There be句型

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1、There be句型 一． 定義及結(jié)構(gòu) 定義 There be句型是英語中常用句型,表示某處有某物或某人,在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,翻譯時(shí)也不必翻譯出.后面的名詞是句子的主語,屬于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu). 表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”There在此結(jié)構(gòu)中,沒有副詞“那里”的含義. 句 型 結(jié) 構(gòu) be動(dòng)詞 肯定句：There be+主語+其它. 否定句： There be not+主語+其它.（否定副詞not放在be之后） There be not+主語+其它.（主語前加上不定代詞no） 一般疑問句：Be there +主語+其它? Yes,there

2、 be./No,there be not. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 （will） 肯定句：There +情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形+主語+其它. 否定句：There +情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形+主語+其它. 一般疑問句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+there +動(dòng)詞原形+主語+其它? Yes,there+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞./No,there+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not. 句型時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)：There is/are 過去時(shí)：There was/were 將來時(shí)：There is/are going to be：There will be 完成時(shí)：There have/has been 反義疑問句和特殊疑問句

3、 反義疑問句： There be或There加其它動(dòng)詞,其反義疑問句一律用...there？例如： There is a beautiful girl in the garden,isn’t there? There used to be no school here,uesd there/did there? 特殊疑問句： 1.對(duì)主語提問：“Who’s+介詞短語？”（主語是人） “What’s+介詞短語？”（主語是物） 其中there在口語中常常省略.注意：無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對(duì)其提問時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式（回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定）

4、There is a bird in the tree.---What’s in the tree? There are some bikes over there.---What’s over there? 2. 對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語提問：“Where is/are+主語？”表示（注意其答語變化） There is a computer in my office.--Where is the computer?---It’s in my office. There are four children in the classroom.---Where are the four children

5、?--They are in the classroom. 3. 對(duì)數(shù)量提問：一般有兩種 一般如果主語是可數(shù)名詞,無論是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),都用“How many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+are there+介詞短語？”表示： There are twelve months in a year.---How many months are there in a year? This is only one book in my bag.---How many books are there in your bag? 如果主語是不可數(shù)名詞,則用“How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語

6、？”表示： There is some money in my purse.How much money is there in your purse? 注意 肯定句中出現(xiàn)some改成否定句或疑問句要改成any,出現(xiàn)and要改為or. not和no不同,not是副詞,no是形容詞,not a/an/any+名詞=no+名詞 二． There be句型用法 情況 用法及例句 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用 there 與be中間可插入一些表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、表時(shí)態(tài)的短語和一些動(dòng)詞短語（如將來時(shí)be going to/will,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+done,used to結(jié)構(gòu)等連用

7、,注意其構(gòu)成形式） There must be something wrong here． There might still be some vacant seats in the rear． There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking． There happened to be some money in my pocket. There has been a big tree on the top of the hill. There used to be a church across from

8、the bank. 時(shí) 態(tài) There be句型常用的時(shí)態(tài)形式有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí) There is someone at the door to see you.門口有人找你。 There will be a meeting this evening.---Have there been any letters from Jack lately?---No, there hasn’t. There had been many such accidents before you came. 半助動(dòng)詞 There be句型中be前面可用

9、一些半助動(dòng)詞,如：be about to (就要), be certain to (一定會(huì)), be going to (將要),be likely to (可能), be to (要), had better (最好), have to (必須), used to (過去常), appear/seem/happen to (似乎/恰好)等 There used to be a grocery store on the corner. There is certain to be something wrong with the engine. = It appears / is c

10、ertain that there is something wrong with the engine. There appears to have been a nasty accident. 替 換 詞 There be 句型中的替換詞有：come (來), develop (產(chǎn)生), exist (存在), fall (落下), follow (跟隨), happen (發(fā)生), lie (躺著), live (住著), occur (發(fā)生), remain (還有), rise (升起),stand (站著)等.這些動(dòng)詞可以有時(shí)態(tài)變化,及物動(dòng)詞還可以有語態(tài)變化 a

11、ppear,come,follow,spring up,emerge,arrive,enter,等詞表示“突然出現(xiàn)” live,stand,exist,remain等詞表示“靜止,存在,有” There fell a deep silence.突然一片寂靜 There remains one more test to be carried out before putting the instrument into operation. 在使用這一設(shè)備之前要完成一項(xiàng)試驗(yàn) Not long after this, there occurred a sudden revolution i

12、n public taste. 此后不久,公眾的情趣發(fā)生了突然的變化 There stands at the center of the square the Monument to the People’s Heroes. 人稱和數(shù) 1. there be 句型中,be應(yīng)和后面的主語在數(shù)上保持一致.如果有兩個(gè)或更多的主語,則與離動(dòng)詞最近的那個(gè)主語保持一,即“就近原則” There is only a table, four chairs and a small bed in the room. There are some peoples in the bowl.

13、2. 如果主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,卻表示一筆金額或一個(gè)總數(shù)或表達(dá)一個(gè)單個(gè)概念時(shí),則仍用單數(shù)be形式. There is five hundred dollars to pay. There is still another 20 miles to drive. There is duck and green vegetables for supper. 與have區(qū)別 1. 區(qū)別 There be意為存在,強(qiáng)調(diào)某地有某物,不表示所屬關(guān)系； Have表示所有關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)某人或某地有某物,這是其基本用法. There are some trees in front of the ho

14、use. Tom has many friends in China. 2. 相同點(diǎn) 在表示結(jié)構(gòu)上的含有時(shí),既可以用there be句型,也可以用have（has）來表示. There are many long rivers in China./China has many long rivers. How many days are there in March?/How many days does March have? 注意：兩者不能同時(shí)使用. 固 定 句 型 “there be no+主語名詞”的習(xí)慣用法（=It is/was imposs

15、ible to+動(dòng)詞原形） 動(dòng)名詞在“there be no”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語,表示“不可能”、“無法”. 結(jié)構(gòu)為：“There be no doing=It be+impossible to+動(dòng)詞原形” There is no denying the fact that China is still a developing country． There is no joking about such matters． There is no telling what will happen to him next． There is no holding back the whee

16、l of history.歷史車輪不可阻擋 There is no bearing such rude remarks.如此粗話,叫人根本無法忍受 there is no point＋動(dòng)名詞，表示"沒有必要","無用","沒有意義","沒有用處" 例如：We are disappointed with the new officer elected in our bridge club,but there is no point worrying about it． there is no use ＋動(dòng)名詞,表示"無用","沒有意義","沒有用處" 例如：There is no us

17、e advising him to give up smoking． there is no good ＋動(dòng)名詞分詞,表示"無用","沒有意義","沒有用處","沒有益處" 例如：There is no good discussing the matter with such a fool． 修 飾 主 語 在由"there be＋主語名詞"引起的句子中,修飾主語的情況 1.在由"there be＋主語名詞"引起的句子中,用來修飾主語的不定式可以用被動(dòng)形式,也可以用主動(dòng)形式.例如：There is no time to lose／to be lost． The

18、re are still many things to take care of／to be taken care of． 在口語中多用主動(dòng)形式.但是有時(shí)候兩種形式可能表示不同的意思.試比較： There is nothing to do now．（We have nothing to do now．） There is nothing to be done now．（We can do nothing now．） There is nothing to see（nothing worth seeing）． There is nothing to be seen（nothing th

19、ere at all）． 2.在由"there be＋主語名詞"引起的句子中,用來修飾主語的分詞或分詞短語在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句.例如： There were 200children studying（＝who were studying）music,dancing,or dramatics． Is there anything planned（＝that has been planned）for tonight？ 【大展身手】 1. If ever again __________ happens an accident like this, we will have only

20、 ourselves to blame. A. it B. so C. there D. that 2.Once he starts talking about Chinese or foreign affairs, ancient or modern, __________. A. there is no stopping of him B. he is not to stop C. there is no stopping him D. it is no stopping him 3. Around the world _________ may be as

21、many as a million earthquakes in a single year. A. yet B. they C. there D. has there 4. There is no point _________ with him, since he has already made up his mind. A. argue B. to argue C. in arguing D. of arguing 5. Where _________ dirt, there are flies. A. there has B. is C. there

22、 is D. has there 6. _________ no air, there would be no life on the earth. A. There was B. There were C. Was there D. Were there 7. He said, “_________ a long way to school. _________ a long way to go yet before we arrive.” A. It is … There is B. There is … It is C. It is … It is D. T

23、here is … There is 8. The house improvements have taken _________ little there is of my spare time. A. how B. what C. that D. some Keys：1-5 CCCCC 6-10 DAB there be句型的非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示“有”或“存在” （for）+ there to be+賓格詞 There be句型中be用不定式,形成“（for）there to be+賓格詞”結(jié)構(gòu),在“（for）ther

24、e to be+賓格詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語是賓格詞.這種不定式在句中作邏輯主語,賓語,狀語.通常用it作形式主語,并且用for引導(dǎo). "there to be ＋賓格詞"在句中作主語 It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company． 特別應(yīng)該注意的是： "for there to be ＋賓格詞"在句中作主語時(shí)必須用介詞for引出there be后面的賓格詞又如：It is impossible for there to be any more apples． For there to be so few peo

25、ple in the streets was unusual． "there to be＋賓格詞"在句中作賓語 作賓語時(shí),通常用there to be,常作這樣一些詞的賓語：expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等. The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams． there to be＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作動(dòng)詞expect的賓語,句中的賓格詞more reviewing classes作"there to be"不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主

26、語.特別應(yīng)該注意的是there后的不定式只能用"to be"的形式,因?yàn)檫@種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)是從"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化而來的.又如： I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs. People don’t want there to be another war． Members like there to be plenty of choice． It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians

27、surrounded by others who join in by clapping,singing or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound． I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.我不想引起任何誤解（there to be 作賓語） "there to be＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作介詞for的賓語,句中的賓格詞an ensemble of expert musicians作"there to be"不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語 "for there to be ＋賓格詞"在句中

28、作狀語 It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim ’s car out quite safely． （"for there to be＋賓格詞"作結(jié)果狀語） 特別應(yīng)該注意的是,"for there to be＋賓格詞"在句中作狀語時(shí)必須用介詞for引出there be后面的賓格詞.又如：For there to be successful communication,there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussing

29、 itself by all present．（"for there to be＋賓格詞"作目的狀語） They planned for there to be another meeting．（"for there to be＋賓格詞"作目的狀語） there being+賓格詞 在there be句型中,be用現(xiàn)在分詞,形成“（of）there being+賓格詞”結(jié)構(gòu),在“（of）there being+賓格詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語是賓格詞.這種分詞在句中作邏輯主語,賓語,狀語 "there being＋賓格詞"在句中作主語 There being a bus

30、 stop so near the house is a great advantage. 公共汽車站離家這么近是一個(gè)很有利的條件（There being a bus用作主語） "there being＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語，句中的賓格詞a bus stop作"there being" V-ing分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語 "there being＋賓格詞"在句中作賓語 Have you ever thought of there being so many work units for you to choose on the talent’s meeting？ （"there b

31、eing＋賓格詞"作賓語） No one would have dreamt of there being such a fine place. 誰也沒想到會(huì)有這樣的一個(gè)好地方.（there being 在句子中作介詞of的賓語.需注意的是,結(jié)構(gòu)若出現(xiàn)在介詞for的后面則要用動(dòng)詞不定式；若出現(xiàn)在其他介詞后面則要用動(dòng)名詞） "there being＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作介詞of的賓語，句中的賓格詞so many work units作"there being"V-ing分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語.又如： No one had told him anything about there bei

32、ng a beautiful story about the lake.John was relying on there being another opportunity． "there being ＋賓格詞"在句中作狀語 There being no cause for alarm,she went back to her bedroom．（"there being＋賓格詞"構(gòu)成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作原因狀語） There being no bus, we had to walk home.（“There being +賓格詞”構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作狀語） "there bein

33、g＋賓格詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語,句中的賓格詞no cause作"there being" V-ing分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語.又如： There having been a strong suspicion against the ability of the director,the department asked him to resign．（"there being ＋賓格詞"作原因狀語） There being nothing to be done,they have to go back home．（"there being＋賓格詞"作原因狀語） There being no f

34、urther business,the chairman closed the meeting．（"there being＋賓格詞"作原因狀語） there done+賓格詞 在there be句型中,be用be+過去分詞,形成“there be+過去分詞+賓格詞”結(jié)構(gòu),在“there be+過去分詞+賓格詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語是賓格詞. There was found a lot of food in the kitchen cupboard． There are now published millions of books every year in China． There

35、was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai． 【大展身手】 1.It isn’t cold enough for there _________ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely. A. would be B. being C. was D. to be 2. The students expected there ________ more reviewing classes before t

36、he final exam. A. be B. being C. have been D. to be 3.There _________ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live. 4. He said it was impossible for _________ a mistake in a computer’s calculation, so you can rly on that. A. there being B.

37、 there would be C. there to be D. there was 5. Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chance 6. The chairman insisted that there be a meeting ___________ within the shortest pos

38、sible time. A. to hold B. to be held C. to have been held D. to be holding 7. ________, she went back to her room. A. There was no cause for alarm B. Without having cause for alarm C. Being no cause for alarm D. There being no cause for alarm 8. ________ to the railway station, we missed the train. A. There is no bus B. No bus goes C. There not being any bus D. Not any bus 9. We left the meeting, there obviously ________ no point in staying. A. were B. being C. to be D. having Keys：1-5DDDCA 6-10 BDCB