外文資料翻譯1Electromechanical integration technology and its applicationAn electromechanical integration technology development Mechatronics is the machinery, micro-, control, aircraft, information processing, and other cross-disciplinary integration, and its development and progress depends on the progress of technology and development, the main direction of development of a digital, intelligent, modular, and human nature , miniaturization, integration, with source and green. 1.1 Digital Microcontroller and the development of a number of mechanical and electrical products of the base, such as the continuous development of CNC machine tools and robots, and the rapid rise of the computer network for the digital design and manufacturing paved the way for, such as virtual design and computer integrated manufacturing. Digital request electromechanical integration software products with high reliability, easy operability, maintainability, self-diagnostic capabilities, and friendly man-machine interface. Digital will facilitate the realization of long-distance operation, diagnosis and repair. Intelligent 1.2 Mechanical and electrical products that require a certain degree of intelligence, it is similar to the logical thinking, reasoning judgement, autonomous decision-making capabilities. For example, in the CNC machine increase interactive features, set up Intelligent I / O interface and intelligent database technology, will use, operation and maintenance of bring great convenience. With fuzzy control, neural network, gray, wavelet theory, chaos and bifurcation, such as artificial intelligence and technological progress and development and the development of mechanical and electrical integration technology has opened up a vast world. Modular 1.3 As electromechanical integration products and manufacturers wide variety of research and development of a standard mechanical interface, dynamic interface, the environment interface modules electromechanical integration products is a complex and promising work. If the development is set to slow down. VVVF integrated motor drive unit with vision, image processing, identification and location of the motor 外文資料翻譯2functions, such as integrated control unit. Thus, in product development, design, we can use these standards modular unit quickly develop new products. 1.4 Network As the popularity of the network, network-based remote control and monitoring of various technical ascendant. The remote control device itself is the integration of mechanical and electrical products, fieldbus technology to household appliances and LAN network possible, use a home network to connect various home appliances into a computer as the center of computer integrated appliances system, so that people in the home can be full enjoyment of the benefits of various high-tech, therefore, electromechanical integration products should be no doubt North Korea networks. 1.5 humanity Electromechanical integration of the end-use product is targeted, how to give people electromechanical integration of intelligent products, emotion and humanity is becoming more and more important, electromechanical integration products in addition to improving performance, it also urged the color, shape and so on and environmental coordination, the use of these products, or for a person to enjoy, such as home robot is the highest state of human-machine integration. 1.6 miniaturization Micro-fine processing technology is a necessity in the development, but also the need to improve efficiency. MEMS (Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems, or MEMS) refers to quantities can be produced by the micro-collection agencies, micro-sensors, micro actuators and signal processing and control circuit until interface, communication and power is one of the micro-devices or systems . Since 1986 the United States at Stanford University developed the first medical microprobe, 1988 at the University of California, Berkeley developed the first micro-motor, both at home and abroad in MEMS technology, materials and micro-mechanism much progress has been made, the development of all sorts MEMS devices and systems, such as the various micro-sensors (pressure sensors, micro-accelerometer, micro-tactile sensor), various micro-component (micro-film, micro-beam, microprobes, micro-link, micro-gear, micro-bearings, micro-pump , microcoil and micro-robot, etc.). 1.7 Integration 外文資料翻譯3Integration includes a mutual penetration of various technologies, and integration of various products of different structural optimization and composite, and included in the production process at the same time processing, assembly, testing, management, and other processes. In order to achieve more variety, small batch production of automation and high efficiency, the system should have a more extensive flexible. First system can be divided into several levels, allowing the system to function dispersed, and security and coordination with other parts of the operation, and then through software and hardware at various levels will be organically linked to its optimal performance, the most powerful. 1.8 with source of Electromechanical integration refers to the product itself with energy, such as solar cells, fuel cells and large-capacity battery. As on many occasions not be able to use electricity, which campaigns for the mechanical and electrical integration products, has a unique power source comes with the benefits. Sources with the integration of mechanical and electrical product development direction of. Green 1.9 The development of technology in people's lives brought great changes in the material at the same time has also brought rich resources, deterioration of the ecological environment consequences. Therefore, people calling for the protection of the environment, regression, and achieving sustainable development in the concept of green products such calls have emerged. Green products is low-power, low-wood consumption, clean, comfortable, coordination and utilization of renewable products. In its design, manufacture, use and destruction of human beings should be in line with environmental protection and health requirements, electromechanical integration of green products is mainly refers to the use of time is not pollute the ecological environment, at the end of product life, and regeneration of decomposition products. 2 electromechanical integration in the application of technology in the iron and steel In the iron and steel enterprises, the integration of mechanical and electrical systems are at the core microprocessor, the computer, industrial computer, data communications, display devices, meters and the combination of technologies such as organic, assembled by the merger means for the realization of a large-scale integrated 外文資料翻譯4system create conditions for effective integration, enhanced system control precision, quality and reliability. Electromechanical integration technology in the iron and steel enterprises in the mainly used in the following areas:2.1 Intelligent Control Technology (IC) As a large-scale iron and steel, high-speed continuous and the characteristics of the traditional control technologies encountered insurmountable difficulties, it is necessary to adopt very intelligent control technology. Control technologies include intelligent expert system, neural and fuzzy control, intelligent control techniques in steel product design, manufacturing, control, product quality and diagnostic equipment, and other aspects, such as blast furnace control system, electric furnace and continuous casting plant, steel rolling system , steelmaking - Casting integrated scheduling system - rolling, cold rolling, etc.. 2.2 Distributed Control System (DCS) Distributed control system uses a central command for the control of a number of Taiwan-site monitoring and intelligent computer control unit. Distributed control systems can be two, three or more levels. Using computers to concentrate on the production process monitoring, operation, management and decentralized control. With monitoring and control technologies, and the functions of distributed control system more and more. Not only can be achieved control of the production process, but also can be achieved online optimization, the production process real-time scheduling, production planning statistical management functions, as a measurement, control, integration of the integrated system. DCS control functions with diverse features and easy operation, the system can be extended, easy maintenance and high reliability characteristics. DCS is decentralized and centralized control monitoring, fault-minor, and the system has the chain protection features, the use of manual control system failure operational measures, the system is highly reliable. Distributed control system and centralized control system compared to their more functional, with a higher level of security. Is the large-scale integration of mechanical and electrical systems main trend. 外文資料翻譯52.3 Open Control System (OCS) Open Control System (Open Control System) is the development of computer technology led by the new structure concept. "Open" means a standard for the exchange of information in order consensus and support this standard design systems, different manufacturers products can be compatible and interoperable, and the sharing of resources. Industrial control systems through open communication network so that all control equipment, management, computer interconnections, to achieve control and management, administration, integrated decision-making, through fieldbus to the scene and control room instrumentation control equipment interconnected to achieve integrated measurement and control of. 2.4 Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS) CIMS is the iron and steel enterprises will be and the production and operation, production management and process control connecting to achieve from raw materials into the plant, production and processing of shipments to the entire production process and the overall integration process control. Currently iron and steel enterprises have basically achieved process automation, but this kind of "automated island" of single automation lack of information resources and the sharing of the unified management of the production process, can hardly meet the requirements of the iron and steel production. Future competition iron and steel enterprises is the focus of many varieties, small batch production, cheap and of good quality, timely delivery of goods. In order to improve productivity, saving energy, reducing staff and the existing inventory, accelerate cash flow, production, operation and management of the overall optimization, the key is to strengthen the management, access to the benefits of raising the competitiveness of businesses. The United States, Japan and some other large-scale iron and steel enterprises in the 1980s has been widely realization of CIMS. 2.5 Fieldbus Technology (FBT) Fieldbus Technology (Fied Bus Technology) is the connection settings in the field of instrumentation installed in the control room and control devices for digital, bi-directional, multi-station communication link. Fieldbus technology used to replace the existing signal transmission technology (such as 4 to 20 mA, DC DC transmission), it 外文資料翻譯6will enable more information in the field of Intelligent Instrumentation devices and higher-level control system in the joint between the communications media on the two-way transmission. Fieldbus connection can be through save 66% or more on-site signal connecting wires. Fieldbus lead to the introduction of the reform and the new generation of DCS around open fieldbus automation system of instruments, such as intelligent transmitter, intelligent, fieldbus detection instruments, fieldbus of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) local control stations and field development. 2.6 AC drive technology Transmission technology in the iron and steel industry plays a crucial role. With power technology and the development of microelectronics technology, the development of AC variable speed very quickly. The AC drive to the advantages of electric drive technology in the near future from AC drive completely replace DC transmission, the development of digital technology, complex vector control technologies to achieve practical, AC variable speed system speed and performance has reached more than DC converter level. Now whether small or large-capacity electrical motor capacity synchronous motor can be used to achieve reversible induction motor or smoothing governor. AC drive system in the production of steel rolling emerged as a welcome users, applications continues to expand.下載后包含有 CAD 圖紙和說明書,咨詢 Q 197216396 或 11970985Φ380H 平輥軋機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)摘 要Φ380H 平輥軋機(jī)是軋制生產(chǎn)線上的主要設(shè)備之一,其主要由傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)與壓下系統(tǒng)兩部分構(gòu)成,其作用主要是用來軋制不同規(guī)格的鋼坯。本文通過對(duì) Φ380H 平輥軋機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì),將所學(xué)理論知識(shí)與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合,培養(yǎng)了我們獨(dú)立思考能力和分析問題、解決問題的能力,并提高了對(duì)創(chuàng)新意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)。設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容包括 Φ380H 平輥軋機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方案的確定與論證,使設(shè)計(jì)方案能夠達(dá)到使用要求,并且合理可行,然后進(jìn)行軋制力能參數(shù)的計(jì)算,并根據(jù)算出的結(jié)果來選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)并進(jìn)行校核、計(jì)算,同時(shí)對(duì)其中的主要零部件,如軋輥、機(jī)架、連接軸、傳動(dòng)軸、壓下螺絲等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度計(jì)算,并對(duì)壓下螺絲的自鎖、牙強(qiáng)度、和耐磨性的校核,保證了使用的安全性與可靠性,最后對(duì)潤(rùn)滑方式進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單分析。關(guān)鍵詞:軋機(jī);軋輥;機(jī)架;軋制力下載后包含有 CAD 圖紙和說明書,咨詢 Q 197216396 或 11970985The Design Of Φ380H Mill AbstractThe level of Φ380H mill is one of the main equipments in a rolling mill production line.The main pressure system from the drive system with two components, its role is primarily used for rolling billets of different specifications. In this paper, the level of Φ380H mill design theory will be the combination of knowledge and practice to cultivate our capacity for independent thinking and analysis of issues, problem-solving skills, and increased awareness of the culture of innovation. The key elements of the design level of Φ380H mill design and feasibility studies to determine, so that the use of design to meet requirements and is reasonably practicable, and then rolling force can be calculated parameters,And in accordance with the results calculated to select the motor and check the calculation, while the main components, such as roller, rack, connecting shaft, transmission shaft, screws and so on down to the strength calculation of pressure from the screw lock, tooth strength and wear resistance of the check to ensure that the use of the safety and reliability, the last of the Lubrication Analysis of a simple manner.Keywords: rolling mill; roll; rack; rolling force下載后包含有 CAD 圖紙和說明書,咨詢 Q 197216396 或 11970985目 錄摘要 ..........................................................................................................................ⅠAbstract ....................................................................................................................Ⅱ1 緒論 .......................................................................................................................11.1 選題背景和目的 ..............................................................................................................11.2 課題的研究方法和內(nèi)容 ..................................................................................................11.3 國(guó)內(nèi)外線材軋機(jī)的發(fā)展概況和新技術(shù) ..........................................................................21.3.1 線材軋機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史 ...........................................................................................21.3.2 國(guó)外線材軋機(jī)的發(fā)展 ...........................................................................................21.3.3 國(guó)內(nèi)線材軋機(jī)的發(fā)展 ...........................................................................................31.3.4 國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)技術(shù) ...................................................................................................32 方案設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................................................52.1 線材軋機(jī)的軋制力能參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................52.1.1 孔型系統(tǒng)的選擇 ...................................................................................................52.1.2 軋制總壓力和軋制力矩的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................52.2 主電機(jī)的選擇 ..................................................................................................................52.3 軋機(jī)機(jī)架的設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................................................................52.4 軋輥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................................62.4.1 軋輥的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................................62.4.2 軋輥軸承的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................62.4.3 軋機(jī)軋輥調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................62.5 軋機(jī)主傳動(dòng)裝置設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................................62.6 系統(tǒng)的潤(rùn)滑 ......................................................................................................................73 孔型設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................................................83.1 孔型系統(tǒng)的選擇 ..............................................................................................................83.1.1 橢圓— 圓孔型系統(tǒng)的變形系數(shù) ...........................................................................83.1.2 橢圓— 圓孔型系統(tǒng)的孔型構(gòu)成 ...........................................................................83.2 孔型尺寸的計(jì)算 ............................................................................................................10遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 Ⅳ 頁4 軋輥軋制總壓力與軋輥驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩 .................................................................................124.1 軋制力的計(jì)算 ................................................................................................................124.1.1 平均單位壓力的計(jì)算 .........................................................................................124.1.2 接觸面水平投影面積的計(jì)算 .............................................................................134.2 軋輥驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩的計(jì)算 ....................................................................................................145 軋機(jī)主電動(dòng)機(jī)力矩及電動(dòng)力功率 .................................................................................165.1 主電動(dòng)機(jī)力矩 ................................................................................................................165.2 電機(jī)容量的選擇 ............................................................................................................165.3 附加摩擦力矩 ................................................................................................................175.4 空轉(zhuǎn)力矩 ........................................................................................................................175.5 電動(dòng)機(jī)的校核 ................................................................................................................186 機(jī)架的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................................................196.1 機(jī)架的選擇及結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù) ................................................................................................196.2 機(jī)架強(qiáng)度的計(jì)算及校核 ................................................................................................196.3 機(jī)架的變形計(jì)算 ............................................................................................................247 軋輥與軋輥軸承設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................267.1 軋輥的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................................267.1.1 軋輥參數(shù)的選擇 .................................................................................................267.1.2 軋輥的強(qiáng)度校核 .................................................................................................267.2 軋輥軸承的校核 ............................................................................................................297.2.1 軋輥軸承的選擇 .................................................................................................297.2.2 軸承壽命計(jì)算 .....................................................................................................308 壓下裝置 ................................................................................................................................328.1 壓下螺絲螺紋尺寸的確定 ............................................................................................329 主傳動(dòng)裝置設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................................339.1 聯(lián)軸器的選擇及計(jì)算 ....................................................................................................339.2 聯(lián)接軸的選擇及計(jì)算 ....................................................................................................339.3 減速機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................34下載后包含有 CAD 圖紙和說明書,咨詢 Q 197216396 或 119709859.3.1 計(jì)算各軸的動(dòng)力參數(shù) .........................................................................................349.3.2 齒輪設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................................3510 潤(rùn)滑方式的選擇 ................................................................................................................4310.1 潤(rùn)滑方式的類型 ..........................................................................................................43結(jié)束語 .........................................................................................................................................45致謝 ..............................................................................................................................................46參考文獻(xiàn) .....................................................................................................................................47下載后包含有 CAD 圖紙和說明書,咨詢 Q 197216396 或 11970985下載后包含有 CAD 圖紙和說明書,咨詢 Q 197216396 或 11970985下載后包含有 CAD 圖紙和說明書,咨詢 Q 197216396 或 11970985遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 1 頁1 緒論1.1 選題背景和目的線材用途十分廣泛,除直接用作建筑鋼筋外,還可加工成各類專用鋼絲,如彈簧用鋼絲、焊絲、鍍鋅絲、通訊線、鋼簾線、鋼絞線等;還可加工成其他金屬制品,如鉚釘、螺釘、鐵釘?shù)?。根?jù)資料統(tǒng)計(jì),一般國(guó)家線材產(chǎn)量占鋼材總產(chǎn)量的5-15%。我國(guó)目前處在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展時(shí)期,城市建設(shè)和解決居民居住條件仍需要大量線材。此外,國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)金屬制品需求量增加,國(guó)際貿(mào)易出口量也不斷擴(kuò)大,我國(guó)線材產(chǎn)量占鋼材總產(chǎn)量的比例達(dá)到15%左右近幾年我國(guó)線材無論是生產(chǎn)能力還是消費(fèi)水平均得到了快速發(fā)展,2007年我國(guó)線材實(shí)際產(chǎn)量已達(dá)7921萬t,2008年盡管受到國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的影響,線材實(shí)際產(chǎn)量仍然增長(zhǎng)到8024萬t。至2011年我國(guó)前11個(gè)月的線材產(chǎn)量已突破 1億噸。目前我國(guó)已成為世界上最大的線材生產(chǎn)國(guó),年產(chǎn)量己超過世界線材生產(chǎn)總量的三分之一,在線材生產(chǎn)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大的同時(shí),我國(guó)在線材生產(chǎn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步、產(chǎn)品研發(fā)方面也取得了可喜成效。 但是,在看到我國(guó)線材產(chǎn)業(yè)飛速發(fā)展的同時(shí),也要清醒的看到我國(guó)線材產(chǎn)業(yè)目前仍然存在不少的問題;尤其是應(yīng)該看到生產(chǎn)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大與現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的不相適應(yīng),已成為困擾我國(guó)線材產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要問題,這也是造成我國(guó)線材產(chǎn)業(yè)處于生產(chǎn)能力相對(duì)過剩而高附加值產(chǎn)品實(shí)物質(zhì)量仍落后于國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的根本原因。1.2 課題的研究方法和內(nèi)容本次設(shè)計(jì)的課題為 Φ380H 平輥軋機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),我會(huì)利用在大學(xué)期間所學(xué)的知識(shí)完成本次設(shè)計(jì)。線材軋機(jī)主要結(jié)構(gòu)形式由軋輥、軋輥調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)、軋機(jī)機(jī)架、軋機(jī)主傳動(dòng)裝置等部分組成。要對(duì)這幾部分進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算。具體方法和內(nèi)容如下:1.對(duì)線材軋機(jī)的軋制力能參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算(包括孔型設(shè)計(jì)、軋制力軋制力矩計(jì)算、電機(jī)選擇等)。2.對(duì)線材軋機(jī)的軋輥和軋輥軸承進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。3.對(duì)線材軋機(jī)的機(jī)架進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。4.對(duì)線材軋機(jī)的軋輥調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。5.對(duì)線材軋機(jī)的主傳動(dòng)裝置進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 2 頁6.對(duì)線材軋機(jī)的系統(tǒng)潤(rùn)滑進(jìn)行說明。要通過以上的研究?jī)?nèi)容對(duì)我的設(shè)計(jì)題目進(jìn)行研究,要將所學(xué)知識(shí)運(yùn)用到實(shí)際當(dāng)中去。提高知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用能力。1.3 國(guó)內(nèi)外線材軋機(jī)的發(fā)展概況和新技術(shù)1.3.1 線材軋機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史自第一臺(tái)線材軋機(jī)問世以來已有 100 多年的歷史了。線材軋機(jī)發(fā)展及演變過程主要為橫列式線材軋機(jī)、半連續(xù)式線材軋機(jī)和連續(xù)式線材軋機(jī)。20 世紀(jì) 40 年代的線材軋機(jī)大部分為橫列式線材軋機(jī),需要人工喂鋼,最大軋制速度在 10m/s 以下。由于速度低,軋件溫度大,影響線材尺寸精度,因此,其盤重一般在80~90kg 左右。軋機(jī)生產(chǎn)能力為 10~15t/h。在 20 世紀(jì) 50 年代研發(fā)了半連續(xù)式線材軋機(jī),它是將橫列式軋機(jī)和連續(xù)式軋機(jī)組合起來的軋機(jī),粗軋機(jī)為連續(xù)式布置,精軋機(jī)為橫列式布置,中軋機(jī)組布置成連續(xù)式或橫列式。到 20 世紀(jì) 50 年代中期,出現(xiàn)了連續(xù)式線材軋機(jī),精軋機(jī)組一般配置為 6~8 架水平輥軋機(jī)。60 年代初期,精軋機(jī)組配置了立輥,形成了水平輥—立輥—水平輥的連續(xù)式線材軋機(jī),可實(shí)現(xiàn)無扭轉(zhuǎn)軋機(jī)制。1964 年~2000 年,高速線材軋機(jī)發(fā)展很快,全世界已建成 300 多天高速無扭轉(zhuǎn)精軋機(jī)組,其主要有摩根,德馬克,阿希洛,達(dá)涅利。1.3.2 國(guó)外線材軋機(jī)的發(fā)展16 世紀(jì),世界上第一臺(tái)線材軋機(jī)問世,當(dāng)時(shí)是用鍛坯軋制線材;比較正規(guī)的線材軋機(jī)在 18 世紀(jì)出現(xiàn),由粗軋和精軋兩橫列式軋機(jī)組成。因?yàn)椴捎梅磭P及人工喂鋼軋制,同時(shí)受頭尾溫差大的影響,線材存在著尺寸精度差、盤重小、性能不穩(wěn)定等缺點(diǎn),限制了橫列式軋機(jī)的發(fā)展。為了保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和提高產(chǎn)量,以及降低成本,必須提高軋制速度。因而,在 20 世紀(jì)初開發(fā)了半連續(xù)式軋機(jī)。該軋機(jī)由粗、中、精軋機(jī)組構(gòu)成,粗軋和中軋采用連軋,精軋采用橫列式軋機(jī)。實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)械化操作,軋制速度和生產(chǎn)能力提高了,但品種及質(zhì)量未有根本性的好轉(zhuǎn)。1862 年,在英國(guó)建成了第一臺(tái)連續(xù)式軋機(jī),解決了產(chǎn)品品種及質(zhì)量問題。該軋機(jī)機(jī)遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 3 頁座采用串列式形式,軋件同時(shí)在幾個(gè)機(jī)架中軋制,各道次的金屬秒流量相等??蓡螜C(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),有較高的調(diào)整精度,實(shí)現(xiàn)微張力或無張力軋制;由于沒有穿梭軋制,沒有大活套,所以頭尾溫差小,產(chǎn)品性能得到改善。到了 20 世紀(jì) 50 年代,隨著機(jī)械制造、電氣傳動(dòng)及控制水平的提高,軋制速度達(dá)到 36m/s。20 世紀(jì) 70 年代,摩根公司、施羅—西馬克公司研制了 45°無扭組合連續(xù)式線材軋機(jī)。軋制速度了達(dá) 60m/s。90 年代以來,美國(guó)摩根公司又開發(fā)了高精度線材軋機(jī),他們?cè)跓o扭精度軋機(jī)后增加剪徑和定徑機(jī)架以提高線材精度和軋機(jī)產(chǎn)量。1991 年摩根公司提供給巴西內(nèi)爾格廠棒、線材軋機(jī)投產(chǎn),最高極限軋制速度為 140m/s,設(shè)計(jì)軋制速度達(dá)到 120m/s,一般采用單線布置。這就是所謂的第六代高速無扭線材軋機(jī)。1.3.3 國(guó)內(nèi)線材軋機(jī)的發(fā)展我國(guó)線材生產(chǎn)在解放前,只有幾套陳舊、落后的橫列式線材軋機(jī),其中最早的唯一一套復(fù)二重式是當(dāng)時(shí)的上海鋼鐵公司的 Φ255mm 線材軋機(jī)。從 1942 年投入到解放前的 7年中一共生產(chǎn)線材不到 3 萬噸。解放后由上鋼二廠接管,通過多年逐步改造、革新,其年設(shè)計(jì)能力達(dá)到 25 萬噸,軋制速度達(dá)到 16m/s。1980 年實(shí)際年產(chǎn)量達(dá)到 37.6 萬噸,創(chuàng)造了我國(guó)復(fù)二重式線材軋機(jī)最高年產(chǎn)記錄。自六十年代到七十年代末期,乃至八十年代初期,我國(guó)復(fù)二重式線材軋機(jī)取得了較大的發(fā)展,三十多套這類軋機(jī)相繼問世。這期間的發(fā)展是與北京鋼鐵設(shè)計(jì)院結(jié)合上鋼二廠復(fù)二重式軋機(jī)的特點(diǎn)所做的“復(fù)二重式線材軋機(jī) ”有著密切聯(lián)系的。在七十年代初,我國(guó)開始研制 45?無扭高速線材軋機(jī)。 1982 年 10 月 1 日,我國(guó)與菲律賓簽訂合同,向菲律賓出口了一條精軋作業(yè)線。另外,1984 年 5 月,與德國(guó)西馬克公司簽訂的馬鞍山鋼鐵公司高速線材軋機(jī)技術(shù)合作合同生效,開始為馬鋼合作制造 75m/s 高速線材軋機(jī)成套設(shè)備,與 1987 年投產(chǎn),拉開了中國(guó)引進(jìn)高速線材軋機(jī)的序幕,使我國(guó)線材軋機(jī)有了質(zhì)的飛躍。1.3.4 國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)技術(shù)目前國(guó)際上最先進(jìn)的高速線材軋機(jī)是:摩根無扭高速懸臂式 45°軋機(jī)。該機(jī)組解決了軋機(jī)振動(dòng)問題,其辦法是取消了接軸式聯(lián)軸器,采用了精密螺旋傘齒輪與螺旋齒輪軋輥軸直接嚙合連接,代替了普通精軋機(jī)上的萬向接軸。 目前這種軋機(jī)有幾個(gè)廠進(jìn)行引進(jìn):天津鋼廠引進(jìn)的美國(guó)摩根公司高速線材軋機(jī)、昆鋼引進(jìn)德國(guó) sms 公司的高速線材軋機(jī)、張家港沙太鋼鐵公司高速線材軋機(jī)的引進(jìn)、湘鋼引進(jìn)遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 4 頁摩根高速線材軋機(jī)。起特點(diǎn)是: 1) 工藝布置優(yōu)化。全線 26 架軋機(jī)呈平立軋制交替布置,軋件在整個(gè)軋制過程中無扭轉(zhuǎn); 2) 高速軋制。成品軋機(jī)的軋制速度為 120m/s,引進(jìn)最新一代超重型 V 型精軋機(jī),軋機(jī)的功率、負(fù)荷、剛度都優(yōu)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型軋機(jī); 3) 產(chǎn)品的高檔化??缮a(chǎn) φ5.5mm~φ20mm 共 30 個(gè)規(guī)格線材;4) 產(chǎn)品盤重大,采用一錠一坯成品,成品每盤單重達(dá) 2.2t; 5) 產(chǎn)品性能優(yōu)質(zhì)化。采用美國(guó)摩根公司最新開發(fā)的大風(fēng)量斯太爾摩控制冷卻設(shè)備,成品線材可以直接拉成高強(qiáng)度鋼絲; 6) 自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)數(shù)字化。提高了軋制過程的控制精度、可靠性和易操作性。 遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 5 頁2 方案設(shè)計(jì)2.1 線材軋機(jī)的軋制力能參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)2.1.1 孔型系統(tǒng)的選擇孔型系統(tǒng)一般由延伸孔型系統(tǒng)和精軋孔型系統(tǒng)兩部分組成。延伸孔型的作用是壓縮軋件斷面,為成品孔型系統(tǒng)提供合適的紅坯。它對(duì)鋼材軋制的產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量有很大的影響,但對(duì)產(chǎn)品最后的形狀尺寸影響不大。常用的延伸孔型系統(tǒng)一般有箱形、菱—方、菱—菱、橢—方、六角—方、橢圓—圓、橢圓—立橢圓等;精軋孔型系統(tǒng)一般是方—橢圓—螺或圓—橢圓—螺孔型。本設(shè)計(jì)采用橢圓 —圓孔型系統(tǒng)。2.1.2 軋制總壓力和軋制力矩的設(shè)計(jì)線材軋機(jī)的總壓力根據(jù)艾克隆德公式確定,通過孔型設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算出壓下量和給出的軋制速度等參數(shù)算出軋制總壓力。軋制力矩的確定方法有兩種,一種是通過軋制力來計(jì)算軋制力矩,第二種是根據(jù)軋制能量來推算軋制力矩。本次設(shè)計(jì)選擇第一種方法來確定軋制力矩的大小。2.2 主電機(jī)的選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)主要根據(jù)電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率來選擇,另外一般選用高轉(zhuǎn)速,用減速器來減速, 而不采用成本較高的低速電動(dòng)機(jī),其作用是給整個(gè)系統(tǒng)提供動(dòng)力。首先確定電機(jī)的力矩,再初選電機(jī)功率,根據(jù)初選的電機(jī)功率確定電機(jī)的型號(hào)。2.3 軋機(jī)機(jī)架的設(shè)計(jì)軋機(jī)機(jī)架的作用是在軋制過程中,被軋制的金屬作用到軋輥上的全部軋制力,通過軋輥軸承、軸承座、壓下螺絲以及螺母?jìng)鹘o機(jī)架,并由機(jī)座全部吸收,不再傳給地基。機(jī)架按結(jié)構(gòu)分為開式和閉式,閉式機(jī)架是一個(gè)整體框架,強(qiáng)度和剛度很大,得到廣泛應(yīng)用,所以本設(shè)計(jì)采用的就是閉式機(jī)架。選擇機(jī)架的基本尺寸參數(shù),并對(duì)機(jī)架的強(qiáng)度和剛度進(jìn)行校核。遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 6 頁2.4 軋輥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)2.4.1 軋輥的設(shè)計(jì)軋輥是軋鋼機(jī)中直接軋制軋件的主要部件,粗軋機(jī)組件由上下軋輥及其軸承部件組成的,軋輥與軋輥軸承通過軸承座安裝在軋機(jī)機(jī)架的窗口內(nèi),上軋輥是通過它的軸承座與其上面的壓下螺絲相連,并把垂直向上的軋制壓力通過壓下螺絲和螺母?jìng)鹘o機(jī)架,其下面通過軸承盒支在平衡裝置的四根頂桿上。在軋制過程中,軋輥直接與軋件接觸,強(qiáng)迫軋件發(fā)生變形。軋輥結(jié)構(gòu)有輥身、輥頸、和輥頭三部分組成。 輥身是軋輥直接與軋件接觸的工作部分。輥頸是軋輥的支撐部分。而輥頭則是軋輥與連接軸相接的地方。對(duì)軋輥進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核,通常對(duì)輥身只計(jì)算彎曲應(yīng)力,對(duì)輥頸計(jì)算彎曲和扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力,對(duì)傳動(dòng)端軸頭只計(jì)算扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力。2.4.2 軋輥軸承的設(shè)計(jì)由于各類軋機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作條件差別很大,因而采用不同類型的軸承。軋輥上使用的軸承主要是雙列球面滾子軸承、四列圓錐滾子軸承以及四列圓柱混子軸承。本次設(shè)計(jì)選擇四列圓柱滾子軸承。這類軸承的特點(diǎn)是:徑向承載能力大,不能承受軸向載荷,徑向尺寸小,允許轉(zhuǎn)速高等。根據(jù)輥頸尺寸選擇軋輥軸承的型號(hào),對(duì)其進(jìn)行壽命校核。2.4.3 軋機(jī)軋輥調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)上軋輥調(diào)整裝置即壓下裝置,壓下裝置按照軋鋼機(jī)的類型、軋件的軋制精度等要求,以及生產(chǎn)率高低的要求可分為:手動(dòng)、電動(dòng)、電—液及全液壓壓下機(jī)構(gòu)。本設(shè)計(jì)采用液壓壓下裝置,因?yàn)檐垯C(jī)上輥調(diào)節(jié)距離不大,調(diào)節(jié)速度不快,但調(diào)節(jié)精度要求高。2.5 軋機(jī)主傳動(dòng)裝置設(shè)計(jì)軋機(jī)主傳動(dòng)裝置包括,連接軸,聯(lián)軸器,齒輪機(jī)座,減速器部分組成。本次設(shè)計(jì)不涉及此輪機(jī)座。 (1)聯(lián)接軸:其作用是將扭矩從齒輪機(jī)座或一個(gè)工作機(jī)座的軋輥傳遞給另一個(gè)工作機(jī)組的軋輥。它的主要類型為:萬向接軸和梅花接軸。本設(shè)計(jì)采用萬向接軸。(2)聯(lián)軸器:主要是齒輪聯(lián)軸器,作為主電機(jī)聯(lián)軸器或主聯(lián)軸器。遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 7 頁因?yàn)辇X輪聯(lián)軸器結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,緊湊,制造容易,并有很高的精度,摩擦損失小,能傳遞很大的扭矩,有良好的補(bǔ)償性能和一定的彈性等特點(diǎn)。(3)主減速器:作用是把主電機(jī)的高速轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)變成軋輥需要的低轉(zhuǎn)數(shù),以避免采用成本較高的低速電動(dòng)機(jī)。2.6 系統(tǒng)的潤(rùn)滑潤(rùn)滑的作用不僅是潤(rùn)滑工作表面,以減少磨損,提高效率和延長(zhǎng)機(jī)件的壽命,同時(shí)還能起到冷卻、緩沖、減振、防銹和排污等作用。因此,任何設(shè)備的重要部件都離不開潤(rùn)滑。遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 8 頁3 孔型設(shè)計(jì)3.1 孔型系統(tǒng)的選擇軋制線材用的孔型按用途分為延伸孔型和精軋孔型。延伸孔型的作用是壓縮軋件斷面為成型孔提供紅坯。精軋孔型的作用是使軋件最終形成所需的成品斷面形狀和尺寸。軋制線材常用的孔型按形狀分有箱型孔型系統(tǒng)、菱 —方孔型系統(tǒng)、菱 —菱孔型系統(tǒng)、六角孔型系統(tǒng)、橢圓 —方孔型系統(tǒng)、橢圓 —立橢圓孔型系統(tǒng)、橢圓 —圓孔型系統(tǒng)等。這里選擇橢圓 —圓孔型系統(tǒng)。為了保證粗軋機(jī)組軋制出斷面尺寸準(zhǔn)確的軋件,最后一道次采用圓孔型。橢圓 —圓孔型系統(tǒng)如圖 3.1 所示:圖 3.1 橢圓 —圓孔型系統(tǒng)3.1.1 橢圓—圓孔型系統(tǒng)的變形系數(shù)1.延伸系數(shù):橢圓 —圓孔型系統(tǒng)的延伸系數(shù)一般不超過 1.3~1.4,軋件在橢圓孔型中的延伸系數(shù)為1.2~1.6,軋機(jī)在圓孔型中的延伸系數(shù)為 1.2~1.4。2.寬展系數(shù):橢圓 —圓孔型系統(tǒng)的寬展系數(shù)為 0.5~0.95,軋件在圓孔型的寬展系數(shù)為 0.3~0.4。3.1.2 橢圓—圓孔型系統(tǒng)的孔型構(gòu)成1.橢圓孔型的構(gòu)成:孔型寬度 :kB(3.1)?bBk?遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 9 頁式中:b ——橢圓軋件的寬展;——寬展余量,一般取 0.85~0.9,這里取 0.9。?孔型高度 :khhk?(3.2)式中:h ——橢圓軋件的高度?!獙捳褂嗔浚话闳?0.85~0.9,這里取 0.9。?輥縫 s:??hs3.0~2?(3.3)橢圓孔型的圓弧半徑 R:??shBRk???42(3.4)外圓角半徑 r:kBr)12.0~8.(?(3.5)2.圓孔型的構(gòu)成:孔型高度 :khRFhyk2??(3.6)式中: ——圓斷面軋件的斷面面積。yF孔型寬度 :kB遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 10 頁???RBk2(3.7)式中: ——寬展留的余量,可取 1~4mm。?圓孔型的擴(kuò)張半徑 :R?)cos(sin48i22 ?kkkBRbB?????(3.8)其他尺寸,孔型的擴(kuò)張角 ,通常取 ;外圓角半徑 r=2~5mm;輥?30~15??30?縫 s=2~5mm.3.2 孔型尺寸的計(jì)算表 3.1 邊長(zhǎng)為 120mm 的方坯制成 Φ5.5 線材軋機(jī)斷面尺寸軋機(jī)號(hào) 軋件截面形狀 軋件高度(mm)軋件寬度(mm)軋件截面積()2m8# 橢圓 26.4 62.3 12509# 圓 35 35.1 96010# 橢圓 19.2 48.69 71511# 圓 26.5 26.6 55012# 橢圓 14.7 36.27 41013# 圓 20 20 320以 12#和 13#為例,進(jìn)行孔型尺寸計(jì)算:(1)12#軋機(jī)為橢圓孔型,其孔型寬度 、高度 、輥縫 s、橢圓孔型的圓弧半徑kBkhR、外圓角半徑 r:mm3.409.276??bBkmm1h取 mm ??s.~0 1.3742.1.??hs遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 11 頁mm????9.371.4037.1422 ????????shBRk取 mm kr).0~8.( 0.4?kBr(2)13#軋機(jī)為圓孔型,其孔型寬度 、高度 、圓孔型的擴(kuò)張半徑 :kkhR?mm?Rhkmm210??B)30cos21(sin4208)i31ss(2 ??????? ?kkkBbRs= mm.0其他軋機(jī)的孔型設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果如下表 3.2:表 3.2 孔型設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)果軋機(jī)號(hào) 孔型形狀 孔高( mm)孔寬(mm) 軋件面積(mm )(2)m輥縫(mm)8# 橢圓 26.4 69 1250 4.49# 圓 35 36 960 410# 橢圓 19.2 54.1 715 411# 圓 26.5 27.5 550 412# 橢圓 14.7 40.3 410 3.113# 圓 20 21 320 3.0遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 12 頁4 軋輥軋制總壓力與軋輥驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩4.1 軋制力的計(jì)算 在計(jì)算中常用的公式有艾克隆德公式、西姆斯公式、Stone 等公式。在具體設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況選擇應(yīng)用。其中艾克隆德公式適用范圍是:1) 熱軋型鋼時(shí)計(jì)算平均單位壓力;2) 軋制溫度大于 950℃,材質(zhì)為 Q235;3) 軋制速度小于 5m/s 時(shí)。軋制壓力 P 等于平均單位壓力 與接觸水平投影面積 F 之乘積。mP4.1.1 平均單位壓力的計(jì)算本設(shè)計(jì)中選用艾克隆德公式,由文獻(xiàn)[2,2-103]知,艾克隆德公式為:= ( ) mP)1(?uK?(4.1)式中: ——外摩擦對(duì)單位壓力影響系數(shù);m——靜壓力下單位變形力,MPa;K——粘性系數(shù), ;?2/mskg?——平均變形速度 。u1?遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 13 頁其中第一項(xiàng) 是考慮外摩擦的影響,決定 的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式為:)1(m?m(4.2)1010)(2.)(6.1hR????式中: ——摩擦系數(shù),硬面鑄鐵軋輥 μ=0.8(1.05-0.0005t ),t 為軋制溫度,℃?——軋輥工作半徑,mm;R——軋制前后軋件的高度,mm;10h、第二項(xiàng)中乘積 是考慮變形速度對(duì)變形抗力的影響,其中平均變形速度值 用下式計(jì)算:?u ?= u102hRv??(4.3)式中: ——軋制速度,m/s,8840 mm/s ;v——軋制前后軋件的高度,mm;10h、R ——軋輥工作半徑,mm;計(jì)算 和 的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式為:K?=(14-0.01t)(1.4+ + +0.3 )×9.8 K)(cw)Mn)(Crw(4.4)式中: t —— 軋制溫度,℃;—— 以%表示的碳的百分含量,本設(shè)計(jì)中取 0.15;)(cw—— 以%表示的 Mn 的百分含量,本設(shè)計(jì)中取 0.30;Mn——以%表示的 Cr 的百分含量,本設(shè)計(jì)中取 0.30。)(Cr的計(jì)算公式為:?= 0.01(14-0.01t ) ?'C(4.5)式中 決定于軋制速度。 的選擇見下表:'C'C表 3.1 粘度系數(shù) 與軋制速度的對(duì)應(yīng)表'軋制速度(m/s) <6 6~10 10~15 15~20'1.0 0.8 0.65 0.6以 12#、13#機(jī)為例計(jì)算:遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 14 頁其平均壓下量 為:mh?= mh?1079.85.h?(4.6)=mhm0295.179.023685.0???= u13.8.14???S= 0.01×(14-0.01×1000)×0.8=0.032? 2/skg?=(14-0.01×1000)(1.4+0.15+0.3+0.3×0.3)×9.8=76.048MPaKμ=0.8×(1.05-0.0005×1000)=0.44 349.0207.36)27.36(1)(194.06 ??????m= ×( )=106.40MPaP).(?.84.1.2 接觸面水平投影面積的計(jì)算在簡(jiǎn)單軋制情況下,計(jì)算接觸面水平投影面積 F 公式為:F= = lBhRb???210(4.7)式中: ——軋件平均寬度;mm;B——接觸弧長(zhǎng)度;mm;l——軋制前后軋件的寬度;mm;10b、——軋輥平均工作半徑,mm;R——壓下量,mmh?NPmFl 65.9841.274.0612735..9????4.2 軋輥驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩的計(jì)算在簡(jiǎn)單軋制情況下,驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)軋輥的力矩 為軋制力矩 和軋輥軸承處摩擦力矩kMz之和,由文獻(xiàn)[4,2-120] 可知其公式為:1fM遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 15 頁= + kMz1f(4.8)求軋制力矩,由文獻(xiàn)[4,2-120]可知其公式為:?sin2DaPz?(4.9)式中: ——軋制力;P——軋制力力臂,即合力作用線距兩個(gè)軋輥中心線的垂直距離;a——軋輥直徑;D——咬入角, ;?)1arcos(Dh????——合力作用點(diǎn)的角度, ;??????——力臂系數(shù),熱軋時(shí): =0.5,冷軋時(shí): =0.35~0.45?計(jì)算得:????17.6)380295.1arcos(???.7.650?m2sin2NMz ???93.581..984求軋輥軸承處摩擦力矩,其公式為:1?Pf(4.10)?21d?式中: ——軋制力;P——軋輥軸承處摩擦圓半徑;1?——軋輥軸頸直徑;d——軋輥軸承摩擦系數(shù),滾動(dòng)軸承 =0.004??遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 16 頁=98648.65×0.46=45378.3791fMmN?軋輥驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩:=2635891.93+45378.379=2681270.31k ?兩個(gè)輥總驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩:=2×2681270.31=5362540.62 (4.11)kk2?? mN?5 軋機(jī)主電動(dòng)機(jī)力矩及電動(dòng)力功率5.1 主電動(dòng)機(jī)力矩主電動(dòng)機(jī)軸上的力矩由四部分組成,即:donkdonkfD MfizMiMz ??????21(5.1)式中: ——電動(dòng)機(jī)力矩;DM——軋輥上的軋制力矩;Z——附加摩擦力矩,即當(dāng)軋制時(shí)由于軋制力作用在軋輥軸承、傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)及其他f傳動(dòng)件中的摩擦而產(chǎn)生的附加力矩, ;21Mfiff??遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 17 頁——空轉(zhuǎn)力矩,軋機(jī)空轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)在軋輥軸承及傳動(dòng)裝置中所產(chǎn)生的摩擦力矩及其konM他阻力距;——?jiǎng)恿兀堓佭\(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度不均勻時(shí),各部件由于有加速或減速所引起的慣don性力所產(chǎn)生的力矩;因 Φ380 平輥軋機(jī)屬于不可逆式,故 ;0?donMi——軋輥與主電動(dòng)機(jī)的傳動(dòng)比。5.2 電機(jī)容量的選擇軋輥轉(zhuǎn)速 :znmin/5.43801.60rvDnZ????可得軋制速度 mi/84v式中: ——工作輥直徑。D由軋輥力矩初選電動(dòng)機(jī)功率:?950zKernMN????(5.2) 8.6.94.0????萬 向 接 軸聯(lián) 軸 器減 速 器 ??故, KWNer 45.2809.503624??初選電機(jī)功率應(yīng)滿足 ,考慮到生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展以及需要軋制不同的鋼種, 應(yīng)erN?? erN取的大些,取電機(jī)功率 為 500KW,電機(jī)主要參數(shù)為:er型號(hào):ZKSL-450-21額定功率:500KW轉(zhuǎn)速:1200r/min電機(jī)額定轉(zhuǎn)矩 為:erMmNnNerer ????3971205950(5.3)遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 18 頁5.3 附加摩擦力矩附加摩擦力矩包括:軋制總壓力在軋輥上產(chǎn)生的附加摩擦力矩 ;各轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)零件推算1fM到主電動(dòng)機(jī)軸上的附加摩擦力矩 。2fMiikfZf )()1(12 ???????(5.4)式中: ——主電動(dòng)機(jī)到軋輥之間的傳動(dòng)效率,不包括空轉(zhuǎn)力矩 的損失。1? konM89.06.94.0??????萬 向 接 軸聯(lián) 軸 器減 速 器 ?7.251Zerni則可求得: mNMf ?????138.27.268103)9.0(2主電動(dòng)機(jī)軸上的附加總摩擦力矩為: Nfiff ?????945.138.127.45389215.4 空轉(zhuǎn)力矩空轉(zhuǎn)力矩有各傳動(dòng)零件的重量產(chǎn)生的摩擦損失,公式如下:mNMerkon ????95.183705.)6.0~3.((5.5)因此主電動(dòng)機(jī)力矩 為:DMfizdonkD ????????? 6103.198504.1357.296585.5 電動(dòng)機(jī)的校核對(duì)于不可逆軋機(jī)不需要進(jìn)行發(fā)熱校核,只需要進(jìn)行過載校核。電動(dòng)機(jī)的過載系數(shù),由文獻(xiàn)[4,2-161]可知其公式為:遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 19 頁35.139705624.max??ercM(5.6)式中: ——靜負(fù)載最大力矩。maxM對(duì)于不可逆式軋機(jī),過載系數(shù): caK?2.0?15=所以過載校核通過。6 機(jī)架的設(shè)計(jì)6.1 機(jī)架的選擇及結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)軋機(jī)的機(jī)架是工作機(jī)座的重要部件,軋輥軸承座及軋輥調(diào)整裝置等都安裝在機(jī)架上。機(jī)架要承受軋制力,必須要有足夠的強(qiáng)度和剛度。Φ380H 平輥軋機(jī)要求具有較高的遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 20 頁強(qiáng)度和剛度,因此選擇閉式機(jī)架。機(jī)架的材料為 16Mn。機(jī)架的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)如圖 6.1 所示。圖 6.1 機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu)圖6.2 機(jī)架強(qiáng)度的計(jì)算及校核選用的機(jī)架材料為 16Mn,屬于低碳合金鋼。機(jī)架的力學(xué)性能為: ;MPas260??; 。n 為安全系數(shù),這里取 2.5。MPab50????MPanb205.??機(jī)架外負(fù)荷和幾何尺寸都與機(jī)架窗口垂直中心線對(duì)稱,故可將機(jī)架簡(jiǎn)化為一個(gè)由機(jī)架立柱和上下橫梁的中性軸組成的自由框架。機(jī)架受力圖如圖 6.2 所示:遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 21 頁圖 6.2 機(jī)架受力圖圖上作用于機(jī)架上的垂直力 R, NP325.4926.8??機(jī)架自由框架所受彎曲力矩如圖 6.3 所示:圖 6.3 自由框架彎曲力矩圖機(jī)架窗口垂直中心線處靜不定力矩 ,其公式為:1M遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 22 頁312121144IlIlRM???(6.1)式中: ——機(jī)架橫梁的中性線長(zhǎng)度, ;1l ml8301?——機(jī)架立柱的中性線長(zhǎng)度, ;2 25——機(jī)架上橫梁的慣性距;1I——機(jī)架立柱的慣性矩;2——機(jī)架下橫梁的慣性矩。3I由于上下橫梁慣性矩相同,即 ,則力矩 為:13I?1M212114IlRl???(6.2)上橫梁慣性距 為:1I3112hbI?(6.3)式中: ——機(jī)架上橫梁橫截面的寬度, ;1b mb160?——機(jī)架上橫梁橫截面的高度, 。hh45431 2..2I?機(jī)架立柱上的慣性矩 為:3221hbI?(6.4)式中: ——機(jī)架立柱橫梁橫截面的寬度, ;2b mb6012?——機(jī)架上橫梁橫截面的高度, 。hh4遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 23 頁431 018.24.60mI???彎矩 為:1M NIlRl ???????? 81.95014.25.083.2.4.35.922411在立柱上的彎矩 :2mMRl ??????0.2768.9543.2.9412(6.5)在求出力矩 和 后,可求出機(jī)架的應(yīng)力,其應(yīng)力圖如圖 6.4 所示:1M2圖 6.4 機(jī)架應(yīng)力圖機(jī)架橫梁內(nèi)側(cè)的應(yīng)力 為:1n?