coat”可知，老太太臉色蒼白，被她身上穿的亮紅色的大衣映襯著，顯得她的臉色(比大衣)更紅。此處作者把老太太臉上的紅暈與其所穿的紅色大衣作對比，故in parison with“與……比較”符合語境。in agreement with“同意，與……一致”； in reference to“關(guān)于”； in terms of“就……而言”。 7．A.figure out B．work out C．point out D．make out 解析：選D　根據(jù)語境可知，作者看出老太太大衣下穿著病號服。make out“看出，弄清”，符合語境。figure out“理解，弄清”； work out“計算出”； point out“指出”。 8．A.approached B．recognized C．received D．a(chǎn)cpanied 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文中的“walked directly toward me”可知，此處指老太太走到作者身邊并贊美了作者。approach“靠近，接近”，符合語境。recognize“認(rèn)出”； receive“接納”； acpany“陪伴”。 9．A.approval B．devotion C．ment D．personality 解析：選C　根據(jù)上文中的“You are very pretty”可知，老太太對作者的評論讓她很吃驚，因為在那樣的時刻，作者最不相信的就是自己看起來很漂亮。ment“評論，解釋”，符合語境。approval“贊成”； devotion“奉獻(xiàn)”； personality“個性”。 10．A.last B．least C．most D．first 解析：選B　參見上題解析。 11．A.struck B．rescued C．defended D．reminded 解析：選A　聽到老太太對自己的贊美之后，一種非常溫暖和令人欣慰的感受向作者襲來。strike“打，擊，侵襲”，符合語境。rescue“援救”； defend“保護(hù)，防御”； remind“提醒”。 12．A.arrangement B．a(chǎn)lternative C．replacement D．demand 解析：選D　作者在那時非常需要這樣的話語。demand“需要，要求”，符合語境。arrangement“安排”； alternative“可供選擇的事物”； replacement“替代品”。 13．A.elegant B．strange C．honest D．fragile 解析：選B　根據(jù)下文的“I asked her name”可知，作者是不認(rèn)識這位老太太的，故strange“陌生的”符合語境。elegant“優(yōu)美的”； honest“誠實的”； fragile“虛弱的”。 14．A.kindness B．guidance C．contribution D．sacrifice 解析：選A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示作者對這位老太太的善舉表示了感謝并詢問了她的名字。kindness“善良，友好的舉動”，符合語境。guidance“指導(dǎo)”； contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”； sacrifice“犧牲”。 15．A.explained B．a(chǎn)dded C．replied D．a(chǎn)cknowledged 解析：選C　根據(jù)上文中的“I asked her name”可知，此處指老太太回答道：“我的名字是Pat。”reply“回答，答復(fù)”，符合語境。explain“解釋”； add“補充說”； acknowledge“承認(rèn)，告知”。 16．A.amused B．worried C．a(chǎn)shamed D．confused 解析：選D　根據(jù)語境可知，老太太回答作者之后就離開了，這讓作者感到有點迷惑。confused“迷惑的”，符合語境。amused“逗樂的”； worried“擔(dān)心的”； ashamed“羞愧的”。 17．A.expected B．forgot C．blamed D．a(chǎn)ccepted 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文中的“feeling much better”可知，作者甚至?xí)簳r忘卻了自己身上的疼痛。forget“忘記”，符合語境。expect“期待”； blame“指責(zé)”； accept“接受”。 18．A.judgment B．recovery C．schedule D．consideration 解析：選B　根據(jù)下文中的“I had to leave the hospital”可知，此處指作者的身體完全康復(fù)了。recovery“恢復(fù)，康復(fù)”，符合語境。judgment“