2019高考英語一輪復習練習題 Unit 3 Life in the future（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Life in the future 一、閱讀理解 閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a mercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a plex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂ Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But pared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂ 1. What can we learn about the worms in the study? A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills. 2. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed 3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. To present a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance. 【文章大意】本文為說明文。文章介紹了一種吃塑料的蟲子大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，這為解決塑料污染提供了新的途徑。 1.C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. 可知，研究結果發(fā)現(xiàn)，蠕蟲分解日常食物的能力讓它們可以分解塑料，也就是說它們可以消費塑料。故選C。 3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂可以推斷出，Bertocchini希望這種化學物質將來能在工業(yè)生產中使用，而不是僅僅依靠蠕蟲來分解塑料。故選D。 4.C 【解析】寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 可知，有一種新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根據(jù)最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂可知，Bertocchini希望將這種方法推廣到工業(yè)中。由此可以推知寫作意圖為介紹一種分解塑料的方法。故選C。 二、教材與語法填空 根據(jù)教材課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。 I went into the future because I 1. (win) a prize that gave me 2. tour. I suffered from “time lag” when I left my own time. Wang Ping gave me some green tablets 3. could help me feel 4. (little) nervous and uncertain. 5. (he) parents’ pany, 6. (call) “Future Tours”， transported me 7. (safe) into the future in a time capsule. The first thing I noticed was the poor quality of the air, so my head ached. And I found several things 8. (differently): a mask to give me enough oxygen; a hovering carriage driven by puter; a strangelooking house 9. (belong) to Wang Ping’s parents. There the trees acted as walls and provided oxygen 10. the room; a table, some chairs and a bed rose from under the floor as if by magic. 答案：1.had won　2.a　3.which/that　4.less　5.His 6．called　7.safely　8.different　9.belonging　10.for 三、完形填空 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 A Letter to My Dad Four years ago we found out about the cancer growing inside you.You told me the news that it had already spread and that you didnt know how long you had __1__. I was still at university.A parent dying was something that happened to __2__ people—people older than me.I spent the first few months in__3__.For the first time I felt__4__.I wished I could just __5__ you and take the cancer out.But there was nothing I could do. Weve been__6__.You reacted well to treatment and youre still here，though we dont know for how much __7__. Ive always wanted to say that I love you，and that Im__8__ for everything youve given me.But I cant.It feels like it is this unwritten__9__ in our fatherson relationship that__10__ it.Youre a man conservative and guarded with your __11__.You keep them to yourself and __12__ others to do the same. But I know you __13__.Ive seen your proud looks when Ive told you about my __14__ at work and school over the years.Ive seen your__15__ when things havent gone well.I remember all the offers of help. I wish we could talk about what we __16__ to each other.I wish you could tell me youre __17__ and I could tell you I love you.I wish these __18__ concepts of masculinity(男子氣概)werent so deeply __19__ in both of us.Maybe we will still see our way to that __20__ before you go.But whatever the case，I just need to say it—I love you，and thank you. 1．A.waited　　　　　　 B．left C．suffered D．stayed 2．A.any B．few C．other D．all 3．A.doubt B．anger C．vain D．shock 4．A.powerless B．nervous C．lost D．bored 5．A.reach into B．turn to C．stand by D．look into 6．A.confused B．lucky C．active D．hopeless 7．A.better B．deeper C．longer D．further 8．A.eager B．grateful C．regretful D．desperate 9．A.letter B．word C．idea D．rule 10．A.prevents B．changes C．destroys D．transforms 11．A.illnesses B．feelings C．belongings D．opinions 12．A.require B．expect C．allow D．persuade 13．A.lie B．understand C．care D．fear 14．A.achievements B．difficulties C．goals D．experiences 15．A.power B．anger C．curiosity D．concern 16．A.have B．give C．leave D．mean 17．A.conservative B．brave C．proud D．helpful 18．A.absurd B．important C．useful D．popular 19．A.lost B．trapped C．rooted D．covered 20．A.situation B．solution C．achievement D．conversation 【解題導語】你以為你對他的愛很深沉，這是你了解的；你不了解的是，他對你的愛比你的深沉一萬倍。對父母的愛，要怎么才說得出口？別太晚。如果沒有勇氣當面表達，就寫封信來告訴他。 1．B　四年前作者發(fā)現(xiàn)父親身患癌癥，癌細胞已經(jīng)擴散，因此，此處指不知道還能活多久。how long you had left是“你還剩下多長時間”的意思，left用作后置定語。故選B項。 2．C　根據(jù)該空后的people older than me可判斷，作者以為父(母)親垂死這件事只會發(fā)生在比他年齡更大的人身上。故選C項。 3．D　in doubt意為“懷疑”；in anger意為“生氣地”；in vain 意為“徒勞無益地”；in shock意為“震驚地；吃驚地”。聽到父親患癌這件事，作者當然是長時間地感到震驚。故選D項。 刷有所得方法：做完形填空題時，有些題要注意該空前后的介詞、副詞等。有時需要分別把選項與前后的介詞、副詞相搭配，再判斷它們搭配后哪個短語的意思更符合上下文的邏輯。 4．A　根據(jù)下文But there was nothing I could do.可知，作者什么都做不了，由此可推測，此處指作者感到無能為力。powerless意為“無能為力的”；nervous意為“緊張不安的；焦慮的”；lost意為“迷路的；不知所措的”；bored意為“厭煩的；煩悶的”。根據(jù)語境可知選A項。 5．A　根據(jù)下文and take the cancer out可知，此處指作者希望可以進入父親的身體拿走癌細胞。reach into意為“伸進；伸入”；turn to意為“轉向；求助于”；stand by意為“袖手旁觀；支持”；look into意為“調查”。故選A項。 6．B　根據(jù)該空后面的You reacted well to treatment and youre still here可知，作者的父親對治療反應很好并且依然還活著，所以作者一家感覺是幸運的(lucky)。故選B項。confused意為“困惑的；混亂的”；active意為“積極的”；hopeless意為“沒有希望的”。 7．C　父親的治療效果很好，“我們”很幸運，雖然不知道父親還能堅持多久，但是他還活著。better意為“更好”；deeper意為“更深”；longer意為“更長久”；further意為“更遠”。故選C項。 8．B　根據(jù)設空后的everything youve given me可知，作者在此表達對父親的感激之情。eager意為“渴望的；熱切的”；grateful意為“感激的”；regretful意為“遺憾的；后悔的”；desperate意為“絕望的”。故選B項。 9．D　句意為：好像在我們的父子關系上就是這不成文的規(guī)則阻止了這句話被說出口。unwritten rule意為“不成文的規(guī)則”，符合語境。故選D項。 10．A　根據(jù)下文的Youre a man conservative和You keep them to yourself可知，父親很保守，所以這一不成文的規(guī)則阻止了父愛的表達。prevent意為“阻止；防止”；change意為“改變”；destroy 意為“破壞；摧毀”；transform意為“使改觀；使轉化”。故選A項。 11．B　guarded意為“謹慎的”，結合下文的You keep them to yourself可知，此處指父親是一個保守的、對情感(feelings)謹慎的人。conservative and guarded with your feelings作后置定語，修飾前面的a man。故選B項。illness意為“疾病”；belongings意為“所有物”；opinion意為“觀點”。 12．B　根據(jù)前文對父親的描述conservative, guarded with your ________可知，父親收斂自己的感情，希望別人也這樣做。require意為“要求”；expect意為“期望；盼望”；allow意為“允許”；persuade意為“勸說；說服”。故選B項。 13．C　根據(jù)下文的Ive seen your proud looks可知，父親是很在意兒子的。lie意為“撒謊”；understand意為“理解”；care意為“在意；在乎”；fear意為“害怕”。故選C項。 14．A　根據(jù)前面的your proud looks可知，父親自豪的應該是作者取得的成就(achievements)。故選A項。difficulty意為“困難”；goal意為“目標”；experience意為“經(jīng)歷”。 15．D　根據(jù)設空后的when things havent gone well及I remember all the offers of help.可知，當事情進展不順利時，父親會主動提供幫助，因此可知，父親是關心兒子的。power意為“力量；權力”；anger意為“憤怒；生氣”；curiosity意為“好奇心”；concern意為“擔心；憂慮”。故選D項。 16．D　結合下文I wish you could tell me youre ________ and I could tell you I love you.可知，作者希望父親能夠告訴他父親是如何想的，作者也能告訴父親作者愛他。由此可推測，此處指作者希望能夠與父親談論他們對彼此意味著(mean)什么。故選D項。 17．C　根據(jù)上文的your proud looks可知，此處指作者希望父親能夠告訴他父親為他而自豪。conservative意為“守舊的；保守的”；brave意為“勇敢的”；proud 意為“驕傲的；自豪的”；helpful 意為“有幫助的”。故選C項。 18．A　根據(jù)上一題解析及空后的masculinity可知，此處指作者希望這些荒謬的大男子觀念不會在他和父親的心中根深蒂固。absurd意為“荒唐的；可笑的”，符合語境。故選A項。important意為“重要的”；useful意為“有用的”；popular意為“流行的”。 19．C　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者希望這樣的大男子觀念不要根深蒂固。lost in意為“迷失在……”；trapped in意為“陷入”；rooted in意為“植根于；深植于”；covered in意為“被……覆蓋”故選C項。 20．D　根據(jù)上文的talk about可知，此處指作者與父親的談話(conversation)。故選D項。 四、教材與話題寫作 (Ⅰ)用本單元所學知識完成下列句子。 1．隨著科技的發(fā)展， 我對未來生活持樂觀態(tài)度。(be optimistic about) 答案：With the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future. 2．到那時我們生活的環(huán)境更舒適、 美麗。 (surroundings) 答案：By that time, the surroundings where we live will be more fortable and beautiful. 3．太陽能、 風能將會被充分利用， 海水也會轉變成能源， 人們再也不用擔心缺乏能源。 (be switched into; lack of energy) 答案：People will not worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well. 4．我們不但被提供豐富的衣食， 而且我們可以花費更多的時間周游世界。(not only...but also; provide...with) 答案：We will not only be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travelling around the world. 5．正是因為工作效率更高了， 我們在工作學習上的壓力將會更小。 (efficiently; stress) 答案：We will have less stress either from our study or work because we can work more efficiently. (Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過渡自然。 五、下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯誤，改正錯誤并背誦該文。 As the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future. By that time, the surroundings which we live will be more fortable and beautiful. People will not worry about lack energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well. Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travel around the world. Furthermore, it is because of we can work more efficiently that we will have less stress either from our study or work. 答案： the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future. By that time, the surroundings we live will be more fortable and beautiful. People will not worry about lack energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well. Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time around the world. Furthermore, it is because we can work more efficiently that we will have less stress either from our study or work.