2019-2020年高考英語復(fù)習(xí) 語法單選.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語復(fù)習(xí) 語法單選 S +V+ O1+(O2 / o) || || || || || 主語+ 謂語 +賓語+ (直接賓語)/補(bǔ)語 (1) do, did, will do V= (2) be doing, will be doing (3) have done, had been done, have been doing, will have done 一、什么時(shí)候用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)? (近11年未考) I forgot to check post box, but I normally check it in the morning. Wal-Mart opens the whole day. 特殊：從句中用do代替will do When you arrive in London, please send my wishes to Mary. 二、什么時(shí)候用一般過去時(shí)?(近11年考了3題) 1）過去特定時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。常與last night, in 1980, a year ago等時(shí)間狀語連用 2）過去某一段時(shí)間重復(fù)發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動(dòng)作或過去存在的狀態(tài)。 -where have you been? -I stayed in London for years, and now…（對(duì)比） I didn’t know you live here. I don’t know you live here. 1.【xx江蘇】 Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ____ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun 3.【xx江蘇】 The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ____. A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start 三、什么時(shí)候用將來時(shí)？(近9年考了1題) will do/be going to/be to do（規(guī)律，命令）/be about to(不加時(shí)間狀語) was going to本打算 【xx江蘇】 -- Ann is in hospital. -- Oh, really? I ____ know. I _____ go and visit her. A. didn’t; am going to B. don’t; would C. don’t; will D. didn’t; will 四、什么時(shí)候用進(jìn)行時(shí)？(近9年考了4題) （1） 過去、現(xiàn)在、將來的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或某一個(gè)其它動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間 I will be flying over Atlantic at this time tomorrow. （=when you visit Tom tomorrow） （2） 某一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作（過去、現(xiàn)在、將來） I am writing a novel these days. I will be climbing the mountain next week. （3）某個(gè)事情正在發(fā)生(was doing)，作為背景，就在此時(shí)發(fā)生了另外一件事（did） I didn’t notice her. I was watching TV just now. I was watching TV when he knocked at door. 1.【xx江蘇】 — I don’t suppose the police know who did it. — Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ________now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 2.【xx江蘇】 — Hi, Terry, can I use your puter for a while this afternoon? — Sorry. ________. A. It’ s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It’s being repaired D. It had been repaired 3. 【2011江蘇】 — I hear you ____ in a pub. What’s it like? —Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind. A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working 4.【xx江蘇】 —Could I use your car tomorrow morning? —Sure. I ______ a report at home. A. will be writing B. will have written C. have written D. have been writing 25. A。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。解題關(guān)鍵：對(duì)話雙方談?wù)撏辉掝}，自然時(shí)間一致，時(shí)態(tài)也相互關(guān)聯(lián)。本題中關(guān)鍵時(shí)間狀語為tomorrow morning，所以回答時(shí)用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示“明天上午我將在家寫報(bào)告”，用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。所以選A。 【句意】——明天上午我可以用你的汽車嗎？ ——當(dāng)然可以。那時(shí)候，我將在家寫報(bào)告呢。 五、什么時(shí)候用完成時(shí)？(近9年考了11題) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： （1） 延續(xù)：……since sb. did…/1990 ……so far/up to now/until now It is 90 years since our school was founded. （2） 過去的某件事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：(短暫性動(dòng)詞) Tom has broken his leg. Tom broke his leg. （3） 重復(fù)性：次數(shù)/ever/never I have read the book for three times. 將來完成時(shí)： by…到……為止 By the end of this/last term, I will have finished/had finished the book. 過去完成時(shí)： 必須在句子里找到一個(gè)過去時(shí)間或動(dòng)作 did 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have been doing… (1) 持續(xù)性 (2) 中斷性 (3) 重復(fù)性（動(dòng)作可以是短暫性） I have been getting up at 6 since I entered high school. 1.【xx江蘇】 More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 2.【xx江蘇】 Although medical science ________control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved 3.【xx江蘇】 —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. —I think so. He _____ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 4.【xx江蘇】 At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement________. A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached 5.【xx江蘇】 —_____ you _____ him around the museum yet? —Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show 6.【xx江蘇】 —why, Jack, you look so tired! —Well, I _____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting 7. 【xx江蘇】 —Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation? —We_____ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be 8.【2011江蘇】 —Tommy is planning to buy a car. —I know. By next month, he____ enough for a used one. A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved 9.【xx江蘇】 The population of Jiangsu ____ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are growing 10.【xx江蘇】 The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _____ some European business partners. A. would meet. B. is meeting C. meets D. had met 11.【xx江蘇】 —How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? —Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms. A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered 11.【xx江蘇】 —What about your self-drive trip yesterday? —Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ______ a rough ride. A. had B. have C. would have D. have had 34. A。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。A是一般過去時(shí)；B是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；C是過去將來時(shí)；D是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。本題關(guān)鍵時(shí)間點(diǎn)就是yesterday，所以講昨天的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)，選A。 【拓展】時(shí)態(tài)題關(guān)鍵是找準(zhǔn)句子的時(shí)間的基點(diǎn)，例如本題就是抓住yesterday。 【句意】——昨天的自駕游如何？ ——太累人了！道路正在拓寬，開起來真不容易！ 第二節(jié) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1.能力：can (近9年考了1題) 2.推測(cè): might/may/can/could-----should----must 用might: not sure/not know 用should: 估計(jì)應(yīng)該（上下文語境） 用must: 一定（反義詞：can’t） ‘ 許可：may，can, must 3.義務(wù)、責(zé)任、命令、許諾：(近9年考了1題) should義務(wù) must必須+do---mustn’t shall: You shall have a bike if you…/警告 You shall be punished if…/征求意見 4.習(xí)慣(總是)：will He will get up at 6 every day. Accidents will happen. 5.意愿：will (近9年考了1題) 6.語氣：must(偏偏), should（竟然）(近9年考了1題) Should have done 7.對(duì)過去進(jìn)行推測(cè)或者虛擬：+have done (近9年考了6題) may/might/can/could have done must have done---can’t have done 虛擬： should have done，needn’t have done could have done， might have done 1.【xx江蘇】 —Happy birthday! —Thank you! It’s the best present I _____ for. A. should have wished B. must have wished. C. may have wished D. could have wished 2.【xx江蘇】 Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but______ say where he was. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt 3.【2011江蘇】 — I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. — How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 4.【xx江蘇】 —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 5.【xx江蘇】 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 6.【xx江蘇】 —I’m sorry. I _____ at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 7.【xx江蘇】 —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 8.【xx江蘇】 — I think I’ll give Bob a ring. —You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. should 9.【xx江蘇】 —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. —Oh, dear! She_______ a lot of difficulties! A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through 10. 【xx江蘇】 It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D. could 第三節(jié) 虛擬語氣 Part I If sb….., s v o If you had worked harder, you would have succeeded.（過去完成，過去將來完成） Had you worked… If I stayed in US now, I would visit…. If I went/should go/were to go to US tomorrow, I would visit…(did, would do) Should I go to…, Were I to go to…, Part II虛實(shí) …but… I would have achieved the first prize, but I didn’t. I…would have done…otherwise. Part III 表示愿望： would rather…(had done, did) (近9年考了1題) if only…(had done, did/would do) wish…(had done, did/would do) as if… Part IV和名從結(jié)合 It be + 某些特定形容詞/名詞/過去分詞 +that +sb. (should) do sth. 常見形容詞: 奇怪,自然,重要,必要：strange, natural, important, necessary, urgent(近9年考了1題) 凡是以下名詞后的句子： advice，decision, desire, demand, suggestion, wish, preference, proposal, remendation, requirement, order 1.【xx江蘇】 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 2.【xx江蘇】 —Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York? —I agree, but the problem is _____ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that  B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 3.【xx江蘇】 I should not have laughed if I ______ you were serious. A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought 30. C。本題考查非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語氣。根據(jù)主句中should not have laughed可知，本句所講與過去事實(shí)相反。If引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句結(jié)構(gòu)為had done.。所以選A。 【句意】如果我當(dāng)時(shí)想到你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會(huì)笑了。 第四節(jié) 非謂語動(dòng)詞 基礎(chǔ)版 句子 ( V2 ), S, ( V2 ) V O , ( V2 ) v2= to do(為了…), doing(主動(dòng)), done（被動(dòng)） Walking in the garden, I found a book written in 1992 on the ground. 非謂語動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)用途：修飾某個(gè)名詞，說明句子主語的行為方式或說明主句的因果、條件等。 注意：有些題目并非考充當(dāng)狀語、定語或補(bǔ)語的非謂語動(dòng)詞，而是考查充當(dāng)主語或賓語的動(dòng)名詞或不定式。（近9年考了2題） 進(jìn)階版 一、 不定式的用法（除目的功能外）： （目的：近9年考了5題；時(shí)態(tài)：1題；其它沒有涉及） 1. only to do意外的結(jié)果 I came home gladly, only to find my house broken into. only finding my dinner ready. 2. 形容詞 + to do He is easy to deal with. The novel is hard to read. 3. His ability to swim 4. 不定式的完成時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí) Be reported to have done Happen to have met him 二、分詞的用法： （作狀語近9年考了6題；作定語近9年考了1題) 第一步，找主干，主謂賓，要分清(s? o?) 第二步，主被動(dòng)，主動(dòng)ing, 被動(dòng)加ed (首先排除to do) 第三步，看先后，主動(dòng)先完成having done 特別注意： （1）修飾名詞：n( ) to do—將要（被）做的 to be done doing——正在，主動(dòng) being done正在被做 done——已完成，被動(dòng) 不能用having been done the man to finish the work要完成這個(gè)工作的人 the man talking to him和他交談的那個(gè)人 the problem to be discussed要討論的問題 the problem being discussed正在討論的問題 the problem discussed討論了的問題 （2）公式： 一件事，結(jié)果 S V O, doing… I study very hard, achieving my success at last. 三、作賓補(bǔ)的常見考法：（近9年考了3題） have(使): He has his workers ___working__ all the day. (work) He has his bike __repaired___ by Tom. (repair) He has his son __buy____ a book for him.(buy) get（使）：He gets his workers ___working__ all the day. (work) He gets his bike __repaired___ by Tom. (repair) He gets his son __to buy____ a book for him.(buy) keep (一直使)：He keeps his workers ___working__ all the day. (work) He keeps his bike __repaired___ by Tom. (repair) Keep me informed of your news. with(有，隨著)：With the time going by, I knew a lot about him. He came in with his hands tied back. see/hear/notice/feel: I saw him cross the street. (動(dòng)作的完成) I saw him crossing the street.（正在做） I saw him punished by his teacher. （被動(dòng)） 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) He is seen to cross the street. He is seen crossing the street. He is seen punished. 1.【xx江蘇】 ______ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base 2.【xx江蘇】 The old man, ____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 3.【xx江蘇】The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu , _____ the students to return to their classrooms. A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled 4.【xx江蘇】 Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said 5.【xx江蘇】 _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 6．【2011江蘇】 Recently a survey ______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. pared B. paring C. pares D. being pared 7.【xx江蘇】 Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ______ reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 8.【xx江蘇】 Distinguished guests and friends, wele to our school, _____ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended 9.【xx江蘇】 To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 10.【xx江蘇】 My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good 11.【xx江蘇】 He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest 12.【xx江蘇】 --- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. --- My goodness! I can’t imagine ____ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been 13.【xx江蘇】 ----Is Bob still performing? ----I’m afraid not. He is said_____ the stage already as he has bee an official A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 14.【xx江蘇】 Lionel Messi, ______ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set 24. D?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞用法。解題關(guān)鍵：判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)得知，Lionel Messi is considered the most talented football player in Europe為主句， _____ the record for the most goals in a calendar year在句中作狀語，set與邏輯主語Lionel Messi構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故先排除A；再根據(jù)句意，“創(chuàng)立記錄在先，被認(rèn)為是最有才華球員在后”，故用having set。所以選D。 15.【xx江蘇】 The lecture had been given, a lively question-and-answer session followed. A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given = done S1V1O1, S2V2O2 第五節(jié) 代詞 （近9年考了5題） 考點(diǎn)一：指示代詞的用法 1. such, so的用法 1）such指如前所述的這樣的人或物。如： Such is Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.這就是阿爾伯特.愛因斯坦，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)樸而又成績(jī)卓著的人。 2）so作指示代詞時(shí)，代替一個(gè)句子或短語所表達(dá)的事情，一般用在believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess，hope后。 2. one, ones, the one, the ones的區(qū)別 one用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞，表泛指概念；ones用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也表示泛指概念；the one用來代替前面特指的單數(shù)名詞；the ones用來代替前面特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如： Mr Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (=a present)that I had never seen.張先生給了我一件非常有價(jià)值的禮物——一件我從來沒有見過的禮物。 The book on the desk is better than that/the one under the desk.書桌上面的這本書比書桌下面的那本好。 考點(diǎn)二：不定代詞 all，both，either，neither，none，nothing的用法比較 不定代詞 用法 all 表示“(三者或三者以上)都”，指人或所有的物，看作復(fù)數(shù)；指抽象的概念，作“一切”講，看作單數(shù)。 both 表示“(兩者)都”。 either 表示“(兩者中)任何一者”。 neither 表示“(兩者)都不”。 none 表示“(三者或三者以上)都不”。 none = not any, not one 一點(diǎn)也沒有；一個(gè)也沒有，即數(shù)量概念。既可指人，也可指物，代指上文提到的事物，含特指概念。 nothing nothing = not anything, 意為"沒有任何東西;什么也沒有"，強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容，只能指物，泛指。 it，one，that的區(qū)別 代詞 用法 it 意為“它”，特指前面提到過的同一人或者物。 that 意為“那個(gè)”，指代那類人或事物，既可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞，也可以指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于the one。 one 意為“一個(gè)”，指代前面出現(xiàn)過的那類事物中的“一個(gè)”。 考點(diǎn)三：數(shù)詞 一、倍數(shù)如何表達(dá) 表達(dá)倍數(shù)時(shí)，一倍用once，兩倍用twice/double，三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞+times”。數(shù)詞表達(dá)倍數(shù)常見于下列四種句式中： ①倍數(shù)+as…as… Our playground is three times as big as theirs.我們的操場(chǎng)是他們的三倍大。 ②倍數(shù)+the size/weight/height/depth/width/age/length of The Green’s house is almost twice the size of their neighbours. 格林家的房子幾乎是他們鄰居的兩倍大。 ③倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than Mr. Yang is twice older than us.楊先生的年齡比我們大一倍。 ④倍數(shù)+what從句 The size of our town is twice what it was five years ago.我們鎮(zhèn)子的面積是五年前的兩倍。 1.【xx江蘇】 Sophia waited for a reply, but ____ came. A. either B. another C. neither D. none 2. 【xx江蘇】 Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children pared with ______ of their parents. A. those B. one C. both D. that 3.【xx江蘇】 My most famous relative of all, _______ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. A. one B. the one C. he D. someone 4.【xx江蘇】 I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than________ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 5.【xx江蘇】 Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 第五節(jié) 復(fù)合句 一、 名詞性從句 （that引導(dǎo)的主語從句：近9年考了1題） （表語從句：近9年考了2題） （what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句近9年考了3題） （同位語從句近9年考了1題） S=（連詞+句子） + V + O=（連詞+句子） S/O: n./pron doing/to do His death is a fact. Going shopping is my hobby. He was dead this morning is a fact. （錯(cuò)誤） 改正： It is a fact that+He was dead this morning. 考點(diǎn)一： That +陳述性事實(shí)（完整的句子） whether/if +是否 what/which/who what “什么, 什么樣的，……的東西”, “the thing that”, “句子缺少主語或賓語” What he said surprised me. which “哪一個(gè)” (有選擇的范圍) who ---誰 I know who was late. where/when/why/how I don’t know where he es. (完整的句子) 考點(diǎn)二:同位語從句 I heard the news that Tom won. you don’t know The news worried me that he was late. 考點(diǎn)三：兩組區(qū)別 Whatever = anything that… whoever = anyone who… Whoever arives first will get the prize. Who 二、定語從句 ________, S _______ + V + O, __________ __________ ：to do/doing/done in …/at… 定語從句---關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞 +句子舉例：A boy (standing at the door) shouted at me. (who stood at the door) 考點(diǎn)一：基本用法（近9年考了8題） 關(guān)系代詞：who, whose(…的)，that |||| that, which 補(bǔ)充：which指代前面整個(gè)句子； ||||| 。。。。， which… 關(guān)系副詞：why, when, where 解題方法： 1. 確定s v o——找出被修飾的詞（先行詞）：s 或o 2. 分析從句: 缺主語、賓語(關(guān)系代詞可以省 略), 定語——關(guān)系代詞 缺狀語（完整的句子）——關(guān)系副詞 舉例： This is the factory __where__ I worked last year. __ that __ I visited last year. 考點(diǎn)二：介詞+which/whom（近9年考了2題） __________, which… --- ____________, of/about/from of which/whom… 舉例： I have three brothers, of whom(不能用them) two are abroad. 1)根據(jù)先行詞 2）根據(jù)從句動(dòng)詞搭配 It is a topic, about which I have talked with my friend last night. ---數(shù)詞、the n. 、+of which/whom… -----，the book of which/whom… With whose help I… I admire Tom, for whom||||| English is very easy to learn. 三、狀語從句（近9年考了7題） 連詞+句子，主句 時(shí)間：When/while while---動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性 be doing…/be about to/had just done sth…..when(就在此時(shí))…. the moment/the instant/immediately = as soon as since 自從……+did sth. before: It will be…before… 地點(diǎn)：Where 比較：n., where… be where… Where there is a river, there is life. 讓步：although/though…yet… Though he is young, he knows a lot.= Young though/as he is, … despite the fact that… even if/though即使 no matter who--- I will give the prize to him no matter who wins ,. whoever anyone who ----I will give the prize to whoever win. 條件：so long as/as long as只要 on condition that…只要 if/Provided that…假如 as if似乎 Given that…如果 unless = if…not… when=盡管；但是；因?yàn)? 因果：since considering that…/n.考慮到 in that 結(jié)果/目的： so that以便于 =in order that 結(jié)果 名詞性從句 1.【2011江蘇】 It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. A. that B. how C. when D. why 2.【xx江蘇】 —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s