從《絕望的主婦》看中美家庭價值觀差異

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1、 論文題目：從《絕望的主婦》看中美家庭價值觀差異 指導(dǎo)教師： 曹陽（講師） 填表時間：2012年10月9日 一、選題的類別 （√）基礎(chǔ)研究 （ ）應(yīng)用研究 （ ）應(yīng)用理論研究 二、選題依據(jù)及研究意義 選題依據(jù)：家庭是社會經(jīng)濟形態(tài)的縮影，是社會組成的最基本的單位，因此家庭成員的價值觀念直接影響著他們在社會中的言語和行為，也就是說整個社會的價值觀在很大程度上取決于家庭價值觀，因而家庭價值觀是文化價值研究體系的核心?！督^望主婦》是一部反映美國中產(chǎn)階級家庭生活的典型電視劇，在很大程度上是反映美國家庭生

2、活的真實寫照，從中能看出中美家庭觀在很多方面的差異，為研究中美家庭價值觀差異提供素材。 研究意義：在全球化發(fā)展的趨勢下，中美兩國交流更加頻繁。本文通過對中美家庭觀差異進行比較分析，在中美兩種不同的家庭價值觀之間架起一座溝通的橋梁，使人們對另一種家庭價值觀的感知由陌生到認知，又由認知到認可，最后慢慢交融貫通，避免在跨文化交際中產(chǎn)生誤解，對構(gòu)建和諧社會有著重大的現(xiàn)實意義。 三、選題的研究現(xiàn)狀及主要參考文獻 目前，國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對本國的價值觀研究已成體系，對家庭價值觀的研究也已經(jīng)很深入，就中美價值觀進行的對比研究也不在少數(shù)，比如在中美婚姻狀況，中美家庭教育等方面的對比研究，但是對中美家庭價值觀進行

3、較為全面的對比，并對其原因進行分析研究的為數(shù)不多。 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀：朱永濤先生的《美國價值觀——一個中國學(xué)者的探討》（2002）主要以權(quán)威學(xué)者的論述為依據(jù)，通過多種媒體以及在各種社交場合目睹的有關(guān)美國個人主義價值觀、美國的家庭、婚姻戀愛觀及美國人在宗教信仰方面的價值觀進行了分析。本書雖以美國價值觀為主題，但卻是通過與中國傳統(tǒng)的家庭價值觀對比來研究，對中美兩國人的行為、思想等進行了全面的比較。社會學(xué)研究學(xué)者魏章玲的《中美價值觀比較》（1998）一文重點從男女平等觀、婚戀觀、生育觀、家庭倫理觀等方面探討了中美家庭觀的異同之處及其社會文化根源。 國外研究現(xiàn)狀：當前美國的家庭研究主要有兩大趨勢：一是

4、健康家庭的研究，二是對中國等處于不同背景下的國家進行家庭價值觀對比研究。英裔美國歷史學(xué)家Lawrence Stone 從歷史學(xué)的角度對美國家庭價值觀做了全面的分析研究。Arlene S. Skolnick,?Jerome H. Skolnick的Family in Transition（2010）是關(guān)于婚姻家庭的社會學(xué)專著，結(jié)合歷史背景與現(xiàn)狀探討了美國人對待婚姻，孩子的教育以及家庭組織的問題上的轉(zhuǎn)變。 主要參考文獻： [1] ?Datesman, Maryanne Kearny, JoAnn Crandall & Edward N. Kearny. 2005. American Ways:

5、 An Introduction to American Culture [M]. 3rd edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. [2] Samovar Larry A. & Richard. E. Porter. 1995. Communication between Cultures [M]. 3rd edition. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. [3] Mou Yan. 2010. On Difference between Chinese and American F

6、amily Values in Cross-Cultural Communication [D]. Published dissertation, Taishan Medical College. [4] Skolnick, Arlene S. & Jerome H. Skolnick. 2010. Family in Transition [M]. London: Prentice Hal. [5] 關(guān)培蘭，石寧，1998，中美家庭倫理觀與教育比較[J]，道德與文明，5：33-34。 [6] 胡文仲，2002，超越文化的屏障[M]。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社。 [7] 黃全愈，200

7、1，家庭教育在美國[M]。廣州：廣東出版社。 [8] 梅仁毅，2003，美國研究讀本[M]。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社。 [9] 王成，2005，美國人的愛情婚姻價值觀[J]，世界文化，8：6-7。 [10] 魏章玲，1998，中美家庭價值觀比較[A]，諾丁漢特倫特大學(xué)人文科學(xué)院理論、文化和社會中心出版。 [11] 鄭國香，2012，中美家庭價值觀的跨文化對比研究[J]，河南工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報（社會科學(xué)版），,8(2):46-49。 [12] 朱永濤，2002，美國價值觀—一個學(xué)者的探討[M]。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社。 四、擬研究的主要內(nèi)容、創(chuàng)新點、重難點及研究思路 主要內(nèi)容：本文

8、選取美劇《絕望主婦》的典型事例為素材，對比分析中美兩國的家庭價值觀在婚姻、教育以及家庭倫理方面的差異及其原因。第一部分是緒論，主要研究家庭價值觀的背景，包括研究目的，國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，本文框架以及研究意義。第二部分簡要介紹《絕望主婦》這部劇并簡單敘述了家庭觀的定義。第三部分結(jié)合《絕望主婦》典型事例，從婚姻、教育、家庭倫理三個方面分析了中美家庭觀的差異。第四部分對中美家庭價值觀差異形成的原因作出比較分析，包括地理，歷史及宗教信仰方面的原因。最后是本文的結(jié)論，簡述了研究的主要內(nèi)容，并對中美兩國跨文化交際提出建議。 創(chuàng)新點：本文擬從中美家庭觀之家庭婚姻觀、家庭教育觀、家庭倫理觀方面進行對比研究，并對

9、此形成的原因進行探討，內(nèi)容較為全面。 重點：對中美家庭價值觀選取哪幾個方面進行差異分析。 難點：國外研究現(xiàn)狀的資料掌握欠缺，以及對差異的原因分析。 研究思路：本文通過最直觀的并列比較方式比較中美兩國家庭價值觀在婚姻、教育及家庭倫理方面的差異及其原因，使中美兩國人更容易弄懂對方的家庭價值觀的核心取向，進而更容易理解對方的行為方式，在兩種截然不同的家庭價值觀之間架起一座溝通的橋梁，使人們對另一種家庭價值觀的感知由陌生到認知、又由認知到認可，最后慢慢交融貫通，在求同存異的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生一種共同的價值取向。 五、研究進程安排 2012年9月3日—2012年9月15日：準備論題 2012年9月1

10、6日—2012年9月30日：與導(dǎo)教師交流選題思路，請教指導(dǎo)教師與本論文論題有關(guān)的參考書目和資料，最終與指導(dǎo)教師商討并確定論題。 2012年9月30日—2012年10月10日：進行開題討論，審定其論題寫作的可行性。根據(jù)指導(dǎo)教師的意見，修改開題報告書。 2012年10月11日—2013年1月5日：在此階段需大量查閱與選題相關(guān)的資料，并且向指導(dǎo)教師提呈所擬定的寫作提綱。 2013年1月10日—2013年3月4日：根據(jù)論文大綱，開始撰寫論文初稿。于3月4日前完成論文初稿，并送交指導(dǎo)教師審閱。 2013年3月5日—3月17日：根據(jù)指導(dǎo)教師意見，修改論文初稿，并于3月17日前將二稿交指導(dǎo)教師審閱。

11、 2013年3月17日：根據(jù)前期論文寫作的情況，填寫中期檢查表。 2013年3月18日—3月24日：根據(jù)指導(dǎo)教師意見修改論文，于3月24日前將三稿交給指導(dǎo)教師。 2013年3月24日—3月30日：虛心聽取指導(dǎo)教師意見，反復(fù)修改論文，精益求精，最后確定定稿，于3月30日前將定稿交給指導(dǎo)教師。 2013年3月31日—4月6日：指導(dǎo)教師評審。 2013年4月7日—4月16日：復(fù)查教師評審。 2013年4月23日下午2點半：畢業(yè)論文答辯。 六、其他說明 由于對國外關(guān)于中美家庭價值觀差異的研究文獻掌握有限，本文對于中美家庭價值觀差異的個個方面研究不夠完整，對其原因分析不夠深入。

12、 七、指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日 八、指導(dǎo)教師小組意見 指導(dǎo)教師小組負責人： 年 月 日 九、學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組意見 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組組長簽字： 年 月 日 海 南 師 范 大 學(xué) 本 科 生 畢 業(yè) 論 文 從《絕望的主婦》

13、看中美家庭價值觀差異 The Comparative Study of Differences in Sino-American Family Values from Desperate Housewives A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Foreign Language College, Hainan Normal University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D

14、egree of Bachelor of Arts By Luo Yu Supervisor：Cao Yang (Lecturer) March 30, 2013 Foreign Language College, Hainan Normal University 本科生畢業(yè)論文獨創(chuàng)性聲明 本人聲明所呈交的畢業(yè)論文是本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進行的研究工作及取得的研究成果，除了文中特別加以標注和致謝的地方外，本論文中沒有抄襲他人研究成果和偽造數(shù)據(jù)等行為。與我一同工作的同志對本研究所做的任何貢獻均已在論文中作了明確的說明并表示謝意。

15、 論文作者簽名： 日期： 本科生畢業(yè)論文使用授權(quán)聲明 海南師范大學(xué)有權(quán)保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機構(gòu)送交畢業(yè)論文的復(fù)印件和磁盤，允許畢業(yè)論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)海南師范大學(xué)可以將本畢業(yè)論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或其他復(fù)印手段保存、匯編畢業(yè)論文。 論文作者簽名： 日期： 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 日期：

16、 Acknowledgements For the completion of this thesis, my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to my supervisor, who has taken her precious time off from her tight schedule, offering me many useful materials, reading my thesis carefully and giving me constant encourage

17、ment, valuable suggestions and instructions. Without her consistent and illuminating guidance, this paper could not have reached its present form. Secondly, I would like to acknowledge my indebtedness to the other teachers, from whose teaching and instructions I obtained lifetime. Moreover, none o

18、f this would have been possible without the help of our school library and its staff. So my deep gratitude also go to it. Last but not least, my heartfelt thanks go to my beloved family for their loving consideration and great confidence in me through all these years. I also wish to sincerely thank

19、 my friends and classmates whose brilliant ideas have proved immensely constructive. Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2 3. THE DEFINITION OF FAMILY, VALUES AND FAMILY VALUES 3 3.1 THE DEFINITION OF FAMILY 3 3.2 The definition of values 4 3.3 The definition

20、 of family values 4 3.3.1 The dominant value in China: collectivism 4 3.3.2 The dominant value in American: individualism 5 4. DIFFERENCES IN SINO-AMERICAN FAMILY VALUES BASED ON DESPERATE HOUSEWIVES 5 4.1 Differences in marriage values 6 4.1.1 Attitudes toward marriage 6 4.1.2 Attitudes towar

21、ds divorce 7 4.2 Differences in family education 8 4.2.1 Aims of family education 8 4.2.2 Methods of family education 8 4.3 Differences in family morals 9 5. ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE VALUES DIFFERENCES 10 5.1 Economic form 10 5.2 History 11 5.3 Belief 12 6. CONCLUSION 13 BIBLIOGRAPH

22、Y 15 The Comparative Study of Differences in Sino-American Family Values from Desperate Housewives Author: Luo Yu Supervisor: Cao Yang (Lecturer) (Foreign Language college, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158) Abstract: Family, the miniature of social economic activity, is the ba

23、sic unit that constitutes society. Family values are the core ingredients in the research of cultural values, determining the behavior of the members in the family, and the values of family members have direct influence on what they think, what they say and what they do. However, different nationali

24、ties have different family values due to different cultural backgrounds. The American TV series Desperate Housewives, one of the typical one that reflects the lives of American middle-class families, is the mirror of American family lives to a large extent. Therefore, this paper chose the comparativ

25、e study of differences in Chinese and American family values as the theme. By using the method of intuitive side-by-side comparison and combining the typical cases from Desperate Housewives, this paper mainly talks about the differences of Sino-American family values in marriage, family education an

26、d family morals and analyzes the reasons for the values differences. As a result, Chinese and American people can acknowledge each other’s core value orientation and understand each other’s way of act, which contribute to bridge over the communication gap between the two different family values and

27、avoid misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication. Key words: Family values; Family education; Family morals; Reasons 從《絕望的主婦》看中美家庭價值觀差異 作者： 指導(dǎo)教師： 摘要： 家庭是社會經(jīng)濟活動的縮影，是社會組成的最基本單位。家庭價值觀是文化價值研究體系的核心，對家庭成員的行為起決定性作用，家庭成員的價值觀念直接影響到他們在社會中的言語和行為。但是由于不同的文化背景，不同的民族有著不同的家庭價值觀。美劇

28、《絕望的主婦》，一部反映美國中產(chǎn)階級家庭生活的典型電視劇，在很大程度上是美國家庭生活的真實寫照，因而本文選擇了中國和美國的家庭價值觀差異對比為論文主題。本文通過最直觀的并列比較方式，結(jié)合劇中的典型事例，分析了中美家庭價值觀在家庭教育、婚姻以及家庭倫理價值觀方面的差異，并對造成差異的原因進行了對比分析。目的在于使中美兩國人了解對方家庭價值觀的核心取向，理解對方的行為方式，在兩種截然不同的家庭價值觀之間架起一座溝通的橋梁，避免在跨文化交際中產(chǎn)生失誤。 關(guān)鍵詞： 家庭觀；家庭教育；婚姻；家庭倫理；原因 1. Introduction As we all know that family

29、 values are the core parts in the research of cultural value system, which have great effect on the behavior of the family members. Family, the miniature of social-economic formation, is the basic unit that constitutes society; therefore, the values of family members have direct influence on what th

30、ey think, what they say and what they do. That is to say, family values determine the values of the whole society in a large degree. Thus we can say the influence caused by family values is more profound, widespread and lasting. The reason why is that, first of all, family values is the starting poi

31、nt where people receive value education. Secondly, the influence of family values will last for a long time once it comes into existence in one’s mind. In the end, family values are closely related to the development of the society. All in all, the research on family values is necessary and importan

32、t. Chinese culture is a typical representative of the eastern culture, while American culture is a fusion of the western culture. Because of different geographical and historical backgrounds as well as religious beliefs, Chinese and American family values are different. Therefore, this paper chose t

33、he comparative study of differences in Chinese and American family values as the theme. The Desperate Housewives is one of the typical TV series reflecting the lives of American middle-class families. To a large extent, it is the mirror of American family lives, demonstrating the American family val

34、ues in many aspects that are different from Chinese and providing fodder for studying the differences in Sino-American family values. Under the developing trend of globalization, the contacts between America and China have become increasingly frequent. However, due to some invisible cultural barri

35、ers, the cross-cultural communication between the Chinese and American is not smooth. Well-known Chinese scholar Hu Wenzhong pointed out that values are the core parts in cross-cultural communication, and family values are the key factors of cultural values, therefore, without understanding the diff

36、erences in Sino-American family values, the cross-cultural communication between the Chinese and American people may not go on smoothly. By making some comparative study of differences in Sino-American family values, this paper tries to bridge over the communication gap between the two different fam

37、ily values so as to guide people to realize the existence of another family values other than local, to perceive them, and then to accept them, to understand them, in the end, to be partly intermingled, which indeed contribute to avoid misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication and have great

38、 significance in building a harmonious society. This paper, adopting the way of intuitive side-by-side comparison, mainly talks about the differences of Chinese and American family values in marriage, family education and family morals through combining the typical cases from the American TV seri

39、es Desperate Housewives, and analyzes the reasons for the values differences. The first part deals with the background of family values, including the purpose of the research, the significance of the research, and the structure of the thesis. The second part introduces the domestic and overseas rese

40、arch actuality about Sino-American family values. The third part presents the definition of family, values and family values briefly. The forth part analyzes the differences in Chinese and American family values from three aspects—marriage, children’s family education and family morals based on Desp

41、erate Housewives. The fifth part is a further discussion which was taken to make clear the reasons why family values between China and America are different, and it analyzes from the view of geography, history and belief. The last part is the conclusion part that sketches the main content, the resul

42、ts and findings of the paper. It also summarizes its great significance in cross-cultural communication between China and America as well as its influence in the research field of Sino-American family values. Besides, the limitation of this paper is involved in the last part. 2. Literature review

43、 In recent years, the research on cross-cultural communication has increased greatly and stepped progressively into in-depth development, for the invisible cultural barriers truly existed in Sino-American exchanges, which, to a certain degree, impedes smooth communication. At present, the studies o

44、f native values done by domestic and overseas scholars has been systematic, the studies of family values has become further, and also many comparative studies of Sino-US family values have appeared, such as the comparative studies on Chinese and American marital status as well as on family education

45、 in China and America; however, only a few conduct a comprehensive comparison of Sino-American family values, and perform an analysis of the reasons for the values differences. Zhu Yongtao’s American Values—Discussed by a Chinese Scholar (2002), a more comprehensive book touches upon comparative

46、study of family values in China, is mainly based on the discourses of authoritative scholar, analyzes American individualistic values, family values, marriage values and religious beliefs by means of media like television, films, newspapers and magazines along with witnessing in various pubic places

47、. It is worth mentioning that even though this book is themed by American values, it makes whole contrasts in behaviors and thoughts between Chinese and American through comparing with Chinese traditional family values. Sociological researcher Wei Zhangling’s Comparison of Sino-American Family Valu

48、es (1998) analyzes and compares the differences and similarities of Chinese and American family values from the view of equality between men and women, love and marriage, family ethics and procreation conception, pointing out that we can't use simple trend to generalize the modernization process of

49、family values of different countries in the development trend, instead we can have different analysis of family values in different countries and different historical periods. Taiwanese scholars Dai Junbo and Zhan Hongyi put forward four aspects—ecological system theory, family system theory, social

50、 learning theory and values theory—that form family values theory. Currently, American family studies have two main trends: one is the research of healthy families; the other is the comparative study of family values targeting at the countries like China whose social backgrounds are distinguished

51、from America. Anglo-American historian Lawrence Stone has done a comprehensive analysis and research on American family values from the perspective of history. American Ways: An Introduction to American Culture (2005), by Maryanne Kearny Datesman, JoAnn Crandall and Edward N. Kearny, stresses on the

52、 traditional values that have attracted people to the United States for well over 200 years and traces the effects of these values on American life. The main themes include diversity, the family, education, religion, and recreation. Family in Transition (2010), by Arlene S. Skolnick and Jerome H. Sk

53、olnick, is a sociology monograph that discusses American shifting attitudes towards marriage, children’s education and family organization in accordance with historical context. 3. The definition of family, values and family values 3.1 The definition of family Traditionally speaking, family sh

54、ould be defined as a group of people related by blood, marriage or adoption, living together, to form economic ties, to fertilize and to bring up children (Mou: 2010, 3). On the basis of this idea, families continue through children-rearing. “Family is the basic unit of a society; it is very much li

55、ke a mirror, reflecting the society’s cultural characteristics, moral beliefs, economic and political relations and other social problems.” (Mei: 2003, 340) 3.2 The definition of values American sociologists Samovar and Porter (1995) thought values are prescriptive, cautioning people what is goo

56、d and bad, what is right and wrong, what is real and false as well as what is positive and negative, etc. Values, also value orientation, are one person’s relatively fixed overall merit and view to the meanings and importance of the objective things around him. Values exist in people’s mind having m

57、ajor influence on a person’s behavior and attitude and serving as broad guidelines in all situations. 3.3 The definition of family values Generally speaking, family values, as the core of the value system, not only refer to the family members’ norm of conducts but also a standard of measuring t

58、he norm of behaviors. Specifically speaking, family values refer to the values that permeate to every family’s daily life, and both parents and children in a family should abide by. “We know that the most basic relationships in a family are marital relationship, kinship, parent-child relationship, a

59、nd it also includes the affectional and economic relationship generated from those basic relationships. For instance, education, religion, faith and family burden-sharing are all include in family values.” (Mo: 2005, 125) As Chinese and American families are in two different cultural contexts, the r

60、elationships among family members and the family values are different. That is, the social core value of China is collectivism, while American is individualism. 3.3.1 The dominant value in China: collectivism The dominant value in Chinese culture is collectivism which means that public interes

61、ts are the interests of the individual, public values are the values of the individual and public wills are the wills of the individual. Collectivism’s influence on Chinese family values is that Chinese people attach great importance on family; especially women spend more time and energy in managing

62、 family. In China, men are accepted as the master of most family, and usually the final decision is made by men and the housework is done by women. Besides, childbearing is regarded as a very important thing in Chinese family, which is accepted as the extension of life. Children are taught to be obe

63、dient and brought up to seek fulfillments with others instead of the individual. All in all, Chinese family is a united family that family members rely on each other, requiring to show loyalty to the family. 3.3.2 The dominant value in American: individualism The dominant idea in American cultu

64、re is individualism. “Broadly speaking, individualism refers to the doctrine, spelled out in detail by the seventeenth century English philosopher John Locke, and each individual is unique, special, complete different from all other individuals, and it is the basic unit of nature.” (Samovar, Porter,

65、 and Stefani: 1995, 123) Individualism’s influence on American family values embodies in the independence and equality among family members. Husband and wife in America family, getting along with each other equally and keeping their own private space, discuss the family issues and make decision toge

66、ther. Husband-wife relationship is the most important one in American family. Children are treated as friends and taught to be independent and seek self-realization. In a word, individual freedom and equality rank at the most important place in American family, and family members treat each other equally in daily life. 4. Differences in Sino-American family values based on Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American TV series, the story of which happens on Wisteria Lane in th