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徐州工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書
徐州工程 學(xué)院 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目 麥田免耕施肥播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué) 生 姓 名 劉 健
班 級(jí) 04機(jī)本（2）班
起 止 日 期 2008.2.25—2008.6.2
指 導(dǎo) 教 師 胡志強(qiáng)
教研室主任
發(fā)任務(wù)書日期 2008 年 2 月 25 日
1.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的背景：
“保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展”現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為我們國(guó)家在謀求經(jīng)濟(jì)快
速發(fā)展過程中所要遵循的基本方針。面對(duì)土地沙漠化面積的迅速擴(kuò)大和沙
塵暴的肆虐一年更盛一年，國(guó)家除了實(shí)施大規(guī)模的防沙工程和全面退耕還
草的重大舉措之外，在農(nóng)業(yè)方面則一直在積極倡導(dǎo)和推廣應(yīng)用保護(hù)性耕作
技術(shù)。
2.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的內(nèi)容和要求：
一．動(dòng)力性能計(jì)算
180型拖拉機(jī)配套適應(yīng)性計(jì)算。
液壓提升能力計(jì)算，機(jī)組操向穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算，坡道極限翻角計(jì)算
二．主要工作部件的計(jì)算
開溝器的計(jì)算
播種器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)
要求
播種機(jī)裝配圖 A0 一張
鏈輪零件圖 A4 四張
播種機(jī)的開溝器部件圖 A0一張
播種器部件圖 A1 一張
軸的零件圖 A4 二張
3.主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
《畫法幾何及機(jī)械制圖》
《機(jī)械制造基礎(chǔ)課程設(shè)計(jì)》
《材料力學(xué)》
《機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)》
《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》
4.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃(以周為單位)：
起 止 日 期
工 作 內(nèi) 容
備 注
第一、 二周
搜集播種機(jī)各類資料，確定設(shè)計(jì)所需資料的范圍，大致了解本設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容。
第三、四周
查閱資料，確定本設(shè)計(jì)的最佳方案。
第五、六周
對(duì)播種進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，確定其基本參數(shù)，根據(jù)播種機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)確定大概機(jī)構(gòu)的尺寸。
第七、八周
運(yùn)用CAD繪制出本設(shè)計(jì)的零件圖。
第九、十周
運(yùn)用CAD繪制裝配圖
第十一、十二周
撰寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書
第十三、十四周
審核設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)修改。
第十五、十六周
再次翻閱本設(shè)計(jì)所用到的所有全部資料，準(zhǔn)備答辯
教研室審查意見：
室主任
年 月 日
學(xué)院審查意見：
教學(xué)院長(zhǎng)
年 月 日
徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
基本設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)：
配套拖拉機(jī) 豐收—180型輪式拖拉機(jī) （13.2KW/18PS）
動(dòng)力圓盤直徑×回轉(zhuǎn)速度 (mm×r/min) 400×234
行距×行數(shù) （cm×行） 20×6
播種深度 （cm） 3～5
施肥深度 (cm) 與小麥同位分層，較種種深5～6
作業(yè)速度 (km×h) 3～6
機(jī)具重量 （kg） 〈320
1
徐州工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
課 題 名 稱： 麥田免耕施肥播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué) 生 姓 名： 劉健 學(xué)號(hào)： 20040601246
指 導(dǎo) 教 師： 胡志強(qiáng) 職稱： 講師
所 在 學(xué) 院： 徐州工程學(xué)院
專 業(yè) 名 稱： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化
徐州工程學(xué)院
2008 年 3月 4日
說 明
1．根據(jù)《徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)管理規(guī)定》，學(xué)生必須撰寫《畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告》，由指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見、教研室審查，學(xué)院教學(xué)院長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)后實(shí)施。
2．開題報(bào)告是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作前期內(nèi)完成，開題報(bào)告不合格者不得參加答辯。
3．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是，逐條認(rèn)真填寫。其中的文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語言通順，外來語要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫詞，須注出全稱。
4．本報(bào)告中，由學(xué)生本人撰寫的對(duì)課題和研究工作的分析及描述，沒有經(jīng)過整理歸納，缺乏個(gè)人見解僅僅從網(wǎng)上下載材料拼湊而成的開題報(bào)告按不合格論。
5. 課題類型填：工程設(shè)計(jì)類；理論研究類；應(yīng)用（實(shí)驗(yàn)）研究類；軟件設(shè)計(jì)類；其它。
6、課題來源填：教師科研；社會(huì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐；教學(xué)；其它
課題
名稱
麥田免耕施肥播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
課題來源
模擬生產(chǎn)實(shí)際課題
課題類型
工程應(yīng)用
選題的背景及意義
“保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展”現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為我們國(guó)家在謀求經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展過程中所要遵循的基本方針。面對(duì)土地沙漠化面積的迅速擴(kuò)大和沙塵暴的肆虐一年更盛一年，國(guó)家除了實(shí)施大規(guī)模的防沙治沙工程和全面退耕還草的重大舉措之外，在農(nóng)業(yè)方面則一直在積極倡導(dǎo)和推廣應(yīng)用保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)。
李立科研究員作為我國(guó)著名的旱地農(nóng)業(yè)專家，在長(zhǎng)期的科研實(shí)踐中，結(jié)合我省
渭北塬區(qū)具體的種植制度，提出了“高留茬，秸桿覆蓋，少免耕種植”這一被譽(yù)為“可緩解旱災(zāi)危害和防治沙塵暴發(fā)生”的治本之策，引起了國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的高度重視，為此我們的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)是設(shè)計(jì)與之相適應(yīng)的小麥免耕地施肥播種機(jī)，設(shè)計(jì)出為上述種植模式相配套服務(wù)的一種保護(hù)性種植機(jī)具。
研究?jī)?nèi)容擬解決的主要問題
一、 動(dòng)力性能計(jì)算
1.1 豐收180型拖拉機(jī)的配套適應(yīng)性計(jì)算
1.2 拖拉機(jī)液壓提升能力計(jì)算
1.3 機(jī)組操向穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算
1.4 坡道極限傾翻角
二、 主要工作部件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
2.1 切割圓盤刀輥
2.2 開溝器的設(shè)計(jì)
2.3 側(cè)傳動(dòng)箱的設(shè)計(jì)
2.4 播種施肥傳動(dòng)部分的設(shè)計(jì)
研究方法技術(shù)路線
首先通過查找播種機(jī)的相關(guān)資料對(duì)播種機(jī)的種類和播種機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)做了解。后來網(wǎng)上查找什么樣的間距最適合種子的生長(zhǎng)8~10cm，通過種子的最佳生長(zhǎng)距離大概固定出播種的播種器軸的設(shè)計(jì)，在后來就播種器的類型，最后確定一次作業(yè)選擇完成6行播種。下一步根據(jù)開始的估計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)做校核計(jì)算。最后完善細(xì)節(jié)的問題 。
研究的總體安排和進(jìn)度計(jì)劃
1.調(diào)研,針對(duì)課題,到相關(guān)企業(yè)了解工程機(jī)械的特點(diǎn).
2.查閱資料,了解隔振器的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和基本工作原理
3.設(shè)計(jì)方案選擇
4.設(shè)計(jì)方案的選擇,確定實(shí)現(xiàn)功能的基本方案.逐步完善
5.實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)功能的具體設(shè)計(jì)
6.圓錐齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算鍵的選擇和校核
7.鏈傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算
8.軸的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算
9.刀盤和刀片的設(shè)計(jì)
10.繪制系統(tǒng)整體結(jié)構(gòu)裝配圖
11.撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書
12.準(zhǔn)備答辯
13.答辯
主要參考
文獻(xiàn)
[1]范思沖主編，畫法幾何及機(jī)械制圖，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 2003.8
[2]機(jī)械制造基礎(chǔ)課程設(shè)計(jì)，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2003.8
[3]沈敏德主編，機(jī)械制圖與AutoCAD2000習(xí)題集，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2001 .8
[4]機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)編委會(huì)，機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)單行本，滾動(dòng)軸承，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2007.3
[5]劉鴻文主編，材料力學(xué)，高等教育出版社，2005.4
[6]周宏莆主編，機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，高等教育出版社， 2006.12
[7]單麗云 強(qiáng)穎懷 張亞非 編，工程材料，中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社， 2000.8
[8]邱宣懷主編，機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)第四版，高等教育出版社， 1997
[9]孫桓 陳作模 主編，機(jī)械原理，高等教育出版社， 2000
[10]機(jī)械工程手冊(cè)編輯委員會(huì)，機(jī)械工程手冊(cè)（拖拉機(jī)），機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 1978
[11]北京軸承研究所，簡(jiǎn)明滾動(dòng)軸承手冊(cè)，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械出版社， 1982
[12]吳宗澤，機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)，高等教育出版社， 1999
指導(dǎo)教師
意 見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室意見
學(xué)院意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
教學(xué)院長(zhǎng)簽名：
年 月 日
徐 州 工 程 學(xué) 院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) (論 文 ) I 摘要 “保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展”現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為我們國(guó)家在謀求經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展過 程中所要遵循的基本方針。面對(duì)土地沙漠化面積的迅速擴(kuò)大和沙塵暴的肆虐一年更盛一 年，國(guó)家除了實(shí)施大規(guī)模的防沙治沙工程和全面退耕還草的重大舉措之外，在農(nóng)業(yè)方面 則一直在積極倡導(dǎo)和推廣應(yīng)用保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)。 小麥免耕播種機(jī)采用的是“動(dòng)力圓盤斷草、與動(dòng)力圓盤貼合的夾持式開溝器同位分 層播種” 在已覆有秸桿的地中能一次性完成行方向秸桿切斷、同位分層播種和中后鎮(zhèn)壓 等多項(xiàng)作業(yè)的保護(hù)性耕作機(jī)具。 本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種新型免耕播種機(jī)，采用無動(dòng)力雙圓盤式開溝器，機(jī)具結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，使 用方便，具有碎土作用強(qiáng)，不纏草以及具有播種深度精度高，播種均勻，一次作業(yè)能完 成 6 行播種，利于種子的生長(zhǎng)，滿足在免耕播種后，對(duì)麥田行向雜草予于鋤除。 關(guān)鍵詞：保護(hù)性耕作機(jī)具；開溝器；免耕播種機(jī) 徐 州 工 程 學(xué) 院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) (論 文 ) II Abstract “Ecological environment protection and sustainable development” become the basic policy of our country which now in the economy fast developing process must be followed. Facing the land desertification area's rapid expansion and the sand storm, the country not only implement the large-scale against sand to control the sands the project but also take back from agriculture grass's major step comprehensively, positively has been initiating and promotes the application protection culivation technique in the agricultural aspect. The wheat exempts plows the seeder to use is “the power disc breaks the grass and with power disc fitting clamp type furrow opener isotopic lamination sowing seeds” after duplicate had in the straw place can disposable form a line the direction straw cut-off, isotopic lamination sowing seeds and the suppression and so on many work protection tillage implements. I designed a new exempts in the wheat field work. Using the no power double circular disc type furrow opener, the structure is simple and easy to be operated, which broke earth strongly and does not entangle the grass, as well as has the sowing depth precision to be high, sowing seeds is even, The catcher no-tillage planter can complete 6 sowing seeds, the seed can grows better. Keywords: Protection tillage machine; Furrow opener; Exempts plows the seeder 徐 州 工 程 學(xué) 院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) (論 文 ) 3 目 錄 1 緒論 .1 1.1 引言 .1 1.2 背景及原理介紹 .1 1.3 論文的主要工作和意義 .2 1.4 總體方案的確定 .3 2 動(dòng)力性能的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 .4 2.1 豐收 180 型拖拉機(jī)的配套適應(yīng)性計(jì)算 .4 2.2 拖拉機(jī)液壓提升能力計(jì)算 .6 2.3 機(jī)組操向穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算 .7 2.4 坡道極限傾翻角計(jì)算 .8 3 主要部件的設(shè)計(jì) .9 3.1 軸的設(shè)計(jì) .9 3.1.1 傳動(dòng)軸的設(shè)計(jì) 9 3.1.2 軸的計(jì)算與校核 .10 3.1.3 鍵的選擇與校核 .16 3.2 鏈輪的設(shè)計(jì) 18 3.2.1 鏈輪的計(jì)算 .18 3.2.2 鏈輪的材料 .25 3.3 鏈的選擇 .25 3.4 開溝器的設(shè)計(jì) 25 3.5 側(cè)傳動(dòng)箱的設(shè)計(jì) 26 3.5.1 鏈輪材料的選擇 .28 3.6 播種部分的傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 28 3.6.1 傳動(dòng)方式的選擇 .28 3.6.2 鏈傳動(dòng)比 .29 3.7 播種施肥器總成 29 4 總結(jié) 30 致 謝 31 參考 文獻(xiàn) .32 附錄 .33 附錄 1 33 附錄 2 40 徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
附錄
附錄1
Chapter III of planting machinery Section I outlined
Plants machine mainly composed by to sow seeds and transplants two broad heading machineries The former including each type surface planter, seed drill and selection and broadcast (bunch planting) machine; The latter is mainly refers to the arid land to transplant the machinery.
According to use, may divide into the seeder the general seeder and the special-purpose seeder. The general seeder's adaptation scope is broad, it can be broadcasted many kinds of crops seeds; The special-purpose seeder is designed by some crops the special request, it can only meet one crops sowing seeds need.
With the development of science's and technology's and the cultivation method's unceasing change, which designs with the new principle of work, like the fine quantity seeder and is suitable in the reduced cultivation union seeder (one time completes loose earth, sowing seeds, to apply fertilizer and spraying) widely has also used in producing.
一, sowing seeds
The commonly used sowing seeds method may divide into four broad headings such as the broadcast sowing, the drilling, the bunch planting and sows seeds precisely
1. Broadcast sowing scatters the seed in the ground, uses the sowing seeds method which other tools fill to be called the broadcast sowing again. The broadcast sowing seed distributes non-uniform, fills in the depth not to be inconsistent, the sowing seeds quality is bad. This method uses in sowing seeds artificially originally, after using machinery sowing seeds, although has presented some surface planters, but already very little used now. In recent years, the broadcast sowing law uses in aviation sowing seeds. Because the air seeding speed quick, sows evenly, may sow in good time and improve the sowing seeds quality, therefore with the airplane big product broadcast sowing certain crops like paddy rice, the forage grass and so on has become one of current sowing seeds technology development directions.
2. The drilling
Sowing the seed in rows to be buried the method to be called the drilling. When drilling fills in the depth to be consistent, emerges neatly even, the sowing seeds quality is good. The drilling law application is very broad, may use in broadcasting many kinds of crops, the corresponding seeder is called the seed drill.
3. Bunch planting (also said that selection and broadcast)
Put seeds concentrate in a hole is called the bunch planting. The bunch planting law is suitable for to sow seeds the tilled crop, may guarantee that the row spacing and the distance between hills are accurate, compare to the drilling law to save the seed and to reduce the thinning work load. Broadcasts when the cotton may also enhance the cotton seed to emerge ability. Control of the breeding holed position, causes to plant the holed longitudinal with crosswise to be able to form a line, is called the square planting. The square planting may longitudinal and the crosswise intertillage, enhances mechanized degree which the intertillage removes weeds. The square planting law was once quick in the overseas development, but along with chemistry herbicide's development, already tends the elimination at present.
4. Precise sowing
The characteristic of precise sowing seeds is the sowing seeds quantity is precise, the distance between plants precise and broadcasts deeply precise. The grain drilling and tilled crop sowing seeds may use the precise sowing seeds law.
The characteristic of precise drilling's is the distance between plants is precise, compares with the ordinary drilling, distributed the seeds very even, thus is good at the crops growth, can raise the output.
The tilled crop precise sowing seeds characteristic is each hole only broadcasts a seed, with guaranteed that each Chinese acre number guarantees the output. Its merit is may save the seed and save the thinning working procedure, thus may the labor saving. But must guarantee that under the seed-germination percentage and the sowing seeds condition emerges ability, and prevents sickness Chinese caterpillar fungus evil, guarantees the full stand. Is low to certain germination percentages, the field emergence ability bad seed (for example beet and so on), uses when precise sowing seeds may reduce the distance between plants to increase broadcasts the quantity, uses again mechanical or auxiliary guarantees each Chinese acre number by the artificial thinning.
5. Membrane sowing seeds
Sowing seeds in plants the bed surface to spread out the plastic film, after the seed emerges, seedling long outside membrane one sowing seeds way. This way may broadcasts the seed first, afterward spreads the membrane, after treating the seedling unearthed, puts the seedling again by the artificial broken membrane; May also spreads out the membrane first, drills immediately on the membrane sows seeds.
Membrane sowing seeds has the following merit:
(1) Enhances and maintains a ground temperature. As a result of sunlight permeable thin film for soil quantity of heat, but the thin film may separate the air transport and the soil by the long wave form the quantity of heat which disappears to the air radiation, when is advantageous is somewhat low in the ground temperature the seed germinates with the seedling growth.
(2) Reduces the soil moisture evaporation. The thin film was cut off in the soil evaporation water vapor inflow atmosphere to disappear, therefore the water vapor gathered under the mulching plastic in the small and narrow space, caused the air humidity to be very high, reduced the moisture evaporation; Congealment water vapor, but may also return to the soil, thus enables the topsoil soil to have high and the stable moisture content.
(3) Improves the adult plant illumination condition. The thin film itself and under the membrane slight droplet has certain reflective power to the light, improved the adult plant lower level leaf blade's illumination condition, is advantageous in enhances the crops the photosynthesis.
(4) Improves the soil physics character and the fertility. Because the moisture content gaseous state and the liquid state cyclic change makes under the membrane the soil to contract unceasingly and to inflate, the irrigation water or the rain water through the crosswise osmosis infiltration membrane under the soil, cause it quite loose not to harden. Moreover the temperature is high, retention ability, is advantageous in the edaphon activity, can speed up the organic matter to decompose, strengthen the soil fertility.
(5) Can suppress the weed growth. Around crops seedling is the thin film cover seal, the weed is unable to grow.
The mulching plastic cultivation has many merits, but the cost is high, the consumption labor force to be many, the specification is also high. After crops harvest, the remnant membrane recycling question has not solved completely. Therefore mainly uses at present in the peanut, the cotton, the vegetables and so on the economic value high plant culture.
6. Exempted plows sowing
Since the mid-20th century US exempts plows the planter technology to obtain is successful, the world to exempts plows the technology to give the enormous value. Many countries are positived to experiment and promotion. Exempts plows technical the basic content is after the stubble crops harvest, the land does not carry on plows, lets the original manuscript stalk, the remnant stubble or the covers the ground; When treats stubble crops sowing seeds, exempts with the hand tailor plows the seeder to carry on partial loose earth sowing seeds directly in the stub land; And after sowing seeds or sowing seeds sprays the weed killer and the agricultural chemicals. According to climatic environment and land situation difference, some areas in execution zero tillage process, also uses the disc harrow either the loose earth weed before the harvest or sowing seeds carries on the surface soil cultivation to replace plows; Some places, every other 2-3 years also use the plow share type plow or chisel type plow deep plowing one time. Therefore exempts plows the technology to have the different name in the different area, like zero tillage, reduced cultivation, cover cultivation law, direct seeding law and so on. This method and the conventional cultivation law compares, may reduce the machines and tools investment expenses and the soil cultivation number of times, thus may reduce the production cost, the reduced energy consumption, to reduce to the soil compaction and the destruction, and may reduce the wind erosion, the water erosion and the soil moisture evaporation and the outflow. But uses the zero tillage to have the condition, must coordinate closely with the plant culture technology. Because does not carry on the soil plough, the harmful insect weed are many. Therefore is big to the herbicide and the pesticide required quantity, the quality requirement is also high. , because this has the possibility to counter-balance the cost which little plows saves. Exempts plows sowing seeds to hold the important position in the zero tillage.
present, certain crops (for example soybean) uses the method which the precise selection and broadcast and the narrow good close planting do evenly, the exemption intertillage work, may the great scope enhance the crops the output and reduces the cost of operation, is one new planter method.
Second, the planting of agricultural technical requirements
(A) Of planting agricultural technical requirements
Sowing the agricultural technical requirements, including broadcast of, spaced, distance between plants (or from the point), the uniformity of sowing, planting depth, soil depth and extent of pressure. The planting of various crops require different, with a crop from region to region, the different farming systems will be very different. Table 3-1 to China's north, northwest, northeast and northern Jiangsu, Henan and other places of several major agricultural crop sowing the technical requirements. Seeding should be according to the local agricultural technical requirements.
(B) The requirements of the planter
Drilling on the requirements for the machine: the planting of agricultural technical requirements, spacing consistent, uniform sowing seed sowing in the wet soil, and covered with Wet soil, sowing deep consistent and in line with requirements of small seed injury.
Hole of the requirements for the machine: Each hole seed grains agreement (Each hole seed grains to n ± 1粒qualified, n Each hole average for grains such as corn requirements Hole 3 ± 1 tablets of not less than 85 points a few %), But in hole seeds of scattered, and in accordance with the same deep-sowing, seeds injury rate is low.
Precision Drill also called for a Each hole , Distance between plants Precision (Distance between plants to t ± 0.5t qualified, t for the average Distance between plants ).
Planter on the quality of performance indicators no one, Here are some specific data for reference;
1. China's grain seeder series of joint design of the provisions of tank rounds metering device indoor metering test the quality indicators for:
(1) The total emission stability of the average deviation c <2%; limit deviations ⊿ <4%
(2) The head office of consistency seed average deviation C <4%; limit deviations ⊿ <10%
(3)Of the small seed crushing seeds <0.5%; large seeds <1% C and an average deviation limits of deviation formula for ⊿ - Determination of the number of n - X-per-emission, X-average emissions.
Third, the seeds of the mechanical properties
Crop seeds and the nature of the mechanical planter is closely related to the design and use. And the seed planter features are: geometric seed size, seed density, seed grain weight, the seeds of friction between the features, such as seed flow characteristics. In the design of air-metering device when needed to understand the aerodynamics of the seed.
General seed of the geometric shapes can be used length, width and thickness of three sizes marked, with a length of maximum size, thickness of minimum size.
一, the type of planter
By planting methods can be divided into sow machines, Drilling Machine, Hole and a precision seeder. Hole can be further divided into ordinary machine, precision Drilling Machine, tilled precision seeder, and other crops. The planting of different crops can be divided into grain planter, corn planter, cotton planter, grass seeder and vegetables planter, and so on. In fact, many have a better GM seeder, a variety of crops could be planted, some ordinary Hole Drilling machine can also be used for cereal or precision seeding. Therefore, the planter can be divided into Drilling machines and tilled cereal crop seeder two categories. Domestic cereal Drilling machines, with most of fertilization devices, also known as fertilization planter or joint planter. Some Tilled crop planter installed in the working parts, can be used to Tilled , topdressing, the ridge, and other operations, also known as the planting of GM or GM Tilled rack planter. In addition, the driving force can be divided into human, animal and machine of the planter, of the planter can be divided into machine-Reply, suspension and semi-hanging three.
Second, the crop-seeder for the structure and work process
Ping used for the planting methods used by the planter collectively referred to as a crop-seeder, mainly divided into wheat and soybean Drilling Machine-made sophisticated jukebox.
(A) Drilling of wheat during the work and the general structure
The completion of ditching the main planter, planting, fertilizing, soil and repression, and so on. Figure 3-2 for the fertilization process diagram of the planter. Drill work, ditching the ground for a kind of groove, seeds were inside the seeds from the metering device. Through the loser of the fall of Canal. In addition, fertilizer box of fertilizer, manure from the Pai-loser into a separate species or the row of fertilizer, and seed together or separately fall of Canal, reuse soil with soil, repression and suppression for completion of planting.
Now 2 BSW-4.2C fertilization of wheat sowing of GM as an example to illustrate Drilling of the general structure. Drilling for the construction of two most general (3-3): working parts and ancillary components, including the work of the main components of slot wheeled seed, fertilizer row of slot wheel, corrugated-losers and losers of the Fat pipe, double-disc ditching and casing-linked ring. It is mainly applied to Drilling wheat crop, after adjustment, may also Drilling millet, flax and rapeseed crops such as the small. At the same time can be sown in the application of urea, ammonium sulfate, nitrate and the SSP, such as powdered or granular fertilizer. Planter ancillary components include rack, walking devices, transmission and ditching deep-conditioning devices.
Rack by the U-shaped steel through the folder from the closure of a fixed rectangular frame structure, has sufficient rigidity to prevent deformation. Rack in front by three points hoisted bodies connected with the tractor.
When walking round support for sowing planter and transmission parts work, the domestic use of rubber tire planter most of the past instead of steel wheels, to reduce the work into the rolling resistance.
Transmission device used chain drive (3-4), by walking through two rounds of chain drive shaft drive row of fat, then passed to a metering sprocket shaft, and by adjusting the metering row of fat shaft axis and the effective To regulate the length of the work of planting and sowing of fat, the greater the scope of regulation bodies adjust and adjust and reliable than in the past by changing the speed to regulate the planting and sowing quantity of fertilizer has been enhanced.
Because of the extensive high-powered tractors, planter commonly used suspension and power machinery to access, omitted the landing gear and power from agencies to simplify the structure of the planter.
(B) Of soybean-seeder for the work process and the general structure
With the improvement of crop cultivation techniques, especially for soybean-ping, close planting the extensive application of technology so that the corresponding supporting sowing machinery also have been greatly improved, 2 BD series of multi-functional precision seeder and the cultivation technology is a combination of planting fertilization institutions.
Sowing the structure of the machinery shown in Figure 3-5, the main components include rack, seed boxes, seed, fertilizer sliding knife-ditching, ditching two-disc seed, double disc chain Soil and transmission. Work to fly with the power machinery in the form of connection, the first by sliding a knife-ditching for a fat groove, through the trough row fertilizer Implementation of the base fertilizer and manure application to eat and slip knife-ditching work for Waterloo Performance-cut, the resistance of small, small trailers pushed phenomenon. When planting from two-disc ditching out of uniform depth ditch by the Waterloo eye-metering device to achieve precision planting, the final completion of soil-casing work.
As the ridge without sowing machinery, and a dual disc ditching and casing, making the total working hours decreased resistance, reduced fuel consumption and operating costs, but also simplify the structure of the planting machinery, increased use of reliable mechanical seeding Sexual.
At the same time sowing the mechanical assembly on the ridge planting devices and change the spacing of fertilizer, maize to be completed on the ridge precision planting, improve the general machinery and reduce the cost of the mechanical inputs.
Table 3-3 2BD-4-type precision seeder the main technical specifications
3. Tilled crop seeder process and the general structure
Chinese current production of the crop seeder Tilled most common intertillage seeder sowing machine. It's a wide-spaced, soil compaction and the requirements on the ground will require a higher imitation. At the same time, in order to increase the planting machinery GM, Wheat Ridge planter and a GM crop planter rack (3-6), in accordance with the planting of different crops to replace the work of different components. To high-powered tractor (160 hp or more) supporting sowing machinery, there are also many lines operating in 10, 12 or even 16 lines, and other large dedicated Ridge crop seeder has been widely used for the main planting crops of corn and soybeans. As shown in Figure 3-7. The aircraft are the main components of Waterloo eye-seed, fertilizer row of slot wheel, sliding knife-ditching, and the scraper-type casing for the suppression round. Ancillary components for the rack, single-seed boxes, gear, walking devices, transmission and hydraulic control system.
Work, every line from a single seed boxes, metering and ditching for the formation of a single group planting, sowing single group by profiling four parallel institutions connected with the main beam, seed and ditching me for a fixed link , Thus ditching large-entering soil, entering soil and strong, copying good performance. Metering device for dual or four ranked Waterloo round eyes, planting a low position, sowing of uniform, sowing accurate, were not injured and can adapt to the higher operating speed, high operating efficiency. At the same time sowing single group can be installed in accordance with the need to change the location to adjust the spacing. Walking round installed in the main beam in the work place, used to support the body weight, limit the location of the main beam and through the transmission mechanism to drive the various components, commonly used crop seeder Tilled the main technical specifications in Table 3-4 .
4, sow – Machinery dealers
In some cases (such as ranch in grass seed broadcast on the large area, not in the rice harvest, green manure in