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摘要
主軸箱在整個(gè)機(jī)床中屬于相對(duì)重要部件，通過其內(nèi)部的齒輪傳動(dòng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)多級(jí)變速,從而人們需要的速度可以從最后傳到主軸的速度的到。通常主軸箱傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的性能直接影響機(jī)床的性能。
本設(shè)計(jì)介紹普通機(jī)床中CA6140主軸的設(shè)計(jì)過程，文章先簡要介紹了車床的發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀，分析了主軸箱中各個(gè)重要部件結(jié)構(gòu)原理和其在做主軸箱里的作用。詳細(xì)介紹了CA6140里的齒輪、軸、主軸和軸承等零件的整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過程。具體內(nèi)容包括選取滿足要求相應(yīng)的功率電機(jī)和各個(gè)零件的整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，其中包括材料的定選尺寸的合理安排以及加工需求。對(duì)于軸和齒輪零件運(yùn)用的有關(guān)公式，進(jìn)行合理的分析對(duì)相對(duì)較危險(xiǎn)的部位進(jìn)行作圖、計(jì)算和查表，進(jìn)行各種校核。最終對(duì)各個(gè)零部件進(jìn)行參數(shù)擬定、傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)、傳動(dòng)件的估算和驗(yàn)算、各部件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，繪制零件圖和裝配圖。
CA6140機(jī)床是典型的車削加工機(jī)床，其中主軸箱是機(jī)床組成的核心部件，主軸箱的作用是將電動(dòng)機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞到主軸上，實(shí)現(xiàn)車削回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。本次論文設(shè)計(jì)主要包括傳動(dòng)方案及傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)圖的擬定，包含轉(zhuǎn)速的設(shè)計(jì)、結(jié)構(gòu)式的確定及工藝范圍；各軸傳遞功率及力矩的計(jì)算；主要部件的設(shè)計(jì)及校核；主軸箱的主要部件主要包括箱體、傳動(dòng)軸、齒輪及帶輪。最終確定主軸箱的整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
關(guān)鍵詞： 主軸箱； 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 軸
Abstract
Throughout the machine tool spindle box is a relatively important component through its internal gears can achieve multi-speed, the speed of which people need to be reached from the last to the spindle speed. Typically headstock drive performance directly affects the performance of the machine.
This design introduces ordinary machine tool spindle CA6140 design process, the article briefly describes the history and current status of the lathe analyzed headstock various important parts of the structure principle and its role in doing the spindle box. Details of the CA6140 in the gears, shafts, spindles and bearings and other parts of the entire design process. Specific content includes selected meet the requirements of the corresponding power motors and various parts of the overall structural design, including materials, given the reasonable arrangement and size selection processing needs. For shaft and gear parts using the relevant formula, a reasonable analysis relatively dangerous parts of the mapping, calculation and look-up table, a variety of checking. Parameters for the various parts of the final formulation, transmission design, transmission parts estimating and checking each component structural design, drawing parts and assembly drawings.
CA6140?lathe?is?a?typical?turning?processing?machine?tools,?including?spindle?box?is?core?
component?of?machine?tool,?is?the?role?of?the?spindle?box?is?passed?on?to?the?main?spindle?motor?movement,?turning?rotary?movement.?This?paper?mainly?includes?the?transmission?scheme?and?system?design?of?proposed,?including?the?design?of?the?speed,?the?determination?of?structural?formula?and?process;?The?calculation?of?each?shaft?transmission?power?and?torque.?The?design?of?main?parts?and?check;?A?major?part?of?the?spindle?box?mainly?includes?box,?transmission?shaft,?gear?and?pulleys.?Eventually?determine?the?overall?structure?of?the?spindle?box?design.
Keywords: Headstock; structural design; axis
沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 致謝
目 錄
第一章緒論 1
1.1 普通車床發(fā)展史 1
1.2 發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 3
第二章CA6140主軸箱工作原理 4
2.1機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu) 4
2.2 主軸箱的主要構(gòu)造 6
第三章傳動(dòng)方案擬定和總體布局 9
3.1 變速組和傳動(dòng)副數(shù)的確定 9
3.2 傳動(dòng)比的分配 10
第四章各個(gè)零部件的選定 12
4.1 確定主軸的極限轉(zhuǎn)速 12
4.2 電機(jī)的選擇 12
4.2.1 計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)速范圍和定公比并選出各級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)速 12
4.2.2 電機(jī)選擇 13
4.3 帶輪直徑和齒輪齒數(shù)的確定 13
4.3.1 確定皮帶輪直徑 13
4.3.2 齒輪齒數(shù)的確定 14
4.3.3 計(jì)算各軸傳動(dòng)的功率 17
4.4 主軸箱的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 18
第五章各零部件校核驗(yàn)算 19
5.1 各軸驗(yàn)算轉(zhuǎn)速誤差 19
5.2 V帶的設(shè)計(jì)校核 19
5.3 I軸上的零部件設(shè)計(jì) 21
5.3.1 I軸上的齒輪設(shè)計(jì) 21
5.3.2 I軸的設(shè)計(jì)校核 25
5.3.3 軸承的校核和鍵的選擇 27
5.5 II軸上的齒輪設(shè)計(jì) 29
5.5.1 II軸上的齒輪設(shè)計(jì) 29
5.5.2 II軸選軸、鍵和軸承的選擇 33
5.6 III軸上的個(gè)部件設(shè)計(jì) 34
5.6.1 III軸上的齒輪設(shè)計(jì) 34
5.6.2 III軸選軸、鍵和軸承的選擇 38
5.7 IV軸主軸的選取 39
5.8主軸箱的裝配圖及箱體的設(shè)計(jì) 41
結(jié)論 43
參考文獻(xiàn) 44
致謝 45