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2019年高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 考點(diǎn)歸納拓展 Module 2 The Renaissance 外研版選修8 effect n．效果；作用；影響 [經(jīng)典例句]Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mindsets that have a great effect on how we react to it.(xx全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀理解E) 她的研究已經(jīng)使她發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)明顯不同的心態(tài)，這兩種心態(tài)對(duì)我們?nèi)绾稳?yīng)對(duì)它有很大影響。 have an effect on/upon　　對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響 bring/put...into effect 實(shí)行，實(shí)施，使生效 e into effect 開(kāi)始生效，開(kāi)始實(shí)施 take effect 見(jiàn)效，生效，實(shí)施 in effect實(shí)際上；(規(guī)律、法律)有效，在實(shí)行中 ①The new tax law will not take effect until January.新稅法到1月份才生效。 ②This Regulation will ________ from September 1, xx.本章程自2014年9月1日起施行。 答案?、趀 into effect blame n．過(guò)失；責(zé)備vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于 [經(jīng)典例句]You cant blame others unless you start with yourself.(xx天津完形填空) 在責(zé)備他人之前請(qǐng)先自省。 (1)blame sb for sth　　　因某事而責(zé)備某人 blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人頭上 be to blame (for sth) (因某事)應(yīng)受指責(zé)；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任 (2)take the blame 承擔(dān)責(zé)任 lay/put the blame for sth on sb 把某事歸咎于某人 ①It is believed that more than one person may be to blame for the mine accident. 大家認(rèn)為許多人都對(duì)這次礦井事故負(fù)有責(zé)任。 ②If you fail the exam youll only put the blame on yourself.你若考試不及格，只能怪自己。 ③We were ready to ____________ what had happened.我們準(zhǔn)備對(duì)所發(fā)生的事承擔(dān)責(zé)任。 答案?、踭ake the blame for 名師點(diǎn)睛 在be to blame (for)短語(yǔ)中，不定式用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。 語(yǔ)境巧記 He was blamed for the accident，but he blamed it on others.In fact，it is he，rather than others，that is to blame for it. 他因這次事故而受責(zé)備，但他把它歸咎于別人。實(shí)際上，是他而不是別人該為此承擔(dān)責(zé)任。 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě) 1．B________，its all a question of upbringing. 2．He has had some d________experiences. 3．I spent the afternoon reading under the s________ of an umbrella. 4．This kind of material is a good s________ for leather. 5．Its a great city—the only ________(不利因素)is the weather. 6．He left the teaching ________(職業(yè))to set up his own business. 7．He ________(猛沖) out of the house and went as quickly as possible to the riverside. 8．What she said sounded convincing, but I ________(懷疑) it to be a lie. 答案　1.Basically　2.disturbing　3.shade　4.substitute 5．drawback　6.profession　7.dashed　8.suspected Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx天津六校三模)For years, scientists have been worried about the ________ of air pollution on the earths natural conditions. A．effect B．result C．a(chǎn)ccount D．cause 答案　A　[句意：許多年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直擔(dān)心空氣污染對(duì)地球的自然環(huán)境帶來(lái)的影響。effect“影響”；result“結(jié)果”；account“敘述；賬目”；cause“原因；事業(yè)”。根據(jù)句意及on可知此處為effect。] 2．(xx資陽(yáng)一診)I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child. A．is to blame B．is going to blame C．is to be blamed D．should blame 答案　A　[本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語(yǔ)。be to blame表示“(對(duì)壞事)負(fù)有責(zé)任”。blame通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。根據(jù)句子的時(shí)態(tài)可知應(yīng)用is to blame。] 3．(xx安徽合肥一中)As we all know, the present world financial crisis still has a negative________ on the development of the economy of every country. A．contribution B．effect C．effort D．stress 答案　B　[句意：正如我們所知道的，目前世界性的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)仍然對(duì)每個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有消極影響。have an effect on“對(duì)……有影響”。contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”；effort“努力”；stress“壓力”。] Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．They walked off and left me sit alone.________. 2．It is they that should be to blamed for their stupid mistakes in the work.________. 答案　1.sit―→sitting　2.blamed―→blame [核 心 短 語(yǔ)] leave behind 把……拋在后面 [經(jīng)典例句]If you ask the fast runner to set the pace, then most of them will be left behind. 如果你讓跑得最快的人來(lái)定速度，那么他們中的大多數(shù)人都將落后。 leave sb/sth alone　　不要干涉某人/某事 leave sb/sth＋n./adj./v.ing/p.p./to do/ 介詞短語(yǔ)　使/讓……保持某種狀態(tài) leave aside 擱置一邊 ①Hes in a bad mood right now. Wed better leave him alone.他現(xiàn)在情緒很糟，我們最好不要打攪他。 ②Ive told you to __________. 我已經(jīng)告訴過(guò)你不可動(dòng)我的東西。 ③Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car？且不說(shuō)費(fèi)用多少，我們真的還需要一輛二手汽車嗎？ 答案　②leave my things untouched on behalf of代表 [經(jīng)典例句]On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感謝。 on behalf of sb＝on ones be half 代表某人，為某人的利益 in behalf of sb＝in ones behalf 代表某人，為某人的利益 represent/ stand for 代表 ①We collected money in behalf of the homeless. 我們?yōu)閹椭鸁o(wú)家可歸者而募捐。 ②In the Western countries, “V” often ________ victory.在西方國(guó)家，“V”通常代表勝利。 答案?、趕tands for [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.選詞填空 depend on； on behalf of； take up； get tired of； leave behind； be thirsty for 1．Whether or not we go on a picnic ________ the weather. 2．We are ________ news about holidays. 3．He set off in a hurry，________ the key ________. 4．________ all the workers, I wele you to our factory. 5．More and more people are beginning to ________ a sport and take exercise regularly. 6．Tell me if you ________ driving and well change over. 答案　1.depends on　2.thirsty for　3.leaving；behind　4.On behalf of　5.take up　6.get tired of Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx遼寧)________ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. A．By means of B．On behalf of C．In search of D．For fear of 答案　B　[考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我代表這里所有的人祝你回國(guó)旅途愉快。A項(xiàng)“通過(guò)……方法”；B項(xiàng)“代表”；C項(xiàng)“尋找”；D項(xiàng)“唯恐，害怕”。] 2．(xx綿陽(yáng)一診)—A second，please. I have another call ing through. —________. Im not in a hurry. A．Enjoy yourself B．Leave me alone C．Do as you like D．Take your time 答案　D　[考查情景交際。句意：稍待片刻，我又有一個(gè)電話打進(jìn)來(lái)了。別慌，我并不著急。take ones time別慌，慢慢來(lái)。enjoy yourself慢慢享用；leave me alone別管我；do as you like隨你喜歡；愛(ài)怎么來(lái)就怎么來(lái)。根據(jù)句意可知選D項(xiàng)。] 3．Many foreign friends were very excited when the Chang e3 lifted off at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province on Dec. 2 ,xx，________ we Chinese people. A．leave alone B．let alone C．leave out D．leave off 答案　B　[考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：2013年12月2日，當(dāng)嫦娥三號(hào)在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心離地升空的時(shí)候，許多外國(guó)朋友都感到非常興奮，更不用說(shuō)我們中國(guó)人了。leave alone “不管；別惹；讓一個(gè)待著”，符合句意。let alone“更不用說(shuō)”；leave out“漏掉；省略；忽視”；leave off“停止；中斷”。] [核 心 句 型] Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light. 畫(huà)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何使用透視法和光線的效果。 (1)在此句中，how to use perspective and the effects of light為特殊疑問(wèn)詞加不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以變成賓語(yǔ)從句：Painters discovered how they could use perspective and the effects of light. (2)特殊疑問(wèn)詞加不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。除了how以外，what，where，who，whom，whether等也可用于類似的句型。 ①How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn.(作主語(yǔ)) 我正在努力學(xué)習(xí)如何用英語(yǔ)提建議。 ②I really dont know ________.(作賓語(yǔ)) 我實(shí)在不知道該寫(xiě)些什么。 ③The question is where to put it.(作表語(yǔ)) 問(wèn)題是該把它放在哪兒才好。 答案?、趙hat to write about [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．We must decide whether well stay or go. →We must decide ____________. 2．Not only he but also you always care for others. →He always cares for others, and ________ you. 答案　1.whether to stay or go　2.so do Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx浙江溫州八校聯(lián)考1)The Frenchman pointed to the spoon and asked me ________ to call that in Chinese. A．whether B．how C．which D．what 答案　D　[考查疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。句意：那位法國(guó)人指著羹匙問(wèn)我在中文中這叫什么。此處what to call that in Chinese作asked的賓語(yǔ)。] 2．(xx海南省嘉積中學(xué)高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))________ without friends ________ the most difficult challenge for Chuck while living on the island. A．How to survive; is B．How does he survive; are C．How does he survive; is D．How to survive; are 答案　A　[考查主謂一致。句子作主語(yǔ)時(shí)需要陳述句語(yǔ)序，故先排除B和C項(xiàng)。當(dāng)疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選A項(xiàng)。] [單 元 語(yǔ) 法] 復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 1．(xx濟(jì)南高三檢測(cè))The old couple, ________ in the small village for years, can tell the names of all the villagers. A．living B．lived C．having lived D．to have lived 答案　C　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，主語(yǔ)The old couple和live之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且句中有表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for years，因此用live的現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。] 2．(xx廣元二診)In my opinion, keeping dogs well ________ up is advisablefor dog owners. A．to tie B．being tied C．tied D．to be tied 答案　C　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：依我看，把狗拴好對(duì)狗主人來(lái)說(shuō)是明智之舉。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句子中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，且tie和dogs之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用tie的過(guò)去分詞形式，表示狀態(tài)。故選C。] 3．(xx山東濰坊高三聯(lián)合考試)A special dance ________ horse dance bees so hot that many famous people cant help copying that. A．to be called B．called C．calling D．being called 答案　B　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 句意：一種被叫做騎馬舞的特殊舞蹈變得如此流行，以至于許多名人都情不自禁地去模仿它。call與A special dance之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用call的過(guò)去分詞形式，另外，“________ horse dance”可以轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句“which/that is called horse dance”。] 4．(xx廣安一診)________ in a famous university is what most students wish for. A．To educate B．Educated C．Being educated D．Educating 答案　C　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是下文中的“most students”，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式，故排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；由句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，空格部分在句子中作主語(yǔ)，故只能選C。]