北京市靜安區(qū)2019年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 完形填空專講專練.doc

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完形填空專講專練 完形填空解題方法指導(dǎo) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 了解完形填空的語篇特點(diǎn)。 2. 掌握并熟練運(yùn)用完形填空的解題方法和技巧。 3. 掌握完形填空高頻詞匯。 名師點(diǎn)撥 北京中考完形填空命題規(guī)律總結(jié) 北京中考完形填空的文章以380-440詞左右的記敘文為主。文章的話題大多貼近中學(xué)生的生活并且大部分文章會(huì)講述一個(gè)小故事，故事的主人公遇到或是做了一件事情，故事的進(jìn)程中主人公有一系列的情感變化，但故事在結(jié)束時(shí)會(huì)傳遞出一種正能量。如北京中考完形填空，講述了主人公Molly給媽媽準(zhǔn)備圣誕驚喜的故事，通過載體“gloves”傳遞出“子女要學(xué)會(huì)向自己的父母表達(dá)愛(love)”的這種理念。因此建議讀者在做題時(shí)需要將自己帶入故事的情景中，以主人公的視角體會(huì)故事情節(jié)變化中情感的變化，把握文章想要傳達(dá)的含義，進(jìn)而選擇貼近文章主旨的選項(xiàng)。 完形填空題的第一句通常不設(shè)空，給讀者提供一定的語言背景。中考完形填空題主要考查學(xué)生以下三個(gè)方面的知識(shí)和技能：一、對(duì)文章的整體理解，上下文段落的銜接，邏輯思維與判斷能力。二、對(duì)詞匯和慣用法等語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查，多以實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔。根據(jù)對(duì)近幾年中考完形填空題的分析，各種詞類的考查比例由多到少，順序如下：動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞和代詞等。三、對(duì)生活中常見的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力。 完形填空解題方法指導(dǎo) 解答完形填空的總原則是“先完意，后完形”，即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要傳遞的理念，再進(jìn)行選擇填空。 一、完形填空解題步驟 第一步 通讀全文，把握脈絡(luò) 跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語篇關(guān)鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說明句子強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是but后面的內(nèi)容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。找到關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達(dá)的寓意。如北京中考完形填空的關(guān)鍵詞是：Molly; mum; Christmas; surprise; gloves。 第二步 瞻前顧后，上下求索 聯(lián)系上下文，運(yùn)用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線索詞。如北京中考完形填空的最主要的線索詞就是gloves。 第三步 再讀文章，核查答案 代入答案，再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查，爭(zhēng)取做到： 結(jié)構(gòu)正確+語義通順+邏輯合理。 二、完形填空解題策略 方法 方法一：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法 解釋 “詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化(如protect和protection)、同義詞/近義詞(如road和trail)、反義詞(如wrong和 correct)、上下義詞(上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個(gè)體或種類。如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞) 等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。 例題 He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his ___________, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness 【分析：通過上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因?yàn)樗摹吧屏加押谩彼苁軞g迎。故選D?！? 牛刀小試 [1]…She opened “Mum’s Wish Book” and hoped that she could find these 32 in it. Tears ran down her face when she saw the gloves in the catalog…【北京中考】 32. A. flowers B. sunglasses C. gloves D. chocolates [2]…“Yes, It’s a Christmas gift for Mum, but please don’t tell her. It’s our 35 , OK?” … …As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret…【北京中考】 35. A. secret B. choice C. dream D. task [3] To be chosen, we had to turn in an example of our __32__. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to my father,…【東城一模】 32.A. report B. writing C. homework D. newspaper [4] …they were always very generous（慷慨的）when it came to giving us 31 .In fact, they didnt just give presents to us children. 【東城二?！? 31. A. wishes B. lessons C. presents D. greetings [5]…when I had my class write something about themselves, he just sat there. So I took him outside to see what was wrong. “You can 31 about something else; anything you want, ”I offered…【西城一?！? 31. A. talk B. read C. write D. hear [6] The fourth day started with me finding a ______ (39) on the sidewalk, I’d always thought of finding money as a good sign. 【西城二模】 39. A. card B. coin C. phone D. book [7] Every university that he applied to (申請(qǐng)) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his __40__ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 【海淀一?！? 40. A. fact B. choice C. record D. event [8]Tina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst 31 . Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. 【海淀二?！? 31. A. month B. subject C. market D. name [9] Tears (眼淚) ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of the 36 , not once. It never left his hands. 【朝陽一模】 36. A. hand B. class C. book D. chair [10]“Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33 , ” Michael said. 【朝陽二?！? 33. A. fast 　　 B. right 　 C. warmly D. slowly 參考答案：CABCC BBBCB 方法 方法二：上下文推理法 解釋 “上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對(duì)上下文的語義和整個(gè)語篇的理解，進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需重點(diǎn)注意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達(dá)的含義。 例題 例：When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __17__ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. 17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later 【分析：通過上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美國(guó)每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國(guó)每節(jié)課是40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國(guó)的課時(shí)比中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)，故選B?！? 牛刀小試 [1] ing home from school every day, Molly peeked at (偷看) Dad when Mum wasn’t 37 , but every time he shook his head. 【北京中考】 37. A. working B. looking C. smiling D. talking [2] I didn’t write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I __31__the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends…【東城一模】 31. A. gave B. shared C. liked D. weled [3] No surprise—his version(版本)was ___34___ . He had a gift for language. 【東城一?！? 34.A. different B. mon C. popular D. wonderful [4] when we got to the end of the present giving, I was very 33 . My last present was not the bike I had hoped for. 【東城二模】 33. A. upset B. afraid C. nervous D. serious [5] Vincent was difficult and 32 . He acted out. He threw things. He refused to work, to be quiet, to sit down. 【西城一?！? 32. A. angry B. lazy C. careless D. disappointed [6] Suddenly, a big boy __33__ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. 【海淀一模】 33. A. saw B. met C. pushed D. followed [7]“ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was __37__. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. 【海淀一?！? 37. A. moved B. embarrassed C. interested D. pleased [8]…my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and he’s in hospital. 【海淀二模】 38. A. terrible B. simple C. boring D. fortable [9]I held an awards ceremony(頒獎(jiǎng)典禮). I __35__ Ronny with a book — one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5. 【朝陽一?！? 35. A. covered B. shared C. presented D. pared [10]As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped(陷入困境)in his car…【朝陽二?！? 37. A. open 　 B. shut 　 C. safe 　 D. cold 參考答案：BCDAA CBACB 方法 方法三：邏輯推理法 解釋 “邏輯推理法”是根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時(shí)間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需特別注意挖空處表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞（如and表并列，but和however表轉(zhuǎn)折，because、for、 so等表因果，first of all、then和finally等表順序等）。 例題 例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he can’t sing 6 . 6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly 【分析：通過上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和連詞 “but”，可以推斷出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處想要表達(dá)的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選C?！? 牛刀小試 [1]Mum wouldn’t buy them for herself, because the family had a 33 time on the farm. 【北京中考】 33. A. hard B. lonely C. short D. busy [2]On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. Molly felt 38 when she went to bed, because she didn’t have the gloves for Mum. 【北京中考】 38. A. sad B. strange C. angry D. tired [3]…And as a result, he rewrote the whole piece—without me, for I never said anything to __33___ him… 【東城一?！? 33.A. help B. stop C. allow D. praise [4]For years after that, at the end of all the present giving, my father would ask me what I had to say to everyone. It had bee a family joke. I would always say, “Is that all?” But what I really 40 was “Thanks so much.”And everyone knew that. 【東城二?！? 40. A. heard B. meant C. answered D. expected [5]If I knew she had found a better home, I would be ______ (33) yet relieved (放心的). 【西城二?！? 33. A. mad B. worried C. sad D. moved [6]Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadn’t 33 it and she was going to fail again! 【海淀二模】 33. A. finished B. forgotten C. collected D. built [7]He thought I was cheating. But he 40 and understands me now. 【海淀二?！? 40. A. refuses B. believes C. criticizes D. praises [8]He had a speech problem so he couldn’t __31__ like other kids in his grade. 【朝陽一?！? 31. A. read B. copy C. write D. listen 參考答案：AABBC ABA 方法 方法四：文化背景常識(shí)法 解釋 “文化背景常識(shí)法”是指完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識(shí)、生活科技等相關(guān)，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識(shí)，答題時(shí)要充分調(diào)動(dòng)相關(guān)知識(shí)幫助我們分析、推斷。事實(shí)上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因?yàn)殡m有背景常識(shí)，仍需簡(jiǎn)單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國(guó)人看問題的角度來看待其它國(guó)家發(fā)生的事情。 例題 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鯨魚) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger 2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest 【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動(dòng)物，故選A. biggest。 第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚生活在大海里，故選C. sea?！? 牛刀小試 [1]As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret. “You’ve got to check the mailbox every day,” said Molly 36 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile…【北京中考】 36. A. patiently B. doubtfully C. proudly D. quietly [2]Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone and didn’t hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37 up to her table. 【海淀二?！? 37. A. lazily B. weakly C. silently D. patiently [3]After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission munity Hospital. 【朝陽二?！? 31.A. teacher B. driver C. doctor 　 D. worker 參考答案：DCC 方法 方法五：固定搭配法 解釋 完形填空以語境考查為主，但也有小部分題目考查語法知識(shí)、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結(jié)合所學(xué)固定搭配選出正確答案。 例題 例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking … 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to 【分析：考查固定短語“pay attention to注意”，故選D?！? 例2：…but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took 【分析：考查固定短語“take photos拍照”，故選D?！? 牛刀小試 [1]Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began 39 the table. 【北京中考】 39. A. pushing B. changing C. setting D. booking [2]It was something I ______ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf… 【西城二模】 38. A. looked up B. built up C. set up D. made up [3]When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later. 【朝陽二?！? 35. A. hope 　 B. touch 　 C. trust 　 D. message 參考答案：CDB 完形填空高頻詞匯 【詞性及詞義部分可以讓學(xué)生自己默寫；例句除加黃色底紋部分以外，其余都來自真題和模擬題】 【常考動(dòng)詞】 單詞 詞性及詞義 示例 surprise v. 使…驚奇 What surprised me most was that they got married soon. drop v.1)落下 2)放下 3)降低 4)中途卸客 Molly ran back home and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa. order v.1)命令 2)訂購,點(diǎn)菜 The officer ordered them to fire. walk v.1)走2)護(hù)送…走 3)遛 1)Molly had walked a dog for a neighbor and saved her money all year to buy Mum the gloves. 2) When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears. save v.1)救助 2)攢錢 tear v. 撕掉 the order form torn from the catalog(商品目錄) pass v.1)路過2)遞3)及格 4)時(shí)間流逝 1) “Umm, a pair of gloves?” said Mr. Smith, as he passed a stamp to her. 2) Justin passed through all his classes. realize v. 1)意識(shí)到 2)實(shí)現(xiàn) 1) Molly didn’t realize how white Mr. Smith’s beard was until that moment. 2)I was so upset that I didnt realize how unthankful I sounded. 3) I started to realize what a stupid thing I had said. 4) Justin realized that he didn’t want to feel bad for himself… 5) As he tried to open the door, he realized it was shut. remind v.提醒；使想起 1) In face, he reminded her of Santa Claus. 2)Rhea’s words remind me what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story. hand v. 交；遞 She handed me the letter. design v. 設(shè)計(jì) design a car check v. 檢查 check one’s work set v. 1)放置 2) 擺放餐具 …as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began setting the table. book v. 預(yù)定 book a flight to Beijing change v. 改變 interview v. 1) 面試 2)采訪 I like the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends, and covering middle school events. cover v.1) 覆蓋 2)設(shè)計(jì)3)報(bào)道 rewrite v. 重寫 expect v. 1)預(yù)料 2)期望 I expect you to write a personal opinion article every week Chris entered the world earlier than expected. What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later. express v. 表達(dá) my teacher clearly expressed his disappointment plain v. 抱怨；埋怨 1) I plained that my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it. 2) After my parents worked so hard, how could I plain that I did not receive a bike I worked with all the students in Ronny’s class one by one to improve their reading skills. improve v.提高；改善 allow v. 允許 …because I allowed him to do it. reach v. 1)抵達(dá) 2)達(dá)到 3)伸手 4)夠得著 ..my writing never reached the level of the first article. raise v. 1) 舉起 2)提高 3)籌集 4)提出 5)撫養(yǎng) raise hand; raise the price; raise money; raise questions hold v. 1)抓住 2)抱住 3)舉行 4) 堅(jiān)持住 1) Every year they held a Christmas Eve party. 2)…they hold the world responsible for the consequence. 3) It’s what holds our life together. 4) she saw Lily holding her phone under the table. 5) I held an awards ceremony(頒獎(jiǎng)典禮). 6) …all he could do was to hold back tears. leave v. 1)離開 2)留下 3)丟下 I made it clear by leaving hints to my parents in every way I knew. When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her. It never left his hands. receive v. 收到；招待 …I had received so many other things… accept v. 接受；錄取 Vincent got accepted into ten different universities. Every university that he applied to accepted him. fail v. 1)失敗，未能做到 2)衰退 3)使失望 Her eyesight is failing. When he lost his job, he felt he failed his family. He worked with a house painter after failing through high school. Oh no, Tina hadn’t finish it and she was going to fail again! mean v.意思是 But what I really meant was “Thanks so much.” That didn’t mean we didn’t try. have v.1)有 2)使…做 I had my class write something about themselves. offer v.主動(dòng)提出 “You can write about something else…”I offered. wonder v.想知道 I wondered what he was up to. attend v.1)參加 2)上課 …Vincent attended classes and got straight A’s for two years. land v. 1)著陸 2)成功得到 Vincent landed a great job at a big tech pany. work v. 1)工作 2)奏效;起作用 For him, sitting still, listening and reading, didn’t work. attract v. 吸引 Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told. encourage v.鼓勵(lì) succeed v.1)成功 2)接替 disappear v.消失；不見 …my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago. His once bright future disappeared. believe v.相信；認(rèn)為 I really learned what I believe. Such stories only bee real when we believe them. But he believes and understands me now. search v.搜查 We searched the neighborhood for hours… imagine v.想象 …but imagine hearing for the first time… But he could never have imagined where it would e from. wait v.等待 support v. 1)支持2)養(yǎng)活3)支撐 He has a big family to support. …some stories are never supported with scientific facts… suggest v.1)建議 2)表明;暗示 I suggest that we go out to eat. All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. beat v. 1)打敗 2)敲打 3)心跳 He could run with the ball fast and beat any of the older boys at the court… agree v. 1)同意 2)約定 Justin agreed. lie v.1)躺 2)位于 3)說謊 Justin just lay in bed watching TV every day… break v. 1)摔壞 2)弄壞 3)暫停 4)違犯 n. 休息；休假 Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. …while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together. apply v.申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用 Every university that he applied to accepted him. stand v.1)站立 2)位于 3)忍受 I can’t stand his brother. Ronny stood apart from his classmates in other ways. record v.1)記錄 2)錄音 promise v. 承諾 Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. cheat v.1)欺騙 2)作弊 Lily would get a good grade by cheating. collect v.1)收集；收藏 2)取走 Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. point v.指向；指引 Mr. Reed picked up Lily’s exam paper, pointed to the door and… stop v.1)(使)停止;結(jié)束2)阻止 When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her. understand v.理解 But he believes and understands me now. forgive v.原諒 Will you forgive me? praise v.贊揚(yáng)；贊美 volunteer v.自愿做 I volunteered as the Reading Mom in the first-grade classroom. struggle v./n.努力;戰(zhàn)斗;掙扎 …h(huán)e struggled(努力) to read out. return v. 1)回來 2)歸還3)恢復(fù) I returned to the school to visit… place v.放置 I walked towards Ronny, and placed my hand on his shoulder… refuse v.拒絕 manage v.設(shè)法做成;能解決;管理 …h(huán)e managed to read a word with a strange pronunciation manage a weak smile(強(qiáng)顏歡笑) share v.共用;分享;分擔(dān) share information present v.頒發(fā);贈(zèng)送;展現(xiàn) I presented Ronny with a book… You need to present yourself better. notice v.注意到 rise v.上升；升起；提高 His temperature rose quickly… choose v.選擇 Chris parents chose Michael to be their sons doctor for his childhood. reenter v.再次進(jìn)入 lose v.丟失；失去 When Chris finished primary school, the two lost touch. He lost himself in great hopelessness. control v. 控制 …suddenly a truck lost control… arrive v.到達(dá)；到來 affect v.影響 follow v. 1)跟著2)沿著(道路) 3)聽從 4)理解 Why didn’t you follow my advice Sorry, I can’t follow you. report v. 報(bào)告；報(bào)道 Michael reported to them that their babys fever had gone. push v.推 Suddenly, a big boy pushed Justin. remember v.記得；記起 miss v.錯(cuò)過；想念 meet v.遇見;迎接;經(jīng)歷;滿足 Will you meet me at the airport? We have met similar problems. It’s impossible to meet the needs of all the different people. pare v.比較；對(duì)比 show v.展示；表明 【?？夹稳菰~、副詞】 單詞 詞性及詞義 示例 excitedly adv.激動(dòng)地 She said excitedly to herself, “mum, this year you’ll get the gloves you want!” excited adj.激動(dòng)的；興奮的 before I could be excited about the news, he added, exciting adj.令人激動(dòng)的 She was like sunshine, bringing exciting stories of college. lonely adj.孤獨(dú)的；偏僻的 a lonely island hard adj.困難的 Mum wouldn’t buy them for herself, because the family had a hard time on the farm. patient adj.耐心的 patiently adv.耐心地 …Wait patiently? Search endlessly?... proud adj.驕傲的；自豪的 proudly adv.驕傲地；自豪地 quiet adj.安靜的 quietly adv.安靜地 “You’ve got to check the mailbox every day,” said Molly quietly to Dad. silently adv.悄悄地；無聲地 Lily was looking at her phone and didn’t hear Mr. Reed as he walked silently up to her table. silent adj.沉默的；安靜的 On the days when it was Ronny’s turn, I’d give him a silent smile, and he’ d fly out of his chair. sad adj.傷心的 Molly felt sad when she went to bed, because she didn’t have the gloves for Mum. If I knew she had found a better home, I would be sad yet relieved. The doctor said Justin might never play again. Justin was so sad. strange adj.奇怪的；陌生的 It seems strange, but I felt better then. angry adj.生氣的 Vincent was difficult and angry. tired adj.疲倦的；厭煩的 wonderful adj.精彩的 No surprise—his version was wonderful. worried adj.擔(dān)心的 nervous adj.緊張的 lazy adj.懶惰的 lazily adv.懶惰地 magic adj.有魔力的；神奇的 terrible adj.糟糕的；可怕的 He remembered feeling terrible for acting out. I’m really sorry I didn’t answer your calls, but my family is having a terrible time. brave adj.勇敢的 mon adj.常見的；普通的；共同的 busy adj.忙的 painful adj.痛苦的;艱難的 a painful experience successful adj. 成功的 express adj. 快遞的 EMS= Express Mail Service confident adj.自信的 bright Adj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艷麗的(顏色) 3)聰明的 4)有希望的;光明的 Looking back, I realized that the pain and shame of that school experience had a bright side. His once bright future disappeared. amazing adj. 令人驚喜(奇)的 Christmas was always an amazing time in my home obvious adj.明顯的 My parents looked unhappy, as my disappointment was obvious. upset adj.難過的 I was so upset that I didn’t realize how unthankful I sounded. Justin felt better and he wasn’t so upset. unthankful adj.不知感恩的 unfortable adj.不舒服的 fortable adj.舒服的；舒適的 unimportant adj.不重要的 dishonest adj.不誠實(shí)的 honest adj.誠實(shí)的 improper adj.不合適的 Those words were improper in any situation useless adj.無用的;無意義的 It’s useless to argue with him.