DZ254廢水處理微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)

DZ254廢水處理微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng),dz254,廢水處理,微機(jī),控制系統(tǒng) 摘 要廢水中和值控制系統(tǒng)是通過(guò)控制電石渣的流量，使電石渣與給定流量的酸性廢水中和后的值穩(wěn)定在 7 附近。該系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)核心為單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)，其控制過(guò)程是：從測(cè)電石渣的流量計(jì)和測(cè)量 PH 值的 PH 計(jì)出來(lái)的電流信號(hào)經(jīng)過(guò) I/V 變換后，將電壓信號(hào)送入 A/D 把模擬量變?yōu)閿?shù)字量后送入 8031，經(jīng)程序處理后再將信號(hào)送入D/A，再由 V/I 變換把電流信號(hào)送給調(diào)節(jié)閥，從而調(diào)節(jié)電石渣的流量，以保證 PH 值穩(wěn)定于 7。本系統(tǒng)采用串級(jí)控制，內(nèi)環(huán)控制電石渣的流量，時(shí)間為 1 秒；外環(huán)控制 PH 值，時(shí)間為 4 秒。對(duì)電石渣流量進(jìn)行采樣，一般可采三次，當(dāng)采集過(guò)后達(dá)到一定時(shí)間時(shí)，再對(duì)PH 值進(jìn)行顯示，如果顯示的 PH 值在 7 附近波動(dòng)較大時(shí)，則相應(yīng)地調(diào)整電石渣的流量，使值穩(wěn)定于 7，以便于達(dá)到最佳效果。關(guān)鍵詞：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī) 調(diào)節(jié)流量 穩(wěn)定 PH 值Title The Controlling System of The Waste WaterAbstractThis controlling system of the waste water neutralizes ph value makes the ph value which is produced by the way that carbide dregs neutralize the acid waste water of given rate of flow stabilized around 7 by controlling the rate of flow of the carbide dregs .The system is core of hardware is MCS-51microcomputor，Its controlling process is the signal which come from the measure of ph and rate of flow change by I/V, and send the signal to 8031,because the signal is small , and magnify it by 4558.At last, we send the signal which will be changed by V/I to the valve, thus it can control the rate of flow and convenient for stabilizing the ph value. The system uses serial controlling system, the small annuals controls the rate of flow of the carbide dregs，the big annuals controls the ph value, the time are one minute and four minutes. It can sample the carbide dregs rate of flow ,later it will show the ph value .If the showing of ph value fluctuates strong around 7,we can gear correspondingly the carbide dregs rate of flow ,which make ph value stabilized around 7,thus it can be better .Keywords ：Single-Chip，control the rate of flow ,stabilize the ph value目 錄第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………………1第二章 控制方案的確定及方案論證………………………………………32．1 串級(jí)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)………………………………………………………………32．2 系統(tǒng)串級(jí)控制方案的確定………………………………………………… 4第三章 控制算法的確定………………………………………………………63．1 數(shù)字 PID 控制技術(shù)…………………………………………………………63．2 PID 參數(shù)的整定……………………………………………………………8第四章 控制系統(tǒng)的硬件選擇…………………………………………………114．1 單片機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)…………………………………………………………114．2 單片機(jī)的選擇………………………………………………………………124．3 單片機(jī)芯片的引腳描述……………………………………………………134. 4 單片機(jī)外圍電路的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………154．4.1 復(fù)位電路的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………154．4.2 時(shí)鐘電路的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………164. 5 存儲(chǔ)器的擴(kuò)展…………………………………………………………………164.5.1 程序存儲(chǔ)器的擴(kuò)展……………………………………………………164.5.2 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器的擴(kuò)展……………………………………………………194．6 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器的選擇…………………………………………………………194．7 D/A 轉(zhuǎn)換器的選擇…………………………………………………………224．8 電壓/電流的轉(zhuǎn)換……………………………………………………………254．9 電流/電壓的轉(zhuǎn)換………………………………………………………………264．10 傳感器的選擇………………………………………………………………274．10.1 PH 計(jì)的選擇…………………………………………………………274．10.2 流量計(jì)的選擇…………………………………………………………314．11 調(diào)節(jié)閥的選擇…………………………………………………………………324．12 顯示器的選擇…………………………………………………………………32第五章 軟件設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………365.1 主程序的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………365.2 中斷程序的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………375.3 PID 算法程序的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………405.4 標(biāo)度變換子程序的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………40第六章 抗干擾的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………………42 6.1 主要干擾渠道…………………………………………………………………426.2 供電系統(tǒng)干擾…………………………………………………………………426.3 過(guò)程通道干擾…………………………………………………………………436.4 空間干擾………………………………………………………………………436.5 印刷電路板的抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………436.6 軟件的抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………44致謝 ……………………………………………………………………………………45參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………………46附錄 A 程序清單…………………………………………………………………………47附錄 B 程序流程圖…………………………………………………………………………56附錄 C 硬件電路圖…………………………………………………………………………57