2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》和《高考大綱》規(guī)定：時(shí)態(tài)是教與學(xué)的難點(diǎn)，高考的必考點(diǎn)。 一、時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)間決定動(dòng)詞的形式叫作時(shí)態(tài)。高考要考十種時(shí)態(tài)。它們是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 最后沖刺階段要在時(shí)態(tài)中習(xí)得舉一反三的能力。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)都是兩兩相通的，知其一便得其二，如此就學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)中常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)。而其他由時(shí)態(tài)兩兩結(jié)合而形成的時(shí)態(tài)就不是難題。 【高考連接】 【xx天津】12. The three of us ________ around Europe for about a month last summer. A. traveled B. have traveled C. had traveled D. travel 【答案】A 【xx重慶】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ________.We must act immediately before there’s none left. A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out 【答案】B 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) = 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) = 過(guò)去完成時(shí) + 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，等等。面對(duì)難點(diǎn)，考生們關(guān)鍵是要掌握觸類旁通和歸納能力。 【高考連接】 【xx全國(guó)卷II】⒙ The manager ________ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m. A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told 【答案】C 【xx安徽】26. In order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over the past five hours. A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing 【答案】D 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1．表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制） The sun rises in the east. 太陽(yáng)從東方升起。 2. 表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，且常與usually，always，every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 ①John sometimes sits up very late. 約翰有時(shí)很晚才睡。 ②We always care for each other and help each other. 我們經(jīng)?；突ブ? 3．表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong, seem等。 ①I know what you mean. 我明白你的意思。 ②Smith owns a car and a house. Smith有車和房子。 4. 如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 ①If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there.如果明天下雨，我將不去那兒。 【真題在線】 ①Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. （xx?安徽卷?33） A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept 【解析】選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。句意為：沃爾瑪是美國(guó)最大的連鎖超市之一，它的一些商店從周一至周六二十四小時(shí)營(yíng)業(yè)。keep在此處意為“使，使得”。根據(jù)句意可知，此句是表示一般客觀情況，應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；由于主語(yǔ)是Walmart，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，故選擇A項(xiàng)。 ②“Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step .” （xx?全國(guó)卷I? 23） A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed 【解析】選C。考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)Life is like walking in the snow可知，后半句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。所以選C。句意：祖母過(guò)去經(jīng)常說(shuō)：“人生就像在雪地里行走，因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉寄茱@現(xiàn)出來(lái)”。 二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 1.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（往往暗示現(xiàn)在“己不再這樣”。）它一般與yesterday，just now，last week，ago等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；也可與由when等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一起使用（或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示）； ①She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend. 昨晚她和她的男友一起去看電影。 ②When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there． 當(dāng)我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)，經(jīng)常去拜訪那里的老朋友。 2．表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。 Sorry，I didn’t know you were here．不好意思，我不知道你在這。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道） 【真題在線】 ①—kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong? —Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result. （xx，重慶，22） A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take 【解析】選B?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：——Kevin，你看起很著急。有什么事嗎？——嗯，我剛剛參加了一場(chǎng)考試，現(xiàn)在正在等結(jié)果。由句意“我現(xiàn)在正在等結(jié)果”可知，參加考試是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。will take是一般將來(lái)時(shí)；took是一般過(guò)去時(shí)；had taken 是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作；take是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選B。 ②After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project. （xx?山東卷? 28） A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 【解析】選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：杰克發(fā)送了一些電子郵件后，開始從事于他的方案。After引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為在…之后，從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前。在本題中，從句用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，因此主句中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該在過(guò)去完成時(shí)之后，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選C。 三、 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 1．“will do”表示從現(xiàn)在來(lái)看以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，指事物的固有屬性或 必然趨勢(shì)。 Fish will die without water. 沒有水魚將會(huì)死。 2．“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”多用于口語(yǔ)中，表示“打算或計(jì)劃要做某事”。此外，還可以 表示說(shuō)話人根據(jù)已有的事實(shí)或跡象，對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行推斷。 They are going to meet outside the school gate.他們打算在校門口見面。 3．“be about to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“即將……”，因此，它不與表示時(shí)間的副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 連用。 The English evening is about to start．英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)即將開始。 4．“be to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，還可以表示“吩咐、命令、禁止等”。 There’s to be a slide show this afternoon. 今天下午要放幻燈片。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock.到10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。 5．有些動(dòng)詞例如：go，e，begin，leave，arrive．return，take等，其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 I’m leaving for Tibet on Sunday. 星期天我要去西藏。 【真題在線】 ①By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold. （xx?北京?22） A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting 【解析】選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：到你讀完這本書的時(shí)候，你的飯菜就會(huì)涼了。by the time引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，說(shuō)明主從句的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)。 ②Close the door of fear behind you, and you ____ the door of faith open before you.（xx?湖南卷? 25） A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing 【解析】 選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：關(guān)上通往恐懼的門之后，你會(huì)很快地看到通往信心的大 門。本句考查固定句式：do sth. and you will “做某事，就會(huì)…”。C項(xiàng)一般將來(lái)時(shí)；符合題意。A項(xiàng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)；B項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)； D項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般由 "助動(dòng)詞would(第二、三人稱)/should(第一人稱)+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成。 1、表示對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)而言將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 I thought they would e to help me.我認(rèn)為他們會(huì)來(lái)幫我的。 He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他說(shuō)他要在車站等我們。 2、表示過(guò)去的某種習(xí)慣行為 He would sit for hours doing nothing.過(guò)去他常常坐幾個(gè)鐘頭什么事也不做。 He would e to see us on Sundays.過(guò)去星期天他經(jīng)常來(lái)看望我們。 3、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其它表達(dá)法 （1）was/were going to ①表示過(guò)去的打算和意圖 He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期開始工作。（打算） ②表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算和意圖 He was going to e last night, but it rained.他打算昨晚來(lái)，但下雨了。(沒實(shí)現(xiàn)) I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想這部電影會(huì)很有趣的。（結(jié)果不是） （4）表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞 (如go，e，leave，start等)的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示按照過(guò)去的計(jì)劃安排將在過(guò)去將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情。 I didnt know you were ing.我不知道你會(huì)來(lái)。 【真題在線】 The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.（xx?山東卷? 34） A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving 【解析】選D?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：聽說(shuō)兩個(gè)他信任的工人要離開，經(jīng)理很憂慮。leave意為“離開”，是表示趨向的動(dòng)詞，用在將來(lái)時(shí)中時(shí)要用be leaving來(lái)表示，一般不用will/would leave；根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)可知用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，故選D。 注意，下列動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)： 感覺類：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等； 情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等； 思想類：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, know等； 其他類：have, contain, win, hold, belong to等。 【真題在線】 ①“The moment _______ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. （xx?湖南卷? 27） A. came B. has e C. was ing D. is ing 【解析】 選D?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：“這一刻就要來(lái)到了，”他自思自忖到，焦急地等待著。由句中的soon及選項(xiàng)可知本題考查進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)。且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞e用于直接引語(yǔ)中，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。D項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，符合題意。A項(xiàng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)；B項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；C項(xiàng)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)； ②That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who __ the piano upstairs?（2011，重慶卷，21） A. has played B．played C．plays D. is playing 【解析】選D。句意：那首音樂聽起來(lái)十分熟悉。誰(shuí)在樓上彈鋼琴？考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，本句說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的事情且動(dòng)作尚未完成，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選D項(xiàng)。 六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1．表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng) 作，由“was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 She was watching TV at six yesterday evening. 昨晚六點(diǎn)她正在看電視。 He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 昨天他一整天都在準(zhǔn)備他的演講。 2．表示動(dòng)作在另一過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。 He was reading a novel when I came in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，他正在看小說(shuō)。 3．表示過(guò)去計(jì)劃好或安排好的將來(lái)動(dòng)作（只限于e, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel，stay等）。 He said she was arriving the next day. 他說(shuō)她將第二天到達(dá)。 4．與always, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。 rade Lei Feng was always thinking of others. He never thought of himself first. 雷鋒同志總是先想著他人，而不是自己。 七、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與this time tomorrow，at three o’clock tomorrow morning等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，一般由will/shall+ be+ doing構(gòu)成。 I’ll be visiting Professor Wang at two this afternoon.今天下午兩點(diǎn)我將拜訪王教授。 【真題在線】 —Can 1 call you back at two oclock this afternoon? —Im sorry, but by then I_______ to Beijing. How about five? （xx?陜西卷? 24） A. fly B. will fly C will be flying D. am flying 【解析】 選C。考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：——今天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘我給你回電話好嗎？ ——不好意思，兩點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我正在飛往北京的路上，五點(diǎn)鐘怎么樣？。 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知第二個(gè)人說(shuō)：在今天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候，將正在….,，表達(dá)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間正在做….，要用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：will be doing ,所以C項(xiàng)符合題意。 八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1. 表示說(shuō)話之前已完成了的動(dòng)作，并且表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，著眼點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在。常與不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yet，just, before, recently, once, lately等 。 ①He has been to Beijing before.他以前去過(guò)北京。（現(xiàn)在已回來(lái)了） He has gone to Beijing.他去了北京。（說(shuō)話時(shí)有可能到了北京，也有可能在路上） ②I haven’t heard from her recently. 我近來(lái)沒有收到她的來(lái)信。 2．表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如。so far, up to now, since, for a long time, till now, up to present。 ①He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在這里工作已有20多年了。 ②Where have you been since I last saw you? 自從上次我見到你以來(lái)，你去哪兒了？ 3. 在after，as soon as，if，till，when等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 If he hasnt gone to bed when you see him, tell him to give me a ring， 如果你見到他時(shí)他還沒有睡，讓他給我打個(gè)電話。 4. It (This) +is ( will be)+the first,/second/third…+time+ that從句。that從句的謂語(yǔ)要用現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)，that可以省略。 This is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次來(lái)這里。 【真題在線】 ①—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry, I ______ the piano for years. （xx?湖南卷? 33） A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played 【解析】 選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：--我記得在大學(xué)里的時(shí)候你是個(gè)才華橫溢的鋼琴家。你能給我彈奏一曲嗎？--抱歉。我已經(jīng)好多年沒彈鋼琴了。由情景可知，不彈鋼琴這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是由過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；B項(xiàng)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；D項(xiàng)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 ②—Look! Somebody the sofa. —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. （xx?江西卷? 26） A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．had cleaned 【解析】 選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：——你瞧！有人擦了沙發(fā)了?！?，不是我，我沒擦。從答語(yǔ)來(lái)看，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，說(shuō)明“沙發(fā)已經(jīng)擦過(guò)了”，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示影響和結(jié)果。A項(xiàng)表示“現(xiàn)在正在擦”；B項(xiàng)表示“過(guò)去正在擦” ；C項(xiàng)表示“已經(jīng)擦了” ；D項(xiàng)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，此句沒有說(shuō)明。 九、 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1．過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作（即表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”）。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可用by，before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，也可用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境表示。 He said that he had been abroad for three years.他說(shuō)他在國(guó)外呆了3年。 2．表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去的這一時(shí)間，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有．by then，by the end of，by the time，until，before等。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet．直到那時(shí)為止，他對(duì)此仍一無(wú)所知。 3．用在It was the first/second./third…time that…句型中，that從句的謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 That was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years，這是39年里他們第一次見面。 4．It was+一段時(shí)間+ since從句。since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我們十年來(lái)從沒這么高興過(guò)。 5．表示愿望或打算一類的詞，例如：intend．mean，hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等，其過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜。 I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本來(lái)打算去看你，但我這來(lái)了個(gè)不速之客。 6．用在表示“剛剛……就……”的句型中：Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had+主語(yǔ)+done…when…did…;No sooner had+主語(yǔ)+done…than…did…。 Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang. 她剛一上床鈴就響了。 【真題在線】 ①By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college. （2011?遼寧卷? 34） A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated 【解析】選D。句意：杰克從英國(guó)回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。by the time.“到……的時(shí)候”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 ②She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _ everything! （2011?山東卷? 35） A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating 【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。第一個(gè)分句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，由語(yǔ)意可知，第二個(gè)分句中的動(dòng)作( eat)發(fā)生在第一個(gè)分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作前，屬于典型的“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 十、 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到將來(lái)某時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 【真題在線】 On her next birthday, Ann married for twenty years. （2011?天津卷? 4） A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been 【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：等到下次生日的時(shí)候，Ann結(jié)婚有二十年了。her next birthday是將來(lái)的時(shí)間，for twenty years是個(gè)時(shí)間段。將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到將來(lái)某時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，故選D。 —Tommy is planning to buy a car. —I know. By next month, he ___ enough for a used one. （2011?江蘇卷? 23） A. saves B .saved C. will save D. will have saved 【解析】選D。句意：—Tommy將計(jì)劃買車。—我知道，到下個(gè)月為止，他積攢的錢足夠買一輛舊車了?！眀y next month是將來(lái)完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，全句表示在將來(lái)next month之前完成“積攢足夠錢”的動(dòng)作，對(duì)將來(lái)的時(shí)間next month產(chǎn)生影響，能買一輛舊車。故選D。 十一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能延續(xù)下去。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體是完成體和進(jìn)行體的組合。因此，它具備完成體和進(jìn)行體的一些因素，例如：它具備進(jìn)行體的未完成性、暫時(shí)性、感情色彩等特點(diǎn)。 They have been living here for 10 years. 他們住在這里十年了。（從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始住，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還住在這兒） We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year. 我們今年已數(shù)次討論那件事。（強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話者“抱怨”的感情色彩） 【真題在線】 ①In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the past five hours. （xx?安徽卷?26） A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing 【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：為了找到那位失蹤兒童，在過(guò)去的五個(gè)小時(shí)里村民們做了他們所能做的一切事情。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over the past five hours可知，應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。A項(xiàng)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，B項(xiàng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，C項(xiàng)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，都不符合題意。 ②The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. （xx?全國(guó)卷II?18） A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told 【解析】選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：自從上午9點(diǎn)經(jīng)理就一直在告訴工人如何改善這一方案。此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的關(guān)鍵就是動(dòng)作是否仍然在進(jìn)行，如果已經(jīng)完成，選A；如果仍然在進(jìn)行，選C。從語(yǔ)境看，動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是仍在進(jìn)行中。故選C。 十二、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過(guò)去這一時(shí)間。這一動(dòng)作可能己經(jīng)停止也可能還在進(jìn)行。 She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years. 她告訴我她己經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)5年了。（仍繼續(xù)） She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour. 她告訴我她己經(jīng)等我一個(gè)鐘頭了。（不再繼續(xù)） 2. 表示過(guò)去反復(fù)的動(dòng)作、企圖、情緒等 You had been giving me everything.你對(duì)我真是有求必應(yīng)。（感激） 【真題在線】 When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there. （xx?全國(guó)卷?29） A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain 【解析】選A。句意：當(dāng)Alice蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)時(shí)，她不知道她在那兒躺了多久了。過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示持續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)之前的動(dòng)作。came to蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)是過(guò)去時(shí)，蘇醒前的情況是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的過(guò)去里發(fā)生的事，故選A。 易混的時(shí)態(tài)比較 一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別體現(xiàn)在以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同。一般過(guò)去時(shí)，常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)）；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（表示從過(guò)去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)）。請(qǐng)比較： We visited Beijing last summer．（last summer為具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)） With the help of high technology, more and more new substances have been discovered in the past years.（in the past years為模糊的時(shí)間，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用） 2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 I have read the novel．我看過(guò)這部小說(shuō)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“看過(guò)這部小說(shuō)”，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：我了解這部小說(shuō)的內(nèi)容） I read the novel last week.我上星期看了這部小說(shuō)。（只說(shuō)明上星期看過(guò)這部小說(shuō)，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況） 3，一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)／現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以與一段時(shí)間連用。其區(qū)別是：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用表示動(dòng)作沒有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)／現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在。 He has lived here since 1985. 1985年以來(lái)他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里） He lived here for 6 years when he was young. 他小時(shí)候在這里住了6年。（他現(xiàn)在不住在這里了） 二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成或表示一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過(guò)去，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。請(qǐng)比較： Hes written a novel。他寫了一部小說(shuō)。（已完成） Hes been writing a novel. 他在寫一部小說(shuō)。（可能尚未完成） 三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別 1．一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。請(qǐng)比較： The moment the thieves saw the police, they ran away.這些賊一看見警察來(lái)了，立刻就逃跑了。 （“看見”與“逃跑”同時(shí)發(fā)生，因此“逃跑”用一般過(guò)去時(shí)） When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.當(dāng)警察趕到時(shí)，這些賊已經(jīng)逃跑了。（“趕到”發(fā)生在過(guò)去，“逃跑”發(fā)生在警察趕到之前，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，因此“逃跑”要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)） 拓展 1．表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞，如：open，go，e，die，leave，arrive, begin，return，stop等，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如要表達(dá)“他參軍已經(jīng)4年了”這一意思，不能說(shuō)“He has joined the army for four years.”而要把其中的動(dòng)詞換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或用其他表達(dá)法。如上句可用下列方式表達(dá)： He has been in the army for four years. He joined the army four years ago. It is four years since he joined the army. 2．下列動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 ①感官動(dòng)詞：see, look, hear, smell, taste, feel等。 ②情感類動(dòng)詞：hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive等。 ③表示存在概念的動(dòng)詞：be, exist, remain等。 ④擁有、從屬類動(dòng)詞：have, own, possess, contain, belong to, consist of等。 ⑤認(rèn)識(shí)類動(dòng)詞：understand, know, believe, forget, remember等。 練習(xí)：選擇填空 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1【xx全國(guó)卷II】 14. — Did you ask Sophia for help? — I _______ need to — I managed perfectly well on my own. A. wouldn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t 2【xx全國(guó)卷II】⒙ The manager _______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m. A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told 3【xx安徽】26. In order to find the missing child , villagers _ all they can over the past five hours. A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing 4【xx安徽】31. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live 5【xx安徽】33. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _____ some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept 6【xx安徽】35. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _ . A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated 7【xx重慶】22.-Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I_______ a test and I’m waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take 8【xx重慶】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _______.We must act immediately before there’s none left. A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out 9【xx全國(guó)】23. “Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step .” A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed 10【xx全國(guó)】33.I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _______ before my eyes. A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum 11.【xx北京】22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _______ cold. A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting 12.【xx北京】25. George said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he _______. A. wouldn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. hadn’t 13.【xx北京】29. —Have you heard about that fire in the market? — Yes, fortunately no one ________. A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt 14.【xx北京】30. Our friendship _______ quickly over the weeks that followed. A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed 15.【xx北京】35. Don’t handle the vase as if it _______ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been 16.【xx福建】24.—When did the puter crash? — This morning, while I _______ the reading materials downloaded from some websites. A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted 17.【xx陜西】24. –Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon? —I’m sorry, but by then I _______ to Beijing. How about five? A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 18.【xx山東】28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 19.【xx山東】34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _______. A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving 20【xx湖南】22. Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now _______ later in life. A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid 21【xx湖南】25. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _______ the door of faith open before you. A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing 22【xx湖南】27. “The moment _______ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A. came B. has e C. was ing D. is ing 23【xx湖南】33. —I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry, I ______ the piano for years. A. don’t play B. wasn’t playing C. haven’t played D. hadn’t played 24【xx天津】2. The letter for the boss ______ on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later. A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put 25【xx天津】12. The three of us ________ around Europe for about a month last summer. A. traveled B. have traveled C. had traveled D. travel 26【xx江西】26. —Look! Somebody _______ the sofa. — Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 27【xx遼寧】31. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _______ to Shanghai. A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown 28【xx遼寧】35. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _______ on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid 29【xx四川】9. —Did you catch what I said? —Sorry. I ______ a text message just now. A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering 30【xx四川】11. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _______. A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt 31【xx浙江】13. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _______ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in xx. A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon 32【xx浙江】16. — Alvin, are you ing with us? — I’d love to, but something unexpected _______. A. has e up B. was ing up C. had e up D. would e up 33【xx江蘇】32. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _______ some European business partners. A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met 34【xx江蘇】34. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he _______. A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start 【答案】1-5CCDDA 6-10DBBCC 11-15CBBDB 16-20BCCDA 21-25CDCBA 26-30CABDA 31-34BADC 練習(xí) I. 選擇最佳答案填空 選擇填空 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。  1. My aunt ________ to see us. Shell be here soon. A. e