2019-2020年高考英語仿真模擬試題全解全析（9）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語仿真模擬試題全解全析（9） 注意事項(xiàng)： 1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和考生號、試室號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。 2．選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。 3．非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。 4．考生必須保持答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。 Ⅰ. 語言知識及應(yīng)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分） 第一節(jié) 完形填空 （共10小題，每小題2分，滿分20分） 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1—15各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification. Children identify with(“把……和……聯(lián)系起來”) a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 1 of that parent. The things parents do and say — and the 2 they do and say to them—therefore strongly influence a childs 3 .However, parents must consistently behave like the type of 4 they want their child to bee. A parents actions 5 affect the self-image that a child forms through identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their 6 will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly 7 qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in themselves. Children may 8 their self-image; however, as they bee increasingly 9 by peers’ group standards before they reach 13. Isolated events, even dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a permanent 10 on a childs behavior. Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, 11 , accept the divorce of their parents or a parents early 12 .But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events as a sign of rejection or punishment. In the same way, all children are not influenced 13 by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. 14 in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the 15 of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it. 1. A. informed B. characteristic C. conceived D. indicative 2. A. gesture B. expression C. way D. extent 3. A. behavior B. words C. mood D. reactions 4. A. person B. humans C. creatures D. adult 5. A. in turn B. nevertheless C. also D. as a result 6. A. eyes B. parents C. peers D. behaviors 7. A. negative B. cheerful C. various D. plex 8. A. modify B. copy C. give up D. continue 9. A. mature B. influenced C. unique D. independent 10. A. idea B. wonder C. stamp D. effect 11. A. luckily B. for example C. at most D. theoretically 12. A. death B. rewards C. advice D. teaching 13. A. even B. at all C. alike D. as a whole 14. A. Oh B. Alas C. Right D. As 15. A. result B. effect C. scale D. cause 1---15 BCAAC BAABD BACDB 1. B 文中的意思是“……代表他父母特點(diǎn)的品質(zhì)和情感”。Inform“通知”；conceive“想象”；indicative“指示的”；characteristic“特點(diǎn)、特性”。 2. C 這里way是指父母的行為方式。gesture手勢，expression表情，extent范圍，這三項(xiàng)與上行文不符。 3. A 這里是說父母的行為方式對孩子的行為影響強(qiáng)烈。behavior行為，words語言，mood心情，reactions反應(yīng)，均不符合題意。 4. A 這里是說父母必須始終如一地表現(xiàn)出想讓他們的孩子成為的那種類型的人。human指人類，creatures指生物，adult指成年人。 5. C 前面是說父母的言行會強(qiáng)烈地影響孩子的行為，這里是說父母的言行還影響孩子的自我形象，所以用連詞also。in turn依次；nevertheless然而；as a result結(jié)果。 6. B 根據(jù)下文：Children who observe chiefly negative qualities in their parents…，可以看出答案。 7. A 由上句positive可以推測出此處要選其反義詞negative。 8. A 由however可以看出，這句話的意思是對前面“子女的自我形象要受到父母的言行影響”的轉(zhuǎn)折。modify“修改、修飾”；give up“放棄”。copy和continue不符合文義。 9. B influenced“受影響的”；mature“成熟的”；unique“惟一的”；independent“獨(dú)立的”。句后用by…作介詞短語，故此處需要一個(gè)過去分詞。 10. D 這里是說“孤立的事件，甚至是富有戲劇性的事，都不一定會對孩子的行為產(chǎn)生永久的影響”。have an effect on“對……產(chǎn)生影響”，固定搭配。 11. B 逗號后面的一句是對前句的解釋，是舉例說明，故選for example。 12. A 這里or與連接的兩個(gè)詞都應(yīng)是意義相似的令人不愉快的事，選項(xiàng)中與divorce相對應(yīng)的詞只有death。 13. C 這句是說“并不是所有的孩子同樣地都受到玩具、游戲、讀物、電視節(jié)目的影響。alike“同樣地”，意思最接近。 14. D as“正如……”；A、B項(xiàng)選擇是感嘆詞，后面多用逗號。Right在意思上不合適。 15. B 本句意為：家庭關(guān)系的突然變化或某種經(jīng)歷對孩子的影響取決于他們對這些事如何理解。result“結(jié)果”；effect“影響”；scale“刻度”；cause“原因”。 第二節(jié)：語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分） 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。 Many patients who don’t want to tell their doctor how much they really drink are often more honest with a puter. The puter __16__ (use) for this purpose is programmed to be friendly. For example, if a patient called Ann says that __17__ her parents are dead, the puter will say: “I’m sorry to hear that, Ann.” Apart from expressing sympathy, the puter __18___ also question and remind. If a patient says he __19__ drinks alcohol, the puter can ask him, “Never? Not even at parties or at Christmas?” Does this direct contact __20__ the patient and the puter mean that we do not need doctors any more? It depends. puters are useful __21__ they do not look shocked if you say you drink two bottles of whisky __22__ day. And they do not stop to talk on the phone as doctors often do. But ___23___ a doctor said, “We smile and we give a patient a handkerchief or put arm around her shoulder if she __24__ (cry). That is ___25___ people will always want us.” [全解全析] 本文講計(jì)算機(jī)在就診中的作用，同時(shí)也談到醫(yī)生的不可替代性。 16. used 因The puter與use是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞短語作定語。 17. both 由her parents想到用表示兩者的both。 18. can 主語the puter是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞卻是原形，因此，此處可能是填情態(tài)動詞；由句意可知電腦也“能”提問和提醒。另外，從下文the puter can ask him也可提到啟示。 19. never 由下文電腦的問話Never? 可知。 20. between 指在病人和電腦這兩者之間。 21. because 因后一分句與前一分句之間是因果關(guān)系。 22. a 表示“每一”。 23. as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，表示“正如……的”。 24. is crying 醫(yī)生應(yīng)當(dāng)在病人“正在哭時(shí)”，遞給她手巾。 25. why 因前面已講清了原因，要引出結(jié)果，用“That is why…(表語從句表示結(jié)果)”。 Ⅲ.閱讀 第一節(jié)　閱讀理解 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the munity. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veterans hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders(教會) or other non-profit groups. Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal governments Public Health Service. Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not unmon for medical doctors to earn ines of more than $ 100 000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to bee a physician in the United States. Most would be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20 000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10 000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency(實(shí)習(xí)階段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low. Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each others patients in emergencies. Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death. 26. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by _______. A. a church B. a corporation C. a city D. a state 27. The expenses for being a doctor are spent on _______. A. schooling and retraining B. practice in a hospital C. facilities he or she uses D. education he or she receives 28. According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to bee an independent physician in the USA? A. About seven years. B. Eight years. C. Ten years. D. About twelve years. 29. Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _______. A. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of them B. they can take turns to work long hours C. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulder D. no one wants to assume too much responsibility 30. Which of the following statements could fully express the authors view towards physicians’ payment in the USA? A. For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay. B. It is reasonable for physicians to have a large ine because their work is very dangerous. C. Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions. D. Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded. [全解全析] 26—30 BDDCA 在美國，醫(yī)師是高報(bào)酬職業(yè)之一。這是由于他們需要較長時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)和高學(xué)費(fèi)投入的緣故。 26. B。語義理解題。從第 1 段最后兩句話中可得出答案。 27. D。主旨題。從第 3 段的最后部分中可得出答案。 28. D。計(jì)算題。從第 3 段的 Most would be physicians first attend college for four years… Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years…They still face three to five years of residency 可知答案為 D。 29. C。細(xì)節(jié)題。從第 4 段第2句可找到答案。 30. A。主旨題。通讀全文便知高額學(xué)費(fèi)和職業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是醫(yī)師獲得高報(bào)酬的原因。 B In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (=drink) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of panies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw material for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound end up buried in landfills(垃圾填埋場). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of panies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence post, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life — and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials. Shrinking landfill space and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and reduces the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material. 31. What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers? A. A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling. B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling. C. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them. D. Beverage panies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles. 32. The returned plastic bottles in New York used to . A. be turned into raw materials B. be separated from other rubbish C. have a second-life value D. end up somewhere underground 33. The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is . A. how to reduce their recycling costs B. to sell them at a profitable price C. how to turn them into useful things D. to lower the prices for used materials 34. Recycling has bee the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because . A. recycling causes little pollution B. other methods are more expensive C. recycling has great appeal for the jobless D. local governments find it easy to manage 35. It can be concluded from the passage that . A. recycling is to be remended both economically and environmentally B. local governments in the U. S. can expect big profits from recycling C. rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials D. landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal [全解全析] 本文講美國紐約1993年頒布法令要求商場就飲料瓶對顧客收費(fèi)后的執(zhí)行情況。 31. C 推理判斷題。由第一段第一句和第二句可推知。 32. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第三句中的but分句可知。 33. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句和第三段第二句可知。 34. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段第二句可知。 35. A 推理判斷題。由最后一段的最后一句可推知。 C NASA is moving ahead with plans to put a long-armed Lander on Mars’ icy North Pole to search for clues for water and possible signs of life. The $386 million Phoenix Mars is planned to touch down in the Martian arctic in xx. The stationary probe will use its robotic arm to dig into the icy land and pick up soil samples to analyze. In xx, the Mars Odyssey orbiter spotted evidence of ice-rich soil near the arctic surface. Scientists hope the Phoenix mission will find clues to the geologic history of water on the Red Planet and determine whether microbes existed in the ice. Phoenix will be the first mission of the Mars Scout program, a renewed, low-cost effort to study the Red Planet. “The Phoenix mission explores new territory in the northern plains of Mars analogous to the permafrost regions on Earth,” Peter Smith said. True to its name, Phoenix rose from the ashes of previous missions. The lander for Phoenix was built to fly as part of the xx Mars Surveyor program. But the program broke down after the well-known disappearance of the Mars Polar Lander in xx. The Polar Lander lost contact during a landing attempt near the planet’s south pole after its rocket engine shut off prematurely, causing the spacecraft to fall about 130 feet to almost certain destruction. The Phoenix probe had been in storage at a Lockheed Martin clean room in Denver before it was reused for its present mission. It will carry science instruments that were designed for the Mars Surveyor program including an improved panoramic camera and a trench-digging robotic arm. Phoenix will lift off from the Kennedy Space Center in August xx and land on the planet nine months later. 36. The passage mainly tells readers that _________. A. clues of water will be found in Phoenix B. Phoenix will be sent to find clues of water on Mars C. August xx will see Phoenix lift off D. the Mars Scout program will be carried out 37. The underlined word “prematurely” (paragraph 5) means _________. A. on time B. behind the time C. out of work D. ahead of time 38. According to the passage, we know Phoenix will land on Mars _________. A. in May xx B. in August xx C. in August xx D. in September xx 39. According to the passage, the name “Phoenix” is after the meaning of _________. A. rebirth B. death C. energy D. hope 40. After Phoenix lands on Mars, we can infer it will firstly _________. A. find soil samples and send them to the earth B. look for the icy land to dig for the soil samples C. take photos and send them to the earth D. find the remains of the Mars Polar Lander [全解全析] 本文主要是講美國國家航空和航天管理局計(jì)劃xx年將Phoenix送到火星探索水源的線索和存在生命的可能性。 36. B 主旨大意題。由第一段可知。 37. D 猜測詞義題。由該詞所處語境和常識可知，是火箭引擎“提前”關(guān)閉，才會失去聯(lián)系。 38. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的最后一句可推算出。 39. A 推理判斷題。由第五段第一句推知。 40. B 推理判斷題。由第二段第二句可知。 D From good reading we can derive pleasure, panionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so pletely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction. With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may bee our panions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to wele as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their pany. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our hearts desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read. 41. Why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading? A. No one has e to disturb you. B. Everything is so quiet and calm around you. C. The book you are reading is so interesting and attractive. D. Your book is overdue; you are finishing it at a very fast speed. 42. How would you account for the fact that people like their acquaintances in books even more? A. They resemble human friends exactly. B. They are unfamiliar types we like. C. They never desert us. D. They never hurt our feelings. 43. Which of the following is true? A. Your wish to visit some far-off place can be realized through the pages of the books. B. To escape from the dull realities of everyday life you should take up reading. C. Books can always help you to live a colorful life. D. You may obtain valuable experience from reading good books. 44. The word “weary” means ______. A. “to attract someone’s attention” B. “to distract someone’s attention” C. “to make someone very tired” D. “to make someone interested” 45. “... the whole world is ours for the asking” implies that ____________. A. in books the world is more accessible to us B. we can ask to go anywhere in the world C. we can make a claim to everything in this world D. we can make a round-the-world trip free of charge [全解全析] 本書主要講讀好書的益處。 41. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句(absorb our attention pletely)可知。 42. C 推理判斷題。由第二段第五、六和七句可知。 43. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第八句One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience.可知。 44. C 猜測詞義題。由兩個(gè)分句的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知never weary應(yīng)與bore反義，即weary與bore同義，都是“使人疲倦/