高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 語法強(qiáng)攻 定語從句課件.ppt

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定語從句,知識(shí)梳理,限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句,Thisisthehouse(which)weboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個(gè)月買的。Theman(whom/that/who)Imetinthestreetwasadriver.我在街上碰到的那個(gè)人是個(gè)司機(jī)。Hismother,wholovedhimverymuch,diedin1998.他的母親很愛他,但在1998年去世了。,注意:①專有名詞具有“獨(dú)一無二”的含義,通常只能由非限制性定語從句修飾。LuXun,whodiedin1936,wasafamouswriterinChina.魯迅于1936年去世,是中國一位著名的作家。②既可以作為限制性定語從句又可作為非限制性定語從句,注意意義上的差別。Thereare20studentsinthisclasswhoarefromthenortheastofChina.在這個(gè)班里,有20名來自中國東北的學(xué)生。Thereare20studentsinthisclass,whoarefromthenortheastofChina.這個(gè)班有20名學(xué)生,他們來自中國的東北。,(一)關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞,that,(二)關(guān)系副詞,注意:①在口語和非正式場合,when,where和why或相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞的“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)可用that來代替并可省略。Doyouknowanywhere(that)Icangetadrink?你知道在哪兒我能喝杯酒嗎？,②why或that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,先行詞是reason,且reason又作主句主語時(shí),表語從句不能用because引導(dǎo),而要用that引導(dǎo)。其句型為：Thereasonwhy...isthat...或Thereasonthat...isthat...。Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathewasinjuredinthetrafficaccidentonhiswaytoschool.他上學(xué)遲到的原因是他在上學(xué)路上的交通事故中受傷了。Thereasonthatheexplainedatthemeetingwasthathehadtolookafterhismotherinhospital.他在會(huì)上解釋的原因是他不得不去照顧他住院的母親。,③“地點(diǎn)模糊”的先行詞后跟where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。當(dāng)先行詞為point,situation,conditions,case,position,stage,scene,spot,activity,family,job等表示某人/物所處的情況、發(fā)展的階段或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面時(shí),用where引導(dǎo)定語從句,where相當(dāng)于fromwhich,underwhich等,表示“在這種情況下”,“從……中”等。We’rejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.我們只是盡力想能達(dá)到雙方共同坐下來商談的地步。,(三)關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)1.考慮代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)恼Z法成分,如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語,就用關(guān)系代詞；如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,就用關(guān)系副詞。,Thehouse,Haveyouaskedherforthereason,needsrepairing.,他住的房子需要修理。,,whereheliveswhich/thathelivesin,你是否問過她缺席的原因？,,that/whichmyexplainherabsence?whyshewasabsent?,2.辨別先行詞表示的是人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因。Idon’tlikethemanwhoalwaysspeaksillofothers.我不喜歡總是說他人壞話的人。Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedtogether.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們在一起工作的日子。3.判斷從句是限制性還是非限制性定語從句。Adictionaryisabookthatgivesthemeaningsofwords.詞典是解釋詞語意思的書。Adictionaryisabook,whichgivesthemeaningsofwords.詞典是一本書,它給出詞語的意思。,4.判斷關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語還是作狀語,取決于定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。ThisisthepointwhereIdisagree.這就是我不同意的地方。(disagree為不及物動(dòng)詞,故關(guān)系詞用where。)Thisisthepoint(which/that)Idisagreewith.這就是我不同意的地方。(從句缺少介詞with的賓語,用that/which引導(dǎo),也可以省略),1.只用that不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況。(1)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞用最高級(jí)修飾，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，用that不用which。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIeverseen.,先行詞,(2)先行詞是不定代詞all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,some等時(shí),用that不用which。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLisaid?李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.對(duì)他來說似乎世界上沒有什么不可能的事。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。,(3)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,few,just等修飾時(shí),用that不用which。Allthegueststhatwereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.所有應(yīng)邀來參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我要買的詞典。Givemeanybooksthatyouwouldrecommend.給我你要推薦的書。,(4)先行詞既有人又有物,兼顧兩者,用that不用which。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.他們談?wù)撝麄兯苡浧鸬脑谛r(shí)的人和事。(5)主句是以who或which開頭的疑問句時(shí),用that不用which。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰？WhichistheTshirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？,(6)當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語,而且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中也作表語時(shí),用that不用which。Shenzhenisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳不再是過去的樣子了。,(7)主句是therebe句型時(shí),修飾主語的定語從句用that不用which。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.在那個(gè)角落還有一個(gè)座位空著。(8)有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí),一個(gè)從句的關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)要用that。Thecountrybuiltupafactorywhichproducesthingsthathaveneverbeenseenbefore.這個(gè)國家建立了一個(gè)生產(chǎn)以前從未見到過的東西的工廠。,(9)用作關(guān)系副詞,修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞,如day,time,moment等代替when時(shí),用that不用which。Ithappenedonthedaythat(when)hewasborn.這事碰巧發(fā)生在他出生的那天。,2.只用which不用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況(1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),用which不用that。Thechaironwhichshesatismadeofwood.她坐的那把椅子是用木頭做的。(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),用which不用that。Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.足球,一項(xiàng)非常有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng),在全世界流行。,(3)先行詞后面有插入語時(shí),用which不用that。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIvetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.這就是我告訴過你的那本英語語法書,它能幫你提高英語水平。(4)先行詞本身就是that時(shí),用which不用that。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?剛才在天空中一閃而過的是什么？,(5)代表主句中謂語的整體概念時(shí),用which不用that。Hecanswiminthesea,whichIcan’t.他能在大海里游泳,我不能(在大海里游泳)。(6)代表整個(gè)主句時(shí),用which不用that。Hebrokemycup,whichmademeangry.他打破了我的杯子,這使我很生氣。,3.只用who而不用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況。(1)先行詞是指人的不定代詞,如:one,ones,anyone,noone,those,all,nobody,anybody,none等時(shí),用who不用that。Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.人們都喜歡那些有禮貌的人。(2)在therebe句型中,多用who指代人。TherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.有一些想去海南度假的人。,(3)當(dāng)先行詞指特定的人時(shí),關(guān)系代詞多用who,不指特定的人時(shí),多用that。Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfather’syoungersister.上周來看我們的姑姑是我父親的妹妹。(4)在非限制性定語從句中作主語時(shí),用who不用that。ProfessorWang,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.王教授已年過六旬,依然夜以繼日努力工作著。,(5)當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語或在被分割的定語從句中時(shí),用who不用that。ProfessorSmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.史密斯教授不久就要來給我們作一場關(guān)于如何學(xué)英語的講座。,4.ofwhom,ofwhich與whose的用法解析。(1)whose的用法①whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,后應(yīng)緊跟名詞,構(gòu)成名詞短語。Theboy,whosefatherisanengineer,studiesveryhard.那位小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力,他的父親是位工程師。②whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),先行詞既可指人,也可指物。Thebicycle,whosebrakewasdamaged,hasnowbeenrepaired.那輛自行車的閘壞了,現(xiàn)在已修好了。,③whose在定語從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起可作介詞賓語,可以與介詞一起放在先行詞與從句之間。在whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,可用ofwhich代替whose,但詞序不同,即“whose＋名詞＝the＋名詞＋of＋which”；而用ofwhom代替時(shí)只能指人,有時(shí)可以與whose互換。Theboss,inwhosefactoryMarysfatheronceworked,iskindtoher.老板對(duì)瑪麗很好,瑪麗的父親曾經(jīng)在他的工廠工作過。Helivesintheroomwhosewindow(thewindowofwhich)facessouth.他住在窗戶朝南的房間里。,(2)下列情況只用ofwhich或ofwhom,而不用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。①定語從句的主語是some,many,few,little,much,most等詞時(shí),用ofwhich/whom,不用whose。Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthoughtdifficultforyou.就是這些問題,我認(rèn)為其中一些對(duì)你來說有難度。PresentatthemeetingwerealmostexpertsonDNA,mostofwhomcamefromtheUSA.出席會(huì)議的大多是DNA專家,其中大部分來自美國。,②定語從句的主語是all,both,neither,each,none等詞時(shí),用ofwhich/whom,不用whose。Hehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.他有兩個(gè)兒子,都是醫(yī)生。Iboughthimtwopiecesofclothing,neitherofwhichhelikes.我給他買了兩件衣服,他一件也不喜歡。③定語從句的主語是表示數(shù)量的詞時(shí),用ofwhich/whom,不用whose。Herearemanybooks,twoofwhichheborrowed.這兒有許多書,他借走了兩本。,5.as與which引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別as與which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容,有時(shí)可以互換。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.很自然地,他和她結(jié)婚了。as的特殊用法：(1)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以放在句首,而which則不能。Asisknowntousall,Chinaisdevelopingrapidly.眾所周知,中國發(fā)展迅速。,(2)as表示“正如,正像”,而which無此意。此時(shí),as從句中常有know,expect,happen,pointout,plan,suggest等單詞或短語。Hecamebackhomelate,asweexpected.正如我們所料,他回家晚了。注意:as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常見句式有：asisknowntoall(眾所周知),asisoftenthecase(經(jīng)常是這個(gè)情形),asismentionedabove(如上所述),asisannounced(如宣布的那樣)。,(3)當(dāng)先行詞被thesame,such修飾時(shí),定語從句需用as引導(dǎo)。Itissuchadifficultproblemasnoneofuscanworkout.這么難的一道題,我們沒人做得出。HewearsthesamecoatasIdo.他穿著跟我一樣的外套。,注意:當(dāng)先行詞被thesame修飾時(shí),that也可引導(dǎo)定語從句,但意義有所不同。thesame...as指同樣或同類的事物；thesame...that指同一個(gè)事物。ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.這塊表與我丟的那塊一樣。(不是同一塊表)ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.這就是我丟的那塊表。(是同一塊表),定語從句的用法較為復(fù)雜，高考除了單獨(dú)考查定語從句知識(shí)外，還常常結(jié)合句式結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)等來綜合考查。縱觀近幾年各地高考試題，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其考點(diǎn)主要包括：1.考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)分。如:that,which和where,when的區(qū)分;that,which和why的區(qū)分等。,考點(diǎn)歸納,2.考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物,在定語從句中作定語,后跟名詞。指物時(shí),whose＋名詞＝名詞＋ofwhich＝ofwhich＋名詞。如：Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.,3.考查as/which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。尤其要重視which，as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句和it，what引導(dǎo)的主語從句的區(qū)分。4.考查定語從句中的主謂一致現(xiàn)象。如：I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.5.考查“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句?！敖樵~＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，指物時(shí)用which，不能用that。關(guān)系代詞作定語時(shí)也可用whose。如：Theteacherinfrontofwhosehousestandsatalltreeisverypatientwithhisstudents.,同時(shí)還要重視“復(fù)雜介詞或代詞”出現(xiàn)時(shí)與并列句的區(qū)別。如：Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(定語從句)Helovedhisparentsdeeplyandbothofthemareverykindtohim.(并列句)此外，“介詞＋which＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，也是一個(gè)較為特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Hewasveryill,inwhichcase(＝andinthiscase)wesenthimtohospitalfirst.,6.考查一些特殊的先行詞。如:當(dāng)situation,point,case,activity,scene及period,festival,occasion等出現(xiàn)時(shí),要注意具體情況具體分析;作主語、賓語和表語時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞that/which;作狀語時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where/when或“介詞＋which”,表示在某種特定的情形下。,7.考查定語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、時(shí)間狀語從句等的區(qū)別。如：Thenewsthathehadpassedtheexampleasedhimandhisfamily.(同位語從句)Thenews(that)hetoldmethismorningisnotinteresting.(定語從句)Itwas1914whenthewarbrokeout.(時(shí)間狀語從句)Itwasin1914thatthewarbrokeout.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句),從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities_____theycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where,D,2.We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth_____wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what3.Theexactyear_____AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which,A,A,4.IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,_____myclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where5.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,_____usesitdifferently.A.allofwhichB.eachofwhichC.allofthemD.eachofthem,B,B,6.Amongthemanydangers_____sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when,A,鞏固練習(xí),I.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。1.Julianworkedinacompany,________isnamedafterhisgrandfather,whofoundedit.2.IpaidavisittoBrazillastyear,________turnedouttobeabeautifulmemory.3.It’sthethirdinasequenceofthreebooks,thefirstof________Ireallyenjoyed.4.Noonewouldliketoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.,which,which,which,that,5.WethenmovedtoParis,________welivedforsixyears.6.Theboy________Ispoketoamomentagoisthesonofmyemployer.7.Thesepeople,________identitieswillbekeptsecret,willbepaid$40aday.8.Mysisters,________photosIshowedyouyesterday,willcometoseeusthisevening.9.Arewelivinginanage________everyoneisencouragedtosharetheirideasonblogs?,where,who(m),whose,whose,when,10.Laurawasalwayshelpingherbrotherwithhisphysicsafterschool,________,ofcourse,madeherparentsveryhappy.11.Inolddays,someschoolswouldn’tadmittheboys________familieswerepoor.12.Thepriceofanyproductislinkedtoacomplicatedsystemofprices________everythingdependsoneverythingelse.,which,whose,where,II.用適當(dāng)?shù)摹敖樵~+關(guān)系詞”填空。1.Itisn’tasubject________Idevoteagreatdealofthought.2.Thewoman___________MiketoldmelastFridayprovedtobeacheat.3.Themanwrotealetterofthankstothecleaner,____________helphecouldn’thavefoundhislostmoney.4.I’veseenmanyfilms,________Titanicisthemostwonderfulandshockingone.,towhich,aboutwhom,withoutwhose,ofwhich,5.Thisistheoriginalnovel________theworld-famousfilmisbased.6.Herelderdaughter,________sheplacedthegreatesttrust,failedtomatchherexpectations.7.RobertsetupaKTVbarintheFifthStreet,________heinvitedallhisfriends.8.TheBird’sNesthasahugestage________JackieChanandSongZuyinghaveevergiventheirconcerts.,onwhich,inwhom,towhich,onwhich,III.根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語提示用定語從句補(bǔ)全下列句子。1.Anangrycrowdsurroundedthebuses,_____________(其中的大部分)werealreadyfull.2.—HowdoyoulikethefilmExamination1977,Mr.Li?—Itbringsthehoursbacktome____________________________(我被迫去養(yǎng)豬的時(shí)候)inafarawayvillage.,mostofwhich,whenIwasforcedtoraisepigs,3.Inmyhometown,thereisamysteriouslake,_________________________________(湖的深度從來都沒有被測量過).4.AtMr.Black’s,theychattedforanhourorso,________________(這段時(shí)間內(nèi))notevenacoffeewasoffered.5.TheSmithswillmoveintotheirnewhousenextmonth,________________(到那個(gè)時(shí)候)itwillbecompletelyfinished.,whosedepthhasneverbeenmeasured,duringwhichtime,bywhichtime,6.Intheend,severalpeopleclimbedupthehill,________________(在山頂上)theypicnicked.,onwhosetop,