中考英語 語法練習(xí)題16 定語從句.doc

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2013屆中考英語 語法練習(xí)題16 定語從句 一、定語從句（一）： 1.定語從句的概念： 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。 2.先行詞： 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。 3.關(guān)系詞： 引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。 4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 關(guān)系詞 指代 在定語從句中的作用 that 既指人也指物 作主語、賓語 which 指物 作主語、賓語 who 指人 作主語 whom 指人 作賓語 whose 既指人也指物 作定語 二、定語從句（二） 1.先行詞是物時(shí)，一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下，只能用that不用which。 1).當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時(shí)，只能用that。 There is nothing ______ I can do for you . 2).當(dāng)先行詞被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。 This is the very book ______ I’m looking for . 3).先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that 。 This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school . 4).先行詞為最高級或被最高級修飾時(shí)，只能用that。 This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .= I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian . 5).先行詞既有人也有物時(shí)，只能that 。 He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had . 2.先行詞是物時(shí)，一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下，只能用which不用that。 1).關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞只能用which 。 This is the building in ______ he lives . 2).先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞只能用which 。 The clock is that _____ tells the time . 3).引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語從句（先行詞是物且先行詞與關(guān)系詞用逗號隔開），關(guān)系詞用which。 His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now. 3.先行詞是人時(shí)，一般情況下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情況下，只能用who。 1).當(dāng)先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時(shí)，一般用who 。 Those ______ are singing are all my classmates . 2).在there be 句型中，先行詞指人時(shí)，只能用who。指物時(shí)用that。 There is a girl ______ expects to see you . 3).當(dāng)先行詞是I、you、he、they等時(shí)，只能用who 。 He ______ plays with fire gets burned . 三、定語從句（三）。 由關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which 1.由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 1).先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 2).在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語 Is this the house ______ you lived ?= Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ? = Is this the house _____ you lived in ? 2.由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 1).先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞 2).在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語 I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him. 注：先行詞是the last time 時(shí)，when 可省略。 When was the last time you saw the parrot ? 3.由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 先行詞為reason 時(shí)，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因狀語。 We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come . 四、注意事項(xiàng)： 1.關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，常可省略。 The story _____ he told was very popular . A.who B.whom C.whose D. / 2.that、who、which在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。 I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs . She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard . 3.在定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的人稱代詞。 Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday? A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it 4.定語從句中whose 的確定： 無論先行詞是人或物，在定語從句中做定語用whose。 判斷：看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞（my、your、Jim’s等），若沒有，則用whose 。 The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate . A. who B. whose C. which D. that I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good. 五、定語從句的簡化 把定語從句簡化為形容詞短語、過去分詞短語、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語。 1.She reveived a box which was full of presents . She reveived a box _____ _____ presents . 2.He likes reading books that was written by Luxun. He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun . 3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it . I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it . 4.Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress . Do you know the girl ______ a red dress .