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黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
附 錄
附錄A.英文文獻(xiàn)
motor vehicles and the use of additional devices
Self-loading vehicle arm (also known as hydraulic multi-energy vehicles and fighting for self-loading and unloading trucks) is characterized by separate cargo body fight with the implementation of a goods vehicle and a number of joint fighting operations, the cycle of transport, which can Self-loading dump containers, precast, machine equipment, bulk materials. The use of the car changed a number of operating the previous system under which the motor transport vehicle must be equipped with cranes or loaders, forklifts, loading and unloading as well as the need for workers in many ways, and saved the car and truck loading of the waiting time, increased turnover of motor vehicles and utilization, thus saving a great deal of manpower, material and financial resources to enhance economic efficiency.
At present, the arm-type self-loading vehicle mainly used for mining of mineral aggregate loading, transport and dump, factory parts and rough handling and waste dumping, and construction waste from the handling, more clearance for the urban sanitation sector transportation of refuse. Arm as a result of self-loading cargo vehicles and body is separate from the fighting, using fixed-point garbage collection from time to time. Thus, in particular focal point for residents, as well as the market changes with the seasons the amount of waste sites. Dump it and refuse collection vehicles and forklift formula and flip-shaped seal trash dump trash garbage truck with a circular intake compared Yun, can effectively overcome the operation of the secondary dust and noise pollution.
Arm-type truck with a low investment and low operating costs, maintenance and convenient, less noise, no secondary dust pollution, etc. Yang. The drawback is the size of the litter bucket, and can not be placed in the narrow streets, while in transit light foam filled refuse to take full advantage of easy self-loading vehicle arm, some cities have begun to establish a centralized garbage removal station, the use of small land transport equipment (such as human dump 3) refuse to focus on narrow streets in the refuse collection points (floor), and then installed in self-loading arm dedicated junk car in the bucket, and then outward through the self-loading dump truck. It solved the problem of narrow streets could not place the issue of special garbage bucket. To address self-loading arm in the process of motor transport issues dusty materials, Special Purpose VehicleNanning has been designed and built two more effective anti-dust materials, additional devices and drivers can be manipulated to drive the entire operating room Process control device shaft. Are presented below.
1.the activities of the vehicle hydraulic cargo canopy
This is to prevent the arm of a self-contained hopper car loading and unloading of materials from blowing out of the vehicle cargo canopy.
The structure of the device as shown in Figure 1.
Its working principle is: to promote the distribution of hydraulic valve joystick , hydraulic oil into the fuel tank on the cavity, the extended piston rod back, while driving the main arm to the car in front of swing in the tarp , under the canopy of the self and the main arm driven by its front-end articulated main arm , so that folding the sheeting under the lotus back then, under the support of opening up, in the cargo box form a closed top of the Ji Flip cover So that is not contained in the transportation field were filled. When the joystick struck the opposite side, the oil into the fuel tank of the cavity, the protruding rod back, while driving the main arm to the car in front of swing, in the sheeting , Peng-rod self-respect and the main arm Under the impetus of sheeting , Peng-rod and the main arm sequence neatly folded in boxes weeks before the edge, the canopy opened, is expected to facilitate loading and unloading cargo. The device structure is simple and easy to use, especially suitable for the shape of the size of cargo bucket inconsistent. Stacker hopper occasions too, such as good use of cover, fighting to prevent the material goods in the transportation out of dust.
2.swing-wing self-loading automatic car cover
The new device structure as shown in Figure 2. When the arm-type self-loading vehicle operations, to manipulate the distribution of multi-way valve stem so that the car swings arms back, when Hopper was slowly lifting, at the same time, as the arm and fixed in the frame side on the small pulley gradually widened the distance that the rope the role of the length of stretch, this time through the wire rope to pull pulley and shaft , with the shaft link a fixed rear cover.
Then gradually open up. When the pendulum swing back to the largest angle (that is unloaded or loaded Doo Doo), the rear cover has also opened up to the maximum point of view, are not to affect the loading or unloading hopper. Action in the above-mentioned process, as a result of the front cover through the connecting arm empty set of fixed beams in the arm , so the former self-covered under the arm placed in the vertical with the ground manipulation of self-handling car so that after the swing arm for operating the dumping of operations in the interior height of the front cover lifted.
Automatically cover the wing structure is simple and no special operation when used with other types of enclosures covered compared to savings of time and energy, elegant shape, covered with a good hopper to prevent the material from blowing out during transport . Arm of the two self-loading and unloading of motor vehicles Therefore, the role of the former self-cover, the arm placed in the vertical with the ground before the front cover is always tight cover of the hopper. When the arm continues to swing back, the front cover self-lap, the left (on the icon in terms of) when shaft can not continue to lap, when the front cover with the arm before and after lifted up, placed in the largest arm angle, the front and back covers are lifted up, the shape of the wings to take off. At this point, you can do for fighting and has no effect on operations. When the manipulation of self-handling car so that after the swing arm for operating the dumping of materials, dumping hopper to achieve perspective, the rear cover open up to the point of view of a considerable discharge does not affect operation. The front cover as a result of self-hood has always been tight right hopper Department, the work does not affect the discharge. The front cover is designed to sway with the weight and to reduce operations in the interior height of the front cover lifted. Automatically cover the wing structure is simple and no special operation when used with other types of enclosures covered compared to savings of time and energy, elegant shape, covered with a good hopper to prevent the material from blowing out during transport . Arm of the two self-loading and unloading of vehicles attached devices, can effectively prevent materials from blowing out during transport, but their advantages and disadvantages. General self-loading arm in loading and unloading motor vehicles, the workers can only stand on the side of the body, handling agencies to manipulate the distribution of multi-way valve, so that the arm raise hopper or hopper dumping of materials. This appeared in a lot of inconvenience.
附錄B.中文翻譯
淺談自裝卸汽車及附加裝置的運(yùn)用
擺臂式自裝卸汽車(也叫液壓多能車和可換斗式自裝卸車)的特點(diǎn)是貨斗與車體分開，實(shí)行一輛車和數(shù)個(gè)貨斗聯(lián)合作業(yè)，循環(huán)運(yùn)輸，即能自裝自卸集裝箱、預(yù)制構(gòu)件、整機(jī)設(shè)備、散裝物料等。該車的使用使許多作業(yè)改變了以往那種汽車運(yùn)輸必須配備汽車吊車或裝載機(jī)、叉車，以至需要許多裝卸工人的方式，而該車節(jié)省了裝載及卸車的等候時(shí)間，提高了汽車的周轉(zhuǎn)率和利用率，因而節(jié)省了大量的人力、物力和財(cái)力，提高了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
目前，擺臂式自裝卸汽車主要用于礦山礦料的裝載、運(yùn)輸和自卸，工廠毛坯零件及廢料的搬運(yùn)與傾卸，及建筑垃圾的自裝卸， 更多的是用于城市環(huán)衛(wèi)部門清運(yùn)垃圾等。由于擺臂式自裝卸汽車的車體與貨斗是分開的，采用的是定點(diǎn)不定時(shí)地收集垃圾。因此，特別適用于居民集中點(diǎn)、集市以及垃圾量隨季節(jié)變化的地點(diǎn)。它與自卸垃圾車和叉車配方形垃圾箱及倒裝密封自卸垃圾車配圓形垃圾桶的收運(yùn)方式相比，能有效地克服了作業(yè)時(shí)的二次揚(yáng)塵和噪聲的污染。
擺臂式自卸汽車具有投資少，經(jīng)營(yíng)費(fèi)用低，保養(yǎng)維修方便，噪音少，無(wú)二次楊塵污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。其缺點(diǎn)是專用垃圾斗體積大，在狹窄街道不能擺放，同時(shí)在運(yùn)輸過程中輕泡垃圾易飛揚(yáng)為充分利用擺臂式自裝卸汽車， 有些城市已開始建立集中的垃圾收運(yùn)站，使用小型收運(yùn)機(jī)具(如人力三輪斗車)把狹窄街道的垃圾集中于垃圾站(樓)然后裝于擺臂式自裝卸汽車的專用垃圾斗中，再通過自裝卸車外運(yùn)傾卸。這就解決了狹窄街道不能擺放專用垃圾斗的問題。為解決擺臂式自裝卸汽車運(yùn)輸過程中的物料飛揚(yáng)問題， 廣西南寧專用汽車改裝廠已設(shè)計(jì)并制造了兩種較為有效的防物料飛揚(yáng)的附加裝置和司機(jī)可在駕駛室內(nèi)操縱整個(gè)作業(yè)過程的軟軸操縱裝置。現(xiàn)介紹如下。
1.車輛貨箱液壓活動(dòng)蓬蓋
這是一種防止擺臂式自裝卸汽車料斗所載物料往外飛揚(yáng)的車輛貨箱蓬蓋其工作原理是：推動(dòng)液壓分配閥操縱桿，液壓油進(jìn)入油缸上腔，其伸出活塞桿縮回，同時(shí)拉動(dòng)主擺臂往車前方擺動(dòng)，在篷布、篷桿的自重及主擺臂推動(dòng)下其前端鉸接的主擺臂,使折疊的蓬布在蓮桿的支撐下向后依序撐張開，在貨箱的上方形成一個(gè)密閉倒扣的冀蓋，使所載物運(yùn)輸中不至于向外飛揚(yáng)。當(dāng)把操縱桿向相反方撥動(dòng),油進(jìn)入油缸的上腔,其伸出的活塞桿縮回，同時(shí)拉動(dòng)主擺臂往車前方擺動(dòng)，在蓬布、蓬桿的自重及主擺臂的推動(dòng)下，蓬布、蓬桿和主擺臂按序整齊地折疊在貨箱前周緣上，蓬蓋打開，便于貨箱裝卸料。該裝置結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，使用方便，特別適用于貨斗形狀大小不一致。料斗堆料過高等場(chǎng)合使用遮蓋性好，可防止貨斗內(nèi)的物料在運(yùn)輸時(shí)往外飛揚(yáng)。
2.自裝卸汽車翼式自動(dòng)蓋
該新型裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)擺臂式自裝卸汽車作業(yè)時(shí)，操縱多路分配閥的閥桿使該車兩臂向后擺動(dòng),這時(shí)料斗被徐徐吊起，與此同時(shí)，由于擺臂與固定在車架側(cè)板上的小滑輪距離逐漸拉大，即鋼絲繩的作用長(zhǎng)度拉長(zhǎng)，此時(shí)通過鋼絲繩拉轉(zhuǎn)滑輪及轉(zhuǎn)軸,與轉(zhuǎn)軸聯(lián)接固定的后蓋。
隨之逐漸向上打開。當(dāng)擺臂向后擺至最大角度(即卸斗或裝斗)時(shí)，后蓋也向上開至最大角度，完全不影響裝料斗或卸料。在上述動(dòng)作過程中，由于前蓋是通過連接臂空套在擺臂固定橫梁上的，所以，在前蓋自重作用下，在擺臂擺到與地面垂直前，前蓋總是罩緊著料斗的。當(dāng)擺臂繼續(xù)往后擺動(dòng)時(shí)，前蓋自重下擺，其左端碰到轉(zhuǎn)軸而不能繼續(xù)下擺，此時(shí)前蓋隨擺臂后擺而向上抬起，擺臂擺到最大角度時(shí)，前后兩蓋均向上抬起，形似起飛的兩翼。此時(shí)，即可做換斗作業(yè)而毫無(wú)影響。當(dāng)操縱自裝卸車使擺臂后擺，作傾卸物料作業(yè)，料斗達(dá)到傾卸角度時(shí)，后蓋向上開到相當(dāng)大的角度，不影響卸料作業(yè)。而前蓋由于自重始終罩緊料斗右半部，不影響卸料工作。前蓋設(shè)計(jì)為可隨自重而擺動(dòng)，目的是降低在室內(nèi)作業(yè)時(shí)前蓋抬起的高度。
該翼式自動(dòng)蓋結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，使用時(shí)不需專門操作，與其他類型的罩蓋相比，節(jié)省了時(shí)間和能源，外形美觀大方，遮蓋性好，可防止料斗內(nèi)的物料在運(yùn)輸過程中往外飛揚(yáng)。上述兩種擺臂式自裝卸汽車的此時(shí)通過鋼絲繩拉轉(zhuǎn)滑輪及轉(zhuǎn)軸與轉(zhuǎn)軸聯(lián)接固定的后蓋隨之逐漸向上打開。當(dāng)擺臂向后擺至
最大角度(即卸斗或裝斗)時(shí)，后蓋也向上開至最大角度，完全不影響裝料斗或卸料。在上述動(dòng)作過程中，由于前蓋是通過連接臂空套在擺臂固定橫梁上的，所以，在前蓋自重作用下，在擺臂擺到與地面垂直前，前蓋總是罩緊著料斗的。當(dāng)擺臂繼續(xù)往后擺動(dòng)時(shí)，前蓋自重下擺，其左端(就圖示而言)碰到轉(zhuǎn)軸而不能繼續(xù)下擺，此時(shí)前蓋隨擺臂后擺而向上抬起，擺臂擺到最大角度時(shí)，前后兩蓋均向上抬起，形似起飛的兩翼。此時(shí)，即可做換斗作業(yè)而毫無(wú)影響。目前，擺臂式自裝卸汽車主要用于礦山礦料的裝載、運(yùn)輸和自卸，工廠毛坯零件及廢料的搬運(yùn)與傾卸，及建筑垃圾的自裝卸，更多的是用于城市環(huán)衛(wèi)部門清運(yùn)垃圾等。由于擺臂式自裝卸汽車的車體與貨斗是分開的， 采用的是定點(diǎn)不定時(shí)地收集垃圾。因此， 特別適用于居民集中點(diǎn)、集市以及垃圾量隨季節(jié)變化的地點(diǎn)。當(dāng)操縱自裝卸車使擺臂后擺，作傾卸物料作業(yè)，料斗達(dá)到傾卸角度時(shí)，后蓋向上開到相當(dāng)大的角度不影響卸料作業(yè)。而前蓋由于自重始終罩緊料斗右半部，不影響卸料工作。前蓋設(shè)計(jì)為可隨自重而擺動(dòng)，目的是降低在室內(nèi)作業(yè)時(shí)前蓋抬起的高度。該翼式自動(dòng)蓋結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單， 使用時(shí)不需專門操作，與其他類型的罩蓋相比， 節(jié)省了時(shí)間和能源，外形美觀大方，遮蓋性好，可防止料斗內(nèi)的物料在運(yùn)輸過程中往外飛揚(yáng)。上述兩種擺臂式自裝卸汽車的附加裝置，均能有效地防止物料在運(yùn)輸過程中往外飛揚(yáng)，但各有利弊。一般的擺臂式自裝卸汽車在裝卸作業(yè)時(shí)，工作者只能是站在車身的一側(cè)，操縱裝卸機(jī)構(gòu)的多路分配閥， 使擺臂提升料斗或使料斗內(nèi)的物料傾卸。這樣就出現(xiàn)了諸多不便。
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