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車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 I 轎車變速箱設(shè)計 摘 要 本設(shè)計的任務(wù)是設(shè)計一臺用于轎車上的 FR 式的手動變速器。本設(shè)計采用中 間軸式變速器，該變速器具有兩個突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：一是其直接檔的傳動效率高，磨 損及噪聲也最??；二是在齒輪中心距較小的情況下仍然可以獲得較大的一檔傳動 比。 根據(jù)轎車的外形、輪距、軸距、最小離地間隙、最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑、車輛重量、 滿載重量以及最高車速等參數(shù)結(jié)合自己選擇的適合于該轎車的發(fā)動機(jī)型號可以得 出發(fā)動機(jī)的最大功率、最大扭矩、排量等重要的參數(shù)。再結(jié)合某些轎車的基本參 數(shù)，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鳒p速比。根據(jù)上述參數(shù)，再結(jié)合汽車設(shè)計、汽車?yán)碚摗C(jī)械設(shè) 計等相關(guān)知識，計算出相關(guān)的變速器參數(shù)并論證設(shè)計的合理性。 它功用是：①改變傳動比，擴(kuò)大驅(qū)動輪轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速的變化范圍，以適應(yīng)經(jīng)常 變化的行駛條件，如起步、加速、上坡等，同時使發(fā)動機(jī)在有利的工況下工作； ②在發(fā)動機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)方向不變的前提下，使汽車能倒退行駛；③利用空檔，中斷動力 傳遞，以使發(fā)動機(jī)能夠起動、怠速，并便于發(fā)動機(jī)換檔或進(jìn)行動力輸出。這臺變 速器具有五個前進(jìn)檔（包括一個超速檔五檔）和一個倒檔，并通過鎖環(huán)式同步器 來實(shí)現(xiàn)換檔。 關(guān)鍵詞：變速器，鎖環(huán)式同步器，傳動比，中間軸，第二軸，齒輪 車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 II THE DESIGN OF SALOON GEARBOX ABSTRACT The duty of this design is to design a FR type manual transmission used in the saloon,It’s the countershaft-type transmission gearbox.This transmission has two prominent merits: Firstly,the transmission efficiency of the direct drive keeps off high, the attrition and the noise are also slightest;Secondly ,it’s allowed to obtain in the biger gear ratio of the first gear when the center distance is smaller. According to the contour,track，wheel base，the smallest ground clearance,the smallest turning radium,the vehicles weight, the all-up weight as well as the highest speed and so on, union the choosing engine model we can obtain the important parameters of the max power,the max torque, the displacement and so on. According to the basic parameters of the certain saloon,choose the suitable final drive ratio.According to the above parameters,combining the knowledge of automobile design, automobile theory, machine design and so on, calculate the correlated parameters of the gearbox and proof the rationality of the design. Its function is:①Changing gear ratio,expanding the torque of the driving wheel and the range of the rotational speed,to adapt the travel condition which frequently changes, like start, acceleration, climbing and so on, simultaneously causes the engine to work under the advantageous operating mode;②Under the premise of the invariable rotation, enables the automobile to travel back;③Using neutral, severances the power transmission, to make the engine start, idle, and is advantageous for the engine to shift gears or to carry on the dynamic output. This gearbox has five (including over drive—fifth gear) and a reverse gear, and through the inertial type of synchronizer to realize shift gears. KEY WORDS：transmission, inertial type of synchronizer,gear ratio, countershaft,second axis, gear 車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 III 目 錄 符號說明................................................... 1 前言....................................................... 3 第一章 機(jī)械式變速器的概述及其方案的確定................. 6 §1.1 變速器的功用和要求............................... 6 §1.2 變速器結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定............................. 6 §1.3 變速器主要零件結(jié)構(gòu)的方案分析.................... 12 第二章 變速器主要參數(shù)的選擇與主要零件的設(shè)計............ 15 §2.1 變速器主要參數(shù)的選擇............................ 15 §2.2 各檔傳動比及其齒輪齒數(shù)的確定.................... 19 §2.3 齒輪變位系數(shù)的選擇.............................. 21 第三章 變速器齒輪的強(qiáng)度計算與材料的選擇................ 22 §3.1 齒輪的損壞原因及形式............................ 22 §3.2 齒輪強(qiáng)度計算與校核.............................. 22 第四章 變速器軸的強(qiáng)度計算與校核........................ 25 §4.1 變速器軸的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸 ............................ 25 §4.2 軸的校核........................................ 車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 IV 27 第五章 變速器同步器的設(shè)計.............................. 30 第六章 變速器的操縱機(jī)構(gòu)................................ 33 結(jié)論......................................................34 參考文獻(xiàn)..................................................35 致謝......................................................36