3738 冶金鑄造雙梁橋式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)

3738 冶金鑄造雙梁橋式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),冶金,鑄造,鍛造,橋式起重機(jī),結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) - 1 -Portal powerChina’s rapid economic growth in the past decade has resulted in a big increase in freight traffic through the country’s seaports . Old ports are being expanded and new ports built to handle the large growth in container and bulk cargo traffic all along the Chinese coastline.China’s port expansion programme has provided a strong boost to the domestic port equipment industry, which has enjoyed a strong increase in demand for port cranes of various types, including container cranes and portal cranes along with bulk cargo handling equipment.State-run China Harbour Engineering (group) Corporation Ltd, established under the ruling State Council, is China’s largest supplier of port cranes and bulk cargo handling equipment. The organization controls both Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Co Ltd (ZPMC),the world’s largest manufacturer of quayside container cranes, and Shanghai Port Machinery Plant (SPMP), which specializes in the manufacturer of portal cranes and other cranes used in ports along with dry bulk cargo handling equipment.SPMP’s main market is China, although the company is looking to expand its overseas sales. Although less well known than its associate ZPMC, SPMP also operates large manufacturing facilities, and is due to move part of its production shortly to Changxing Island near Shanghai where - 2 -ZPMC already operates a large container crane fabrication plant.Portal and other harbour cranes are SPMP’s major production item. During the past two years, the corporation has won contracts for 145 portal cranes from port authorities throughout China, both from new ports under construction and ports undergoing expansion.In recent years, SPMP has also supplied portal cranes to the United States, Iraq,and Myanmar.The port Rangoon of Myanmar in has purchased a 47m,40t portal crane while BIW of the United States has purchased three cranes-15t,150t, and 300t portal cranes. Elsewhere, SPMP has supplied 12 portal cranes to several ports in Iraq since the end of the Saddam regime. In China, SPMP’s recent major orders for portal cranes include eight 40t, 45m radius cranes for Tianjin Overseas Mineral Terminal, while Yan Tai Port Bureau in Guangdong in southern China has purchased six 40t, 45m radius cranes. Other large orders include seven 10t, 25m radius cranes for Zhenjiang Port Group and an order of 1025t, 33m radius cranes from Fangcheng Port Bureau, while the Yingkou Port Group has ordered 1325t,35m radius cranes along with two 40t, 44m radius port cranes.MANY CRANES BUILT TO ORDERSPMP also supplies other cranes used in ports and harbours, - 3 -many of which are built to order for clients. Quayside container cranes have been supplied to a number of foreign clients including Bangkok Port in Thailand, Kaohsiung Port in Taiwan, and Port of Vancouver in Canada. In China, SPMP has supplied quayside container cranes to Shanghai Port, Tianjin Port, Yin Kou Port, Yan Tai Port and others. The company also supplies rubber-tyred container gantry cranes to domestic and overseas clients.Customers for other cranes used in ports include Guangzhou Port in Guangdong, which purchased a 25t floating crane while Zhonggang Port has bought two double trolley 125/63t gantry cranes, along with a700t overhead crane, In 2003 Zhonggang Port awarded a contract to SPMP for a 2,600t floating crane, whichi is the largest crane the company has made in recent years.Other customers include Zhongyuan Nanytong Shipyard of Jiangsu Province has purchased two 300t goliath cranes for use in its shipyard, while Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipyard uses two of SPMP’s 600t goliath cranes for its shipbuilding operations. SPMP has two factories. The Shanghai plant employs 2,000 workers while a factory in Jiangsu Province employs 1,500 workers. The combined total of 3,500 workers includes 800 technical and management staff involved in designing, developing, and building portal and other cranes along with dry bulk cargo loading and unloading equipment.- 4 -Currently, SPMP is preparing to vacate its Shanghai factory site as the company’s existing plot of land is part of a riverside area earmarked by the Shanghai Expo in 2010. SPMP’s Shanghai factory will close at the end of 2006, and move to a new site on nearby Changxing Island.“The new factory will be much bigger than the present plant,” Li said. “Phase 1 will be ready for us when we move at the end of 2006.”In addition to moving the Shanghai factory to a new site, SPMP expects future business operation with ZPMC.Officials at China Harbour Engineering (Group) Corporation are understood to have told SPMP of plants for SPMP and ZPMC to co-operate more in bidding for projects in future. Both companies are expected to retain their individual manufacturing capability, however, with precise details of future co-operation still some way from being finalised.Meanwhile, SPMP associate company ZPMC is strengthening its position as the world’s largest manufacturer of ship-to-shore container cranes, supplying slightly more than half the annual international container crane market. In addition to operating four crane production complexes for its crane manufacturing and other businesses.ZPMC’s full range of products includes quayside container cranes, rubber-tyred gantry cranes, bulk material ship loaders and unloaders, bucket-wheel stackers and reclaimers, portal - 5 -cranes, floating cranes, and engineering vessels. The company has also diversified into manufacturing other large steel structures including large steel bridges.ZPMC EXPANDING PRODUCTIONZPMC’s cranes and other products are in use at over 150 shipping terminals in 37 countries and regions worldwide. By the end of December 2005, ZPMC had supplied 705 quayside container cranes, and had orders in hand to deliver another 128 quayside container cranes in 2006. In addition, at the end of 2005 ZPMC had delivered 1,148 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to customers worldwide and had orders in hand to deliver 308 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to customers in 2006.ZPMC is expanding production facilities in expectation that the volume of orders will grow in future. The company owns four crane production complexes in Shanghai and the surrounding area at Jiangyin, Changzhou, Zhangjiang and Changxing Island.The Changxing production site, which was completed in 2001, covers one million sq m, and has a 3.5km coastline. The facility is capable of manufacturing 160 quayside ship-to-shore container cranes each year along with 300 rubber-tyred gantry cranes and 200,000 metric tons of large steel bridge structures.Plans call for a futher 3 million sq m of land to be reclaimed at Changxing, which ZPMC will develop to become its - 6 -largest production centre.港口起重機(jī)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在過(guò)去的高速增長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)大幅增加了本國(guó)港口貨流量，以至于不斷擴(kuò)大老港口以及不斷修建新的港口以應(yīng)對(duì)快速增長(zhǎng)的集裝箱業(yè)務(wù)以及大宗貨物的流通。中國(guó)的港口擴(kuò)展進(jìn)程對(duì)本國(guó)港口裝備行業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的刺激，這一進(jìn)程強(qiáng)烈需要大量的各種各樣的港口起重機(jī)的迅猛增加，包括集裝箱起重機(jī)、橋門(mén)式起重機(jī)以及其他能夠處理散料貨物的裝卸設(shè)備。由國(guó)資委掌控的中國(guó)港口工程集團(tuán)有限公司是中國(guó)最大的港口起重機(jī)和散料裝卸設(shè)備的供應(yīng)商。該集團(tuán)包括世界最大的港口集裝箱起重機(jī)生廠(chǎng)商振華港口機(jī)械有限公司（ZPMC）和精于生產(chǎn)用于港口的橋門(mén)式起重機(jī)以及干散貨物的裝卸設(shè)備的上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)（SPMP） 。上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)主要市場(chǎng)是中國(guó)本地，雖然它在尋求擴(kuò)大海外銷(xiāo)售。盡管它沒(méi)有同行振華港口機(jī)械有限公司出名，上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)擁有很多的大型生產(chǎn)設(shè)施，它計(jì)劃不久將一部分生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移到上海附近的長(zhǎng)興島。振華港口機(jī)械有限公司已經(jīng)在那里建立了一個(gè)大型集裝箱起重機(jī)組裝廠(chǎng)。- 7 -上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)主要的生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目是橋門(mén)式起重機(jī)和其它用途的港口起重機(jī)。在過(guò)去的兩年里，該公司已經(jīng)獲得了來(lái)自全國(guó)港務(wù)局的的 145份橋門(mén)式起重機(jī)的合同，這其中包括正在建設(shè)的新港口和正在擴(kuò)張的港口。最近幾年，上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)已經(jīng)向美國(guó)，伊拉克以及緬甸提供橋門(mén)式起重機(jī)。緬甸的仰光港口購(gòu)買(mǎi)了一座跨度為 47米，起重量為 40噸的橋門(mén)式起重機(jī)，然而美國(guó)的 BIW購(gòu)買(mǎi)了三臺(tái)起重量分別為 15t,150t, 和 300t起重機(jī)。另外，自從薩達(dá)姆下臺(tái)后上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)已向伊拉克的一些港口提供了 12臺(tái)起重機(jī)。在中國(guó)，上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)最近的主要訂單是橋門(mén)式起重機(jī)，這其中包括天津海外礦產(chǎn)航運(yùn)碼頭的 8臺(tái)起重量為 40t，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為 45m的起重機(jī)，然而，位于中國(guó)南部的廣東鹽田港務(wù)局已經(jīng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)了 6臺(tái)這樣的起重機(jī)。其它一些大的訂單包括鎮(zhèn)江港務(wù)集團(tuán)的 7臺(tái)起重量為 10t，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為 25m的起重機(jī)和防城港務(wù)局的 10臺(tái)起重量為 25t，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為33m的起重機(jī)，而營(yíng)口港務(wù)局已經(jīng) 13臺(tái)起重量為 25t，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為 35m和 2臺(tái)起重量為 40t，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑為 44m的橋門(mén)機(jī)。許多起重機(jī)按照訂單在建上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)也提供港口和海灣其它用途的起重機(jī)，這些大多數(shù)按照客戶(hù)的要求建造。它已經(jīng)向許多國(guó)外客戶(hù)提供岸邊集裝箱起重機(jī)，這其中包括泰國(guó)的曼谷港，臺(tái)灣的高雄港和加拿大的溫哥華港。在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)，該公司已向上海港，天津港，煙臺(tái)港以及其他的一些港口提供岸邊集裝箱起重機(jī)。該公司也向國(guó)內(nèi)外客戶(hù)提供輪胎式龍門(mén)起重機(jī)。訂購(gòu)其它港口起重機(jī)的公司包括廣東的廣州，它購(gòu)買(mǎi)了一臺(tái) 25t的浮吊，而中港港口已購(gòu)買(mǎi)了兩臺(tái) 125/63t雙小車(chē)龍門(mén)起重機(jī)和一臺(tái)- 8 -700t的橋式起重機(jī)。2003 年，中港港口與上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)簽訂一臺(tái)2600t的浮吊合同，這是該公司近些年做的最大噸位的起重機(jī)。其它的一些用戶(hù)包括江蘇省的中原南通造船廠(chǎng)，它已經(jīng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)了兩臺(tái)300t用于船塢的戈利亞特起重機(jī)，而上海外高橋船廠(chǎng)已將上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)的兩臺(tái) 600t戈利亞特起重機(jī)用于船舶建造中。上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)有兩個(gè)廠(chǎng)區(qū)。在上海的廠(chǎng)區(qū)有 2000名工人，江蘇的廠(chǎng)區(qū)有 1500名工人。在這 3500名工人中，有 800名技術(shù)人員和管理人員從事于設(shè)計(jì)，開(kāi)發(fā)，建造港口類(lèi)和其它類(lèi)起重機(jī)以及大宗干散貨物的裝卸設(shè)備。目前，該公司正準(zhǔn)備遷出它在上海的廠(chǎng)區(qū)，因?yàn)樵搮^(qū)是預(yù)留給2010上海世博會(huì)的一塊濱水區(qū)。該公司的上海分廠(chǎng)將于 2006年年底關(guān)閉，它將遷移到一個(gè)在上海附近長(zhǎng)興島的新廠(chǎng)區(qū)?！靶聫S(chǎng)區(qū)將比現(xiàn)有的廠(chǎng)區(qū)大， ”李說(shuō)， “當(dāng) 2006年年底我們遷出時(shí)，我們將做好第一階段的準(zhǔn)備工作。 ”除了將上海的廠(chǎng)區(qū)遷移到新址外，該公司希望將來(lái)能與振華在業(yè)務(wù)上合作。中國(guó)港灣建設(shè)（集團(tuán)）總公司的高層們被人們認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)告訴上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)它將與振華在招標(biāo)項(xiàng)目上有更多合作。兩家公司希望保持各自的制造能力，然而，將來(lái)合作的精確細(xì)節(jié)仍沒(méi)有確定。另外，上海港口機(jī)械廠(chǎng)的合作公司振華正在加強(qiáng)其作為世界最大的船岸集裝箱起重機(jī)生產(chǎn)商的地位，生產(chǎn)量幾近世界集裝箱起重機(jī)市場(chǎng)年產(chǎn)量的一多半。另外，它還經(jīng)營(yíng)著四個(gè)起重機(jī)生產(chǎn)綜合體和一些其他的業(yè)務(wù)。振華的產(chǎn)品系列包括集裝箱起重機(jī)，輪胎式龍門(mén)起重機(jī)，干散貨物船用裝卸設(shè)備，斗輪堆取料機(jī)，門(mén)式起重機(jī)，浮吊以及工程船只。該公司還擴(kuò)展到生產(chǎn)包括大型鋼橋的大型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)。- 9 -振華擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)全世界有 37個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)超過(guò) 150個(gè)航運(yùn)碼頭正在使用振華的起重機(jī)和其它的產(chǎn)品。振華已經(jīng)提交了 705臺(tái)集裝箱起重機(jī)，按照手頭的訂單將于 2006年交付另外的 128臺(tái)集裝箱起重機(jī)。除此之外，截止2005年底，振華已經(jīng)向世界各地的客戶(hù)交付了 1148臺(tái)輪胎式龍門(mén)起重機(jī)，按照手頭的訂單將于 2006年交付 308臺(tái)輪胎式龍門(mén)起重機(jī)。振華正在擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)設(shè)施，預(yù)計(jì)不久訂單數(shù)將會(huì)增加。該公司擁有四個(gè)起重機(jī)生產(chǎn)綜合體在上海及周邊地區(qū)，江陰，常州，湛江和長(zhǎng)興島。長(zhǎng)興島生產(chǎn)基地將于 2001年完成，占地面積 100萬(wàn)平方米，有3.5千米的海岸線(xiàn)。該基地每年能夠生產(chǎn) 160臺(tái)船岸集裝箱起重機(jī)和300臺(tái)輪胎式龍門(mén)起重機(jī)以及 20，0000 噸的大型鋼橋結(jié)構(gòu)。其計(jì)劃在長(zhǎng)興島進(jìn)一步填海 3百萬(wàn)平方米，屆時(shí)它將成為振華最大的生產(chǎn)中心。