2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語法 專題十二 介詞與介詞短語.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語法 專題十二 介詞與介詞短語 考點　語境詞義辨析 1．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea？(xx浙江，3) A．a(chǎn)bout B．to C．with D．over 2．Most people work because it’s unavoidable.________，there are some people who actually enjoy work.(xx浙江，10) A．As a result B．In addition C．By contrast D．In conclusion 3．Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around ________ Thomas Edison.(xx江蘇，34) A．thanks to B．regardless of C．a(chǎn)side from D．but for 4．This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you ________ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(xx湖北，30) A．in advance B．in detail C．in total D．in general 5．The little pupil took his grandma________ the arm and walked her across the street.(xx陜西，12) A．on B．by C．in D．a(chǎn)t 6．A mon memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform.(xx福建，22) A．of B．on C．to D．with 考點歸納 1．幾組常見的介詞短語 (1)out of＋名詞 out of question毫無疑問；out of the question不可能；out of order次序顛倒；out of sight看不見；out of place不合適；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇 (2)in＋名詞＋介詞 in case of以防萬一；in honor of為了紀(jì)念……；in favor of支持；in memory of為了紀(jì)念……；in charge of負責(zé)；in terms of從……角度；in need of需要；in praise of表揚；in view of鑒于；in return for作為對……的回報；in response to對……的答復(fù)或反應(yīng) (3)to one’s＋情感名詞 to one’s surprise令某人驚訝的是；to one’s joy使某人高興的是；to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是；to one’s delight使某人高興的是 2．注意下列短語中介詞的用法 for nothing不花錢，免費 e across the room穿過房間 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 get paid by the week按周獲得報酬 be particular about...對……苛求、挑剔 with satisfaction滿意地 be second to none不輸于任何人；不比任何東西差 on one’s own獨自地 in great quantity大量地，大批量 in great demand需求量很大 take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向發(fā)展 keep an eye on照看，照料 解題方法 方法1　漢語對照法 在高考試題中，考查的介詞有一大部分是表示方位、范圍的，這就涉及到一些表示方位的介詞，這時可以根據(jù)其漢語意思來解答此類試題。 (1)Don’t you think this shirt is too tight ________ the shoulders? A．a(chǎn)cross B．over C．a(chǎn)bove D．through 答案　A 解析　句意為：難道你不覺得這件襯衣肩部太緊了？across the shoulder從肩的一邊到另一邊。over，above指在上方；through指從事物的內(nèi)部穿過。 (2)Sean has formed the habit of jogging ________ the treelined avenue for two hours every day. A．between B．a(chǎn)long C．below D．with 答案　B 解析　句意為：Sean已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了每天沿林蔭大道慢跑兩個小時的習(xí)慣。between在兩者之間；along沿著；below在……下方；with與……在一起，用，隨著。 (3)Four Chinese models were ________ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel petition. A．a(chǎn)mong B．between C．a(chǎn)long D．beside 答案　A 解析　句意為：在周五世界超模大賽上，四位中國模特躋身14位獲獎選手當(dāng)中。among位于……(兩者以上)之間；between在兩者之間；along沿著；beside在……旁邊。 方法2　固定短語法 關(guān)于介詞的固定搭配，在解答試題時，要注意從句子中找出中心詞匯，也就是這個詞和選項中的詞能夠構(gòu)成一個固定搭配，符合句子意思，這樣問題就會很快解決。 (1)My father warned me ________ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. A．by B．on C．for D．a(chǎn)gainst 答案　D 解析　句意為：爸爸警告我不要去西海岸，因為那里擠滿了游客。warn sb.against doing sth.＝warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事。 (2)A great man shows his greatness ________ the way he treats little men. A．under B．with C．on D．by 答案　D 解析　句意為：一位偉人的偉大之處往往通過他對待小人物的方式體現(xiàn)出來。by表示方式，意為“靠，用，通過”。 方法3　利用置入法解決介詞短語的相關(guān)題目 關(guān)于介詞短語的相關(guān)題目，一般采用將介詞短語置入句子，進行逐一翻譯的方法。解決此類題目的關(guān)鍵就是平時多積累相關(guān)知識，然后讀懂題干的含義。 (1)I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just________. A．by nature B．in return C．in case D．by chance 答案　C 解析　句意為：我估計我們以前討論過此事，不過我再問你一次只是以防(免)我記錯了。by nature生來，本來；in return作為報答；in case以防萬一，以免；by chance偶然地，意外地。由句意可以看出，in case為最佳答案。 (2)________ his being late again，he lost his job and had to stay at home. A．Owe to B．As result of C．In case of D．Because of 答案　D 解析　根據(jù)句意可知，逗號前應(yīng)為原因狀語，故C項不對；A項應(yīng)為owing to；B項應(yīng)為as a result of。故只有D項正確。 提醒：完成作業(yè)　強化練(十二)  強化練(十二)強化練(十二)　介詞與介詞短語 (建議用時：12分鐘) 1．________ the previous approach to offering lowcost models to the market，Chinese car makers are focusing on displaying alternative energydriven vehicles to meet environmental concerns.(xx泰州二模，34) A．With regard to B．On account of C．In contrast to D．In response to 2．He abandoned teaching ________ a career as a musician.(xx南京、鹽城二模，28) A．in favor of B．in terms of C．with regard to D．with reference to 3．________ his broken legs，Tom was forced to abandon the ing provincial sports meeting，which made him very depressed.(xx揚州一模，32) A．In case of B．In terms of C．On top of D．On account of 4．A great deal of hotel business es from not only people travelling for holidays but people travelling ________ their business activities.(xx南京、鹽城一模，32) A．in harmony with B．in conflict with C．by order of D．by virtue of 5．The campaign is ________ only partially successful，so we have to keep on working hard.(xx南通、連云港二模，22) A．a(chǎn)t last B．a(chǎn)t latest C．a(chǎn)t least D．a(chǎn)t best 6．________their cultures，Americans have taken over from the Indians many other things.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模，22) A．On behalf of B．In praise of C．In possession of D．On top of 7．—Are you going on a visit to New Zealand next Saturday? —I haven’t decided yet.It is still ________.(xx南通第二次調(diào)研，31) A．in the air B．between the lines C．to the point D．over the moon 8．The record about the massacre(大屠殺) is fairly clear and beyond dispute ________ those activities the Japanese soldiers were involved in.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模，28) A．in memory of B．with assistance of C．with respect to D．in place of 9．—Why have they been working on the project for so long? —________ safety.Nothing is as important as that，you know. A．On the point of B．At the mercy of C．For the sake of D．In the presence of 10．________ the warning message，more lives would have been lost in the flood. A．But for B．Except for C．Regardless of D．Instead of 11．He has set us a good example by serving people heart and soul，________ his personal gain and loss. A．in terms of B．regardless of C．in favor of D．by means of 12．At the ceremony，the president delivered a thankyou speech ________ the pany. A．on account of B．in charge of C．on behalf of D．in terms of 13．On the way home last night，Sarah struggled through the wind，rain beating ________ her face. A．a(chǎn)bove B．a(chǎn)gainst C．upon D．beyond 14．Bob is kind，hardworking and intelligent；________，I can’t speak too highly of him. A．a(chǎn)s a result B．in a word C．by the way D．on the contrary 15．It is known that theory is based on practice and ________ serves practice. A．in need B．in return C．in turn D．in place 16．________ the culture gap and language differences，we still can understand each other through our body languages. A．Regarding B．Despite C．Without D．Considering 17．—My phone was ________ and I didn’t realize it until this morning. —No wonder I couldn’t get through last night. A．out of date B．out of place C．out of order D．out of reach 18．I’m waiting for the group to decide our traveling plan ________ making it myself. A．rather than B．other than C．a(chǎn)part from D．far from 19．It is ________ ill health that she is now not so active in the movement. A．instead of B．in place of C．thanks to D．in face of 20．People in the south live on rice.________，they eat a great deal of fruit. A．In addition B．In agreement C．In conclusion D．In condition  學(xué)生用書答案精析 專題十二　介詞與介詞短語 考點 1．B　[本題考查固定搭配。句意為：你聽說過是海陸兩棲動物棲息地的樹嗎？be home to為固定搭配，意為“是……的棲息地，是……的家園”。] 2．C　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：大多數(shù)人工作因為這是無法避免的，相比之下，也有一些人確實喜歡工作。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示前后對比。by contrast相比之下，符合語境。as a result結(jié)果；in addition另外，此外；in conclusion總之。] 3．D　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：如果沒有托馬斯愛迪生的話，我們現(xiàn)在所受益的許多東西是不會出現(xiàn)的。thanks to幸虧，由于；regardless of不管，不顧；aside from除了，除……以外；but for要不是，如果沒有的話。由句意知選D項。] 4．A　[本題考查“in＋名詞”型短語意義辨析。句意為：這個會議室是“無煙區(qū)”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在這里吸煙，你將會被罰款。根據(jù)題干中that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可知，說話者是在“提前”告訴對方這一事實，所以選擇in advance。in detail詳細地；in total總共；in general一般來說。] 5．B　[句意為：那個小學(xué)生攙著奶奶的胳膊，送她過了街道?！皠釉~＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋人體部位”是習(xí)慣用法，根據(jù)身體的不同的部位變化介詞，如：pat sb.on the head，hit sb.in the face等。] 6．A　[考查介詞的用法。句意為：他們對校園歲月的共同記憶就是校服。本句使用了have a memory of這一搭配，意為“對……的記憶”。]  二輪專題強化練答案精析 強化練(十二)　介詞與介詞短語 1．C　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：為了消除人們對環(huán)境的擔(dān)憂，與以前為市場提供低成本型號的方法形成對比，現(xiàn)在的中國汽車制造者正集中注意力展示可替代能源驅(qū)動車輛。with regard to關(guān)于；on account of由于；in response to對……作出回應(yīng)；in contrast to與……對比，此處就是指前后兩種方法的對比，故選C項。] 2．A　[句意為：為了把音樂作為自己的職業(yè)，他放棄了教學(xué)。in terms of就……而言；with regard to關(guān)于。with reference to關(guān)于；in favor of贊同，支持，符合題意，故選A項。] 3．D　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：由于腿受傷，湯姆被迫放棄即將到來的省運動會，這使得他非常沮喪。in case of如果，假使；in terms of就……而言；on top of除……之外；on account of由于，符合題意，故選D項。] 4．D　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：很多旅館生意不僅是來自度假旅游的人，也有因為商業(yè)活動來旅游的人。in harmony with與……一致；in conflict with和……沖突；by order of按照……的命令。by virtue of由于，因為，符合語境，故選D項。] 5．D　[句意為：這場戰(zhàn)役充其量僅僅取得階段性成功，因此我們必須繼續(xù)努力。at last最后；at latest最近；at least至少；at best充其量，最多。根據(jù)題干中的only partially可判斷選D。] 6．D　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：除了他們的文化，美國人還從印第安人那里奪取了很多其他的東西。on behalf of代表；in praise of表揚，贊揚；in possession of擁有，占有。on top of除了……還有，此處相當(dāng)于besides，符合題意，故選D項。] 7．A　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：——下個周六你要去新西蘭參觀嗎？——我還沒決定呢。這還懸而未決。between the lines字里行間，言外之意；to the point中肯，切題；over the moon欣喜若狂。in the air懸而未決，符合題意。故選A項。] 8．C　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：至于日本士兵參與的那些活動，大屠殺的記錄是相當(dāng)清楚和不容置疑的。in memory of為了紀(jì)念……；with assistance of在……的協(xié)助下；in place of代替。with respect to至于，談到，符合語境，故選C項。] 9．C　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：——他們?yōu)槭裁丛谶@項工程上花這么長時間??？——為了安全起見。你知道，沒什么和安全一樣重要的了。for the sake of...為了……起見，符合題意。on the point of正要……的時候；at the mercy of任……擺布；in the presence of在……面前，都不符合題意。] 10．A　[考查介詞短語。句意為：要不是警告信息，洪災(zāi)中將會失去更多的生命。but for要不是；except for除了……以外(從整體中去除一部分)；regardless of不管；instead of而不是。故選A。] 11．B　[考查介詞短語。句意為：他不顧個人得失，全心全意為人民服務(wù)，給我們樹立了良好的榜樣。in terms of就……而言；regardless of不管，不顧；in favor of贊同；by means of通過……的方法。故選B。] 12．C　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：在開幕式上，董事長代表公司作了演講，表達感激之情。on account of因為，由于，基于；in charge of負責(zé)，掌管；on behalf of代表；in terms of就……而言。故選C。] 13．B　[句意為：昨晚回家路上，Sarah在風(fēng)中掙扎著前進，雨水拍打在她的臉上。above在……之上；against襯托，靠著，反對，逆著，碰，撞；upon相當(dāng)于on；beyond指“超出……，在……能力范圍以外”。根據(jù)句意可判斷B項正確。] 14．B　[考查介詞短語。句意為：Bob是個善良的、工作努力且勤奮的人，總之，我怎么夸獎他都不過分。as a result結(jié)果；in a word總之；by the way順便問一下；on the contrary正相反。由句意可知選B項。] 15．C　[考查介詞短語。句意為：眾所周知，理論是以實踐為基礎(chǔ)，反過來又為實踐服務(wù)。in need處于困難中；in return作為回報；in turn反過來；in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?。由句意可知選C項。] 16．B　[考查介詞。句意為：盡管有文化上的隔閡和語言的差異，但是我們通過身勢語仍然能彼此理解。根據(jù)前后句意可知此處有“盡管……但是……”的意思，故答案B合適。regarding關(guān)于，就……而論；despite盡管；without沒有，缺乏；considering考慮到，就……而論。] 17．C　[考查介詞短語。第一句句意為：我的手機壞了，直到今天早晨我才意識到。out of date過時；out of place不合適；out of order壞了；out of reach夠不著。由句意知選C。] 18．A　[考查介詞短語。句意為：我正在等著那伙人決定我們的旅行計劃而不是我自己制定。rather than而不是；other than除了；apart from除了；far from遠非。由句意知選A。] 19．C　[考查介詞短語。句意為：正是由于不健康，她現(xiàn)在不能積極參與活動。thanks to由于，多虧，符合句意。] 20．A　[考查介詞短語。句意為：南方人以大米為生。此外，他們還吃大量的水果。in addition此外，符合句意。in agreement贊同；in conclusion總之；in condition健康，狀況良好。]