2019-2020年中考英語解題策略 完形填空.doc

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2019-2020年中考英語解題策略 完形填空 完形填空就是由出題者在一篇語意連貫的文章中有目的地去掉一些詞語，形成空格，要求在給出的對應(yīng)的備選答案中，選出一個正確或最佳答案的題型。它不僅可考查學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)知識，還可考查學(xué)生綜合分析和運(yùn)用語言的能力。具體考查的有語法知識、句型、固定搭配及習(xí)慣用法，對詞匯、句子及文章的理解，對作者意圖的掌握等內(nèi)容。根據(jù)考查形式的不同，完形填空可分為: 選擇型完形填空; 選詞型完形填空; 首字母提示型完型填空; 中文意思填空型完形填空等。 【題型特點(diǎn)】 完形填空以考查實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔，突出詞匯考查的語境化; 體裁以記敘文為主，內(nèi)容貼近生活。其命題特點(diǎn)如下: 1.重語境 完形填空著眼于整體理解，必須在對短文大意進(jìn)行了解的基礎(chǔ)上才能較準(zhǔn)確地推知答案，因此，需要注意上下句的邏輯關(guān)系以及整篇文章的情節(jié)。 2.重實(shí)詞 完形填空的命題是在一句話中的關(guān)鍵詞語上做文章。這種詞語大多是名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等實(shí)詞，當(dāng)然也不排除能左右文章內(nèi)容的一些虛詞，如介詞、連詞等。 3.重首句 首句通常不設(shè)選項(xiàng)。這是因?yàn)榈谝痪涫呛诵木洌怯^察全文的窗口，對熟悉語境、確定時態(tài)、推測文章大意等起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。 4.重快速領(lǐng)悟文章主旨的能力 完形城空題的特點(diǎn)在于人為地設(shè)置了很多空格，使文章支離破碎、殘缺不全，這就造成了理解上障礙。需要考生跳過空格，快速領(lǐng)悟文章主旨。只有這樣，才能保證思路連貫，在閱讀、理解的過程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。 5.對文章的整體把握能力 對文章的整體把握就是指根據(jù)文章的主旨，通過上下文暗示。對整篇文章、整個段落或整個意群整體文意的把握。 6.重考察排除干擾、辨析詞義的能力 完形城空題中干擾項(xiàng)的干擾，一般與語法結(jié)構(gòu)無太大關(guān)系。重在文意干擾。因此，只要把握了文意和具體的語境，通過對詞義的辨析，一些干擾項(xiàng)就容易被排除。 題型1【xx四川南充中考】 選擇型完形填空 A king was old and he knew it was time to choose a new king. He told all the young people in his country, “I will give _36_ of you a seed (種子). Plant it and bring it back one year later. Show me the plants that you bring, _37_ I’ll choose a new king from you.” A boy __38__ Peter got a seed, too. He planted it _39_. But the seed didn’t grow at all. A year later, Peter had to take his _40_ box to the palace. Others all brought beautiful plants there and Peter felt _41_. The king _42_ the palace and looked around. When he found there was nothing in Peter’s box, the king smiled and said to the others, “One year ago, I gave everyone a seed _43_ couldn’t grow. But all of you, _44_ Peter, have brought me plants and flowers. Peter was the only one with the honesty (誠實(shí)) and courage to bring _45_ a box. So he will be the new king!” 36. A. neither B. each C. both 37. A. but B. although C. and 38. A. helped B. asked C. named 39. A. carefully B. careful C. careless 40. A. full B. empty C. beautiful 41. A. excited B. sad C. happy 42. A. reached B. got C. arrived 43. A. who B. what C. which 44. A. besides B. except C. with 45. A. such B. so C. as 【主旨大意】短文記敘了一位老國王選新國王方法：他發(fā)給每個年青人一粒種子叫他們?nèi)シN植，他將從他們中選擇一位新國王。一年后，彼特帶了一個空箱子到宮殿來，其他人都帶漂亮的植物。然而國王一年前給的是一粒不能生長的種子。彼特是唯一一個具有誠實(shí)和勇氣帶要空箱子的一個人，國王選彼特成為新國王。故事告訴我們：做人一定要誠實(shí)。 36.【解析】選B 代詞辨析。句意：我將給你們每人一顆種子。neither 意為“兩者都不”；each 意為“每個”；both意為“兩者都”。each of you “你們每個人”。故選B。 37.【解析】選C 連詞辨析。句意：將你們帶來的植物給我看，我將從你們中選擇一位新國王。but“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折；although “雖然”；and 表示承接。此外兩個分句間承接并系，故選C。 38.【解析】選C 動詞辨析。句意：一個名叫彼特的男孩也得到了粒種子。a boy named Peter “一名名叫彼特的男孩”。 39.【解析】選A 副詞用法。句意：他細(xì)心地種植它。carefully “細(xì)心地”，在句中作狀語修飾動詞planted；而careful和careless都是形容詞，不可以作狀語。故選A。 40.【解析】選B 文意理解。根據(jù)下文When he found there was nothing in Peter’s box, 可知“彼特不得不將他空箱子帶到宮殿來”。full“滿的”；empty“空的”；beautiful “漂亮的”。根據(jù)文意選B。 41.【解析】選B 文意理解。他帶了一個空箱子到宮殿來，其他人都帶漂亮的植物，因此，“彼特感到難受”。excited “激動的”；sad “難受的”；happy“高興的”。故選B。 42.【解析】選A 動詞辨析。reach是及物動詞，后接名詞作賓語；get作為“到達(dá)”講，是不及物動詞，需要加上介詞to才可接名詞作賓語；arrive作為“到達(dá)”講，也是不及特動詞，需要加上介詞at或in才可接名詞作賓語。故選A。 43.【解析】選C 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：一年前我給了你們每人一粒不能生長的種子。本句中的先行詞a seed 是物，故引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用which。所以選C。 44.【解析】選B 文意理解和介詞辨析。句意：但是除了彼特以外，你們每個人都給我?guī)砹酥参锖突āesides “除…以外”，需要加上它后面的內(nèi)容；except “除…以外”需要排除它后面的內(nèi)容；with“帶有”。根據(jù)句意及介詞的含義選B。 45.【解析】選A 文意理解和詞義用法辨析。句意：彼特是唯一一個具有誠實(shí)和勇氣帶要如此箱子的一個人。such “如此的”，后接名詞或名詞性短語；so “如此”后接形容詞或副詞；as 意為“作為，由于”等，沒有“如此的”含義。所以選A。 題型2選詞填空 Know，work，lucky，child，proud，interest，decide，problem，good，he， 閱讀下面的短文，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文意思完整、通順。每空一次。 Martin Murray is a school boy and he is fifteen years old. He used to be a “problem child". He used to give his mother many____1____. However, After his fathers death，Martins life became much more difficult. His mother couldnt afford to pay for her ___2____ education. She had to work，and so was often not at home. His mother tried her best to look after him. Unfortunately，Martin still caused trouble. He was not ____3_____ in studying and he often got into trouble with the police. ____4___, his mother was very patient and didnt give up trying to help him. In the end，she made a difficult ______5_____ to send him to a boys boarding school. Martin hated it and caused a lot of trouble. One day，he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Martin was wasting his time. The head teacher said it was necessary for Martin to talk with his mother. Martin called his mother，but to his surprise，this conversation changed his life.“It was exactly what I needed，”he said.“I____6____ how much my mother had given me. She also told me that even though my father was not with us，he was watching me and would always take___7___ in everything good I do. Thats when I decided to change.” Now Martin has really changed. He____8____ hard and gets“As" in all subjects. He is now one of the___9___ students in his class.. His mother helps him to feel good about ____10____，and as he says，“Its very important for parents to be there for their children.” 1.________ 2.___________, 3. _________, 4. _________, 5. _________, 6. _________, 7. _________,8. _________,9. _________,10. _________ 【解題技巧】 本題是選詞填空型，通讀后可知本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了一個名叫Martin Murral的小男孩。他過去 被稱作問題少年，常常惹麻煩，直到他毋親與他進(jìn)行一次長談，才徹底改變了他，將一個問題少年變成一個優(yōu)等生。 1.problems。名詞考查題?！八^去常常給他媽媽帶來許多麻煩”，“問題，麻煩”應(yīng)用problem，在這里應(yīng)使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式、所以正確答案為problems, 2. childs 名詞所有格考查題。’‘她承擔(dān)不起她孩子上學(xué)的費(fèi)用”，’孩子的”應(yīng)用名詞所有格，所以正確答案為child’s 3. interested。形容詞考查題?！啊八麑W(xué)習(xí)不感興趣。短語be interested in表示“對……感興趣”，所以正確答案為形容詞interested. 4. Luckily.副詞考查題。“幸運(yùn)地，他的母親對他很有耐心，并沒有放棄他”，“幸運(yùn)地”用luckily, 在句首，首字母要大寫。所以正確答案為Luckily. 5. decision.名詞考察題?！白詈笏隽艘粋€艱難的決定”，“做決定、下決心“用make a decision，此處為名詞、并用其單數(shù)形式。所以正確答案為decision. 6. know。動詞考查題?！拔抑牢业膵寢尀槲腋冻隽撕芏唷?，“知道"know,在這里用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以正確答案為know. 7. pride。動詞短語考查題。此句為“他的父親一直在關(guān)注他，并為他做的每一件好事而感到自豪，動詞短語“對……感到自豪”take pride in, 短語中間應(yīng)使用名詞pride。所以正確答案為pride. 8. works。動詞考查題?！八W(xué)習(xí)，并各科都得到了‘A"，and前后并列動詞短語時態(tài)保持一致，都用一般現(xiàn)在時的單三形式。所以正確答案為works. 9. best。形容詞考查題?！八F(xiàn)在是班級中最好的學(xué)生之一”，“最好的’用形容good的最高級best,所以正確答案為best. 10. himself。代詞考查題?！八膵寢寧退械阶孕拧?，“感到自信”用feel good about oneself，這里的代詞用反身代詞，所以正確答案為himself. 題型3(萊蕪中考)首字母填空型 Leo and his father didnt talk for 10 years. 10 years ago, Leos mother(1)d______. He thought it was his father who caused his mothers illness. He hated his father. Now they were sitting in a nice ( 2)c______ shop. Suddenly his father asked the waiter to put some salt in his coffee. Leo was surprised. His father smiled and said, "Before you were born, your mother and I often had (3) f______ playing in the sea. We could taste the sea，just ( 4)I_______ the taste of the salty coffee. Every time I have salty coffee, I always think of your mother. 1 (5) m_______ her so much.” Leo was deeply moved(感動)，He never knew his father had such deep (6) l______ for his mother. One month later, he moved to live (7) w______ his father. Every time he made coffee for him, he put some salt in the coffee. After 10 years, his father died. Leo received a(8)l_____ which said，“Dear Leo，please forgive my lifes lie一the salty coffee. Actually at that (9) t________ I wanted some sugar, but I said salt. It was hard for me to change，so I just went ahead. Now let me (10)I_______ you the truth. I dont like salty, but I drink salty coffee, for 10 years! Having you with me is the biggest happiness of my whole life.” 【解題技巧】 本題是首字母填空型試題。通讀后可知本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述的是力歐和他的父親關(guān)于咖啡加鹽的故事。力歐一直以為是他的父親導(dǎo)致他母親的死亡，所以他恨他的父親。直到一次在咖啡店里喝咖啡讓他明白了他的父親對他母親的愛。 1.died,動詞考查題。后面的句意是：他認(rèn)為他的父親造成他毋親的病。由此句的意思及首字母可知是死的意思，本句用的是一般過去時。所以答案應(yīng)寫died, 2. coffee。名詞考查題。做本題時從單句是無法得出答案的，因此需要聯(lián)系前后句子，特別是后面的句子：突然他的父親要求服務(wù)員往他的咖啡里放些鹽，根據(jù)此句可知空格處指的應(yīng)是咖啡。所以答案應(yīng)寫coffee, 3. fun。名詞考查題。通讀整個句子可知本句的意思是: 你出生前，你的母親和我過去常常在海邊玩得很快樂。根據(jù)句意可知答案應(yīng)寫fun, 4. like。介詞考查題。通讀整個句子可知本句的意思是:我們嘗著海水，(它的)味道就像這個加鹽的咖啡一樣?？崭裉幈硎镜囊馑际恰跋瘢粯印?。所以答案應(yīng)寫like. 5. miss。動詞考查題。前面一句的意思是:我總是想起你媽媽。由這句的意思再結(jié)合后面的句子可知句意為:我非常想念她。所以答案應(yīng)寫miss. 6. love。名詞考查題。聯(lián)系前文可知本句的意思是:他從來不知道他的父親對他的母親有著如此深的愛。結(jié)合首字母可知答案應(yīng)寫love. 7. with。介詞考查題。聯(lián)系前文可知本句的意思是: 一個月后，他搬去和父親住在一起。答案寫with. 8. letter。名詞考查題。聯(lián)系前文可知本句的意思是: 他收到了一封信。故答案應(yīng)寫letter. 9. time。名詞考查題。聯(lián)系前文可知本句的意思是: 在那次(也就是在咖啡里加鹽那次) 我想要些糖，所以答案應(yīng)寫time.. 10. tell。動詞考查題。通讀整個句子可知本句的意思是：讓我告訴你真相。tell the truth告知真相 為固定搭配。故答案應(yīng)寫tell 題型4(玉林中考)中文意思填空型 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語意思填詞，使短文意思完整、通順。每空一詞。 It was Christmas time in xx. I had no idea that this would be the last Christmas we would____1___(度過) with Mom. It was snowing hard and very cold. It was a very____2____(特別的)Christmas for me---you see Mom never owned a new coat. Mom got ill when she was a _____2____ (年輕的) child and she became disabled. One of her legs was larger than the other. At times she would she would have trouble walking, but she never plained. Mum always treated my friends with kindness and they were always wele at our house anytime. I ____4____(記得) my good friend Glen ing over and talking with Mom even when I wasnt at home. Mom was always willing to lend a listening ___5___(耳朵). Moms all clothes were four dresses, four pairs of shoes, a ___6___ (白色的)blouse, and a yellow____7____(毛衣). I decided that I would buy Mom a coat that year, so I took her down to find something for Christmas. As we went past the coat store, one of the coats in the store caught Moms eyes. I asked her to try on the coat for fun. She said that we did not have the money to buy the coat. But after long talk with Mom，___8__(最后)we left the store with Mom wearing that nice coat. She agreed that the coat did look good on her. I will ever thank for this opportunity，being able to give back just a little. This was the nicest coat that she ever owned. In ___9___ (三月) of xx, Mom died at age 42. As I look back on my mothers life，it was filled with acts of kindness. Giving came from her heart. She was willing to help others whenever it was ____10____(可能的).I learn a lot from my mother. 1.________,2. ________，3. ________，4. ________，5. ________，6. ________，7. ________，8. ________，9. ________，10________ 【解題技巧】 本文是中文提示型填空題。做本題時先快速通讀本文以了解本文大意。本文是一篇記敘文，作者在文中主要回憶了自己媽媽的體弱多病、善良和節(jié)儉，后來作者在xx年圣誕節(jié)與媽媽一起度過并給媽媽買了一件新外套，但這卻是作者最后一次與媽媽過圣誕節(jié)。在xx年三月媽媽病逝了。通過這篇文章作者表達(dá)了對媽媽深深的懷念。 1. spend。動詞考查題?！拔也恢肋@將是與媽媽一起度過的最后一個圣誕節(jié)”，“度過”應(yīng)用spend, 在would后使用動詞原行婚，所以正確答案為spend, 2. Special。形容詞考查題?！皩τ谖襾碚f，這是一個特別的圣誕節(jié)，特別的”應(yīng)用special，所以正確答案為special 3. young. 形容詞考查題?！耙粋€年輕的孩子”應(yīng)為 a young child,表示年齡小，使用形容詞young, 所以正確答案為young。 4. remember。動詞考查題。“記得” remember, 此處表示現(xiàn)在還記得，使用一般現(xiàn)在時用原形。所以正確答案為remember, 5. ear,名詞考查題。“耳朵”ear，此處因?yàn)榍懊嬗胁欢ü谠~a，用單數(shù)，所以正確答案為ear, 6. white, 形容詞考查題?！鞍咨摹眞hile，所以正確答案為white, 7. sweater,名詞考查題。“毛衣”sweater，前面有不定冠詞。這里用單數(shù)，所以正確答案為。sweater, 8. finally。副詞考查題。“最后”finally/at last/in the end，在這里每空填一詞，所以正確答案為finally, 9. March。名詞考查題。“三月”March，月份的首字母要大寫，所以正確答案為March, 10. possible。形容詞考查題?！翱赡艿摹眕ossible，所以正確答案為possible。 題型5(棗莊中考)用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空型 If you travel around China you ____1___ (notice)a very popular activity everywhere you___2___ (go)一basketball. This much-loved sport___3__ (enjoy) by many, for fun and exercise. It___4___ (believe) that on December 21st，1891，the first basketball game in history was played. Then in 1936 in Berlin，it became an Olympic event. A team from China___5__ (take) part，and although they___6___ (win) they___7___ (use) the experience to help develop the game at home. Since then the popularity of basketball____8____ (rise) worldwide, and the number of foreign players in Americas NBA___9____ (increase). Basketball has bee a more popular sport for people to watch，and many young people dream of ___10___ (bee) famous basketball players. 1.________, 2. ________, 3. ________, 4. ________, 5________, 6. ________, 7________, 8. ________, 9________, 10. ________, 【解題技巧】 本文是適當(dāng)形式型填空題。做本題時先快速通讀本文以了解本文大意。本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了籃球運(yùn)動的誕生、發(fā)展及最終成為在全世界都深受歡迎的運(yùn)動。 1. will notice?？疾閷頃r。前面句子的意思:如果你在中國四處旅游，由句中的If(如果)可知后面的句子中用將來時。if(如果)+從句(一般現(xiàn)在時)，主句(一般將來時)。故答案應(yīng)寫will notice 2. go?？疾閯釉~。聯(lián)系整個句子可知句子的意思是: 無論你去哪兒你都會注意到一項(xiàng)非常受歡迎的運(yùn)動。本句所說的只是一般情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。故答案應(yīng)寫go 3. is enjoyed,考查被動語態(tài)。主語籃球運(yùn)動是“喜歡、享受”的承受者。應(yīng)該用被動、或直接把by many作為信號詞、即:by sb.是被動語態(tài)的標(biāo)志。 4. is believed.考查固定句型。Its believed that... "是“據(jù)說……。人們認(rèn)為……”的意思.屬于固定結(jié)構(gòu)。 5. took,考查動詞的過去式。in加過去的年代是一般過去時的標(biāo)志。 6. didnt win?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。由although可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，此處表示“盡管他們沒贏”，應(yīng)用否定形式，且“沒贏”是過去的一般事實(shí)，故用didnt win 7. used?？疾檫B詞and的運(yùn)用。and連接的前后兩個動詞的時態(tài)、詞形和詞性一般應(yīng)該是相同的。 8. has risen。考查動詞的時態(tài)。表示從過去某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或仍將持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志。 9. has increased?？疾閠he number of的運(yùn)用。The number of短語作主語，謂語動詞用單三形式; 此處and連接的前后句子的時態(tài)應(yīng)該是相同的。 10. being?？疾榻樵~后的動詞。of是信號詞，即介詞后的動詞要用動名詞形式。 【方法點(diǎn)撥】如何做完形填空題: 1.通讀全文，掌握大意，把握結(jié)構(gòu)。做題之前必須先集中精力快速地將短文讀一遍，掌握其大意;同時把準(zhǔn)文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò)和文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合，要注意段落與段落之間，句與句之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，領(lǐng)悟暗示。這樣，答題時才能做到心中有數(shù)。 2.精讀第一句。它是了解全文大意的基石，往往是文章的主題句，根據(jù)它來把握文章的中心思想，為下面答題莫定基礎(chǔ)。 3.從上下文尋找信息詞。完形填空所選的文章都是具有邏輯關(guān)系、意義相關(guān)的語篇，而詞語的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞的使用是重要的連句成篇的紐帶，因此，在行文中不可避免地會出現(xiàn)詞語的復(fù)現(xiàn)，前后同義詞、反義詞相互照應(yīng)等現(xiàn)象。 4.形意結(jié)合，前后參照。完形填空所要求填的答案在意義上必須和短文內(nèi)容相符語法規(guī)則和習(xí)慣用法。，形式上必須符合語法規(guī)則和習(xí)慣用法。