創(chuàng)新機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)-多功能可調(diào)角度床的設(shè)計(jì)【含CAD圖紙、三維模型、說明書】
創(chuàng)新機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)-多功能可調(diào)角度床的設(shè)計(jì)【含CAD圖紙、三維模型、說明書】,含CAD圖紙、三維模型、說明書,創(chuàng)新,機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),多功能,可調(diào),角度,設(shè)計(jì),CAD,圖紙,三維,模型,說明書
本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
題目名稱
多功能可調(diào)角度床的設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué)生姓名
一、 選題的目的和意義：
多功能可調(diào)角度床的設(shè)計(jì)既可以用于普通人群的自動化舒適性生活的需要，又可以用于生活不能自理的病人、危重病人和癱瘓病人的特殊需要，能隨意調(diào)節(jié)床的背部和腳部的角度。既可以通過控制器來實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭生活的自動化，又可以使護(hù)理人員通過床邊的控制器進(jìn)行操作，減少照顧病、殘患者的勞動強(qiáng)度。課題設(shè)計(jì)一種用于普通家庭用的多功能床，解決人身體和生理方面的需要（抬背、曲退等）。針對市場需求開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、工作可靠、使用方便的多功能護(hù)理床并進(jìn)行動態(tài)仿真，對于產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)業(yè)化具有重要的意義。
二、 國內(nèi)外研究綜述：
隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展，人民生活水平不斷提高，人口壽命不斷延長，思想的進(jìn)步，城市人口正逐步進(jìn)入老齡化,人口老齡化已成為世界范圍內(nèi)的社會問題。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，歐洲發(fā)達(dá)國家和日本的老年人獨(dú)居率已高達(dá)40%，如此之高的比例迫使社會采取措施解決老年人的護(hù)理服務(wù)問題。如果完全依靠家庭人工照料，與西方國家子女與老年人分居、家庭規(guī)模小型化的觀念有抵觸之處。我國60 歲及其以上老年人口已達(dá)1.32 億, 占全國總?cè)丝诘?0%, 并以年均3.32%的速度持續(xù)增長。其中“空巢家庭”占所有老齡家庭總數(shù)的25.8%,在一些大城市中該比例更大，解決因身體虛弱臥床不起或因疾患導(dǎo)致生活不能自理的老年人的家庭照料與看護(hù)問題是人口老齡化國家所面臨的共同問題。為此, 國家也大力加強(qiáng)了對護(hù)理機(jī)器人的研發(fā)扶持力度。現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了很多集多功能為一體的多功能,電動護(hù)理床,極大的提高了患者的康復(fù)護(hù)理水平,也為護(hù)理人員提供了極大的方便,所以操作簡單,功能強(qiáng)大的護(hù)理產(chǎn)品越來越受到追捧。
護(hù)理床在國內(nèi)的設(shè)計(jì)研究尚處于初級階段，產(chǎn)品的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)、造型有待進(jìn)一步的完善。國外護(hù)理床的研究以德國、日本為代表，各種護(hù)理功能正在逐步完善，成熟。但因其價(jià)格昂貴（一般售價(jià)在20 萬人民幣以上），很難為一般的消費(fèi)者所接受。護(hù)理床的基本分類情況如下：
表1-1護(hù)理床分類概括
名稱
優(yōu)點(diǎn)
存在問題
功能基礎(chǔ)型護(hù)理床
1、結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)工藝簡單，易于制造。2、價(jià)格便宜。
1、功能比較簡單，不能實(shí)現(xiàn)使用者的護(hù)理要求。2、手動為主，操作繁瑣。3、造型傳統(tǒng)，舒適性差。4、應(yīng)用范圍窄。
功能普通型護(hù)理床
1、一般為電動，用戶可簡單操作控制。2、能完成基本的護(hù)理功能。3、增添了輔助功能接口。4、整體造型，色彩改進(jìn)，具有一定的親和性。
1、市場售價(jià)偏高。2、功能啟動柔性差，銜接不連貫。3、功能一體化造成功能浪費(fèi)。4、生產(chǎn)技術(shù)含量低，容易被仿制。5、文字，圖像識別功能差
功能高級型護(hù)理床
1、護(hù)理功能完善。2、功能調(diào)整定位準(zhǔn)確，連貫性好，基本無噪音。3、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)合理，安全。4、造型新穎，有較強(qiáng)的親和力。5、文字，標(biāo)志容易識別。
1、市場售價(jià)昂貴。造成功能浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重，造成額外的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本。2、整體可拆性差，運(yùn)輸、組裝繁瑣。3、對患者康復(fù)功能的考慮較少。
從近年來的發(fā)展來看，國內(nèi)的發(fā)展迅速，各種結(jié)構(gòu)、功能等等各異的護(hù)理床層出不窮。發(fā)展方向主要向機(jī)器人模塊化的自動控制方向發(fā)展。
三、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）所用的主要技術(shù)與方法：
1、硬件條件：
個(gè)人電腦（繪圖，編輯用）
2、軟件條件：
WINDOWS 7操作系統(tǒng)、Pro/E野火版4.0繪圖軟件、OFFICE文件處理軟件
四、 主要參考文獻(xiàn)與資料獲得情況：
[1]孫恒，陳作模 . 機(jī)械原理[M].7版 . 北京：高等教育出版社，2006 .
[2]孟憲源 . 現(xiàn)代機(jī)構(gòu)手冊[M]. 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1993 .
[3]梁崇高，等 . 平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)[M] . 北京：高等教育出版社，1993 .
[4]濮良貴，紀(jì)名剛 . 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)[M] .8版. 北京：高等教育出版社，2006 .
[5]詹啟賢 . 自動機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)[M] . 北京：中國輕工業(yè)出版社，1944 .
[6]鄒慧君 . 機(jī)械運(yùn)動方案設(shè)計(jì)手冊[M] . 上海：上海交通大學(xué)出版社，1994 .
[7]寧濤，王飛 . 中文版Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0基礎(chǔ)教程[M] . 北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2008 .
[8]黃圣杰，等．Pro/ENGINEER.2001高級開發(fā)實(shí)例[M]．北京：電子工業(yè)出版社，2002.
[9]鐘日銘，等 . Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire4.0從入門到精通[M] . 北京：工業(yè)出版社，2009 .
五、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）進(jìn)度安排（按周說明）
1、4月9日前完成開題報(bào)告及設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書。
2、4月10日至5月20日（6周時(shí)間）完成設(shè)計(jì)具體內(nèi)容，包括圖紙及說明書。
3、5月21日至5月31日（1周左右）完成設(shè)計(jì)修改驗(yàn)收總結(jié)工作。
4、6月1日至6月15日完成答辯。
六、 指導(dǎo)教師審批意見：
指導(dǎo)教師： （簽名）
年 月 日
本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）中期檢查表
指導(dǎo)教師： 職稱：
所在院（系）： 教研室（研究室）：
題 目
學(xué)生姓名
專業(yè)班級
學(xué)號
一、選題質(zhì)量：（主要從以下四個(gè)方面填寫：1、選題是否符合專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，能否體現(xiàn)綜合訓(xùn)練要求；2、題目難易程度；3、題目工作量；4、題目與生產(chǎn)、科研、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化及實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)等實(shí)際的結(jié)合程度）
二、開題報(bào)告完成情況：
三、階段性成果：
四、存在主要問題：
五、指導(dǎo)教師對學(xué)生在畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)中，勞動、學(xué)習(xí)紀(jì)律及畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）進(jìn)展等方面的評語
指導(dǎo)教師： （簽名）
年 月 日
5
摘 要
隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展，人民生活水平不斷提高，人民對生活質(zhì)量的要求越來越高，其中對于床的舒適度和多功用要求也越來越高。
多功能可調(diào)角度床是一種針對普通人群的自動化舒適性生活需要而設(shè)計(jì)的，能隨意調(diào)節(jié)床的背部和腿部的角度。它既可以通過控制器來實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭生活的自動化，又可以使人民的生活更加舒適更加方便，從而提高家居生活的質(zhì)量。
課題設(shè)計(jì)一種用于普通家庭使用的多功能床，解決人身體和生理方面的需要（抬背、曲退等）。該設(shè)計(jì)對多功能床的各項(xiàng)功能進(jìn)行了方案的選擇、原理分析、零件尺寸計(jì)算及強(qiáng)度校核，使其能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)預(yù)設(shè)功能的正常運(yùn)動。并采用三維數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)軟件Pro ENGINEER對其進(jìn)行建模和裝配，最后對其整體方案進(jìn)行運(yùn)動仿真。
關(guān)鍵詞：多功能床 原理分析 零件尺寸計(jì)算 強(qiáng)度校核 Pro ENGINEER運(yùn)動仿真
Abstract
With the rapid development of social economy, people living standard rises ceaselessly, people on the quality of life of the increasingly high demand, the bed comfort and function requirements are also getting higher and higher.
The multi-function adjustable angle bed is a need for automation comfortable life of the general population and design, is able to adjust the angle of the back and legs of the bed. It can be achieved through the controller automation of family life can make people's lives more comfortable and more convenient, thereby improving the quality of home life.
The task to design a multi-functional bed for ordinary house use, to solve the human body and physiological needs (lift back, bend knees and etc). The design on the various functions of the multi-functional bed with a choice of programs, principles of analysis, spare parts size calculation and strength check , and enable it to achieve the normal movement of the default function. And using of digital three-dimensional design software Pro ENGINEER for modeling and its assembly ，finally the overall program for motion simulation.
Key words: the multi-functional bed principles of analysis spare parts size calculation strength check motion simulation by Pro ENGINEER
III
目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
前 言 1
第1章 緒論 3
1.1 課題的目的和意義 3
1.2 國內(nèi)外研究狀況及發(fā)展趨勢 3
1.2.1 多功能床的分類 4
1.2.2 多功能床結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展 6
1.3 本文的主要研究內(nèi)容 7
1.4 本章小結(jié) 8
第2章 多功能床結(jié)構(gòu)的整體方案 9
2.1 多功能床的工作要求 9
2.1.1 多功能床的工作環(huán)境 9
2.1.2 多功能床的位姿和控制要求 9
2.2 多功能床總體方案構(gòu)思 9
2.2.1 構(gòu)思的提出 9
2.2.2 相關(guān)要求與標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 10
2.2.3 多功能床的組成 11
2.3 本章小結(jié) 12
第3章 多功能床的方案選擇和比較 13
3.1 多功能床方案一 13
3.1.1 床板結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 13
3.1.2 坐起及曲腿方案 14
3.2 多功能床方案二 15
3.2.1 床板結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 15
3.2.2坐起及曲腿的方案 16
3.3 方案的對比和選擇 17
3.4 本章小結(jié) 18
第4章 多功能床機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 19
4.1 基本參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì) 19
4.2 抬背機(jī)構(gòu) 19
4.2.1 抬背機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理 19
4.2.2 抬背機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)（圖解法） 20
4.2.3 抬背機(jī)構(gòu)電動機(jī)的選擇 22
4.3 曲腿機(jī)構(gòu) 23
4.3.1 曲腿機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理 23
4.3.2 曲腿機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)（圖解法） 25
4.3.3 曲腿機(jī)構(gòu)電動機(jī)的選擇 28
4.4 本章小結(jié) 29
第5章 零件的設(shè)計(jì)和校核 30
5.1 絲杠的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 30
5.1.1 抬背絲杠尺寸的設(shè)計(jì) 30
5.1.2 抬背絲杠的強(qiáng)度校核 30
5.1.3 曲腿絲杠的尺寸設(shè)計(jì) 31
5.2 插桿軸的設(shè)計(jì)和校核 32
5.3 抬背機(jī)構(gòu)中的零件的設(shè)計(jì)和校核 33
5.4 曲腿機(jī)構(gòu)中零件設(shè)計(jì)與校核 35
5.5 本章小結(jié) 37
第6章 多功能床的PRO ENGINEER建模與仿真 38
6.1 Pro/ENGINEER建模 38
6.2 Pro/ENGINEER仿真 42
6.3 本章小結(jié) 43
第7章 設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié) 44
7.1 方案的評價(jià)與成本的估算 44
7.2 多功能床的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn) 44
7.3 設(shè)計(jì)中存在的問題和改進(jìn)建議 45
致謝 46
參考文獻(xiàn) 47
附錄： 48
外文資料與中文翻譯 48
ii
1
外文資料：
Design Of Tool Machine Prop
Research significance
The original knife machine control procedures are designed individually, not used tool management system, features a single comparison, the knife only has to find the tool knife, knife positioning the shortest path, axis tool change, but does not support large-scale tool.
Automatic knife in the knife election, in the computer memory knife-election on the basis of using the Siemens 840 D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its other machine. Automatic tool change systems will be faster growth, reduced tool change time, increase the positioning accuracy tool is an important means to help NC technology development.
Tool and inventory components of modern production is an important link in the management, especially for large workshop management. The traditional way of account management, and low efficiency, high error rate, and not sharing information and data, tools and the use of state can not track the life cycle, are unable to meet the current information management needs. With actual production, we have to establish a workshop tool for the three-dimensional tool storage system to meet the knife workshop with auxiliary storage and management needs.
The system uses optimization technology, a large number of computer storage inventory information, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kinds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical functions.
1.System components and control structure
The entire system, including the structure and electrical machinery control systems.
1.1.1Mechanical structure and working principle
Tool from the stent, drive, drive system, Turret, shielding, control system, and electrical components. Support from the column, beam, the upper and lower guide Central track, and track support component.
1) Drive for the system chosen VVVF method. Cone used brake motors, with VVVF by Cycloid reducer through sprocket drive.
2) Drag a variable frequency drive system and control technology. VVVF adopted, will speed drive shaft in the normal range adjustment to control the speed rotary turret to 5 ~ 30mm in, the drive shaft into two, two under through sprocket, the two profiled rollers Chain driven rotating shelves. Expansion chain adopted by the thread tight regulation swelling, swelling the regular way. - Conditioned, under the same chain-of-conditioning, so that the chain of uniform.
3) Turret and shields the entire total of 14 independent Turret. 13 of them as a socket-Turret, as a drawer-Turret, each Turret back through the pin and, under the conveyor chain link chain plate, installed at the bottom roller, chain driven rotating turret rotation along the track. Outlet-Turret and BT50-BT40 Turret Turret two kinds of forms. To strengthen management, security, landscaping modeling, shelf peripherals and shields. Turret-drawer drawer placed at six other Des Voeux a knife, can be categorized with some of knife auxiliary equipment, such as bits, such as turning tools.
1.1.2.Electrical Control System
This tool storage systems is the main electrical control their shelves for operational control and position control. Operational control equipment, including operation of the start of braking control. Position Control is the main location and address of the shelves for testing. Control system as shown in Figure 1.
圖 1 Tool Control System for the
1) Electric Transmission horizontal rotary tool storage systems are the mechanical movements are repeated short-term work system. And the run-time system needs some speed, speed transmission needs, the system will use VVVF method can be used simple structure, reliable operation of the motor and frequency inverter.
2) Control of the system is divided into two kinds of manual control and automatic control, manual control as a general reserve and debugging methods of work; ways to the system control computer (IPC) and the control unit (inverter contactor , etc.) consisting of a control system.
3) location and positioning accuracy of the system automatically identify the site and location using a detection device as proximity switches, relays through the plate-point isolation and the number plate recorded close to the switching signal acquisition and operation of Hutchison with a Optimal Path addressable identify the current location and shelves of the purpose of the shelf location. In order to enable a more accurate positioning system, adopted two photoelectric switches, to detect the two shelves of the two films.
1.2.The functions of the knife
knife The is the role of reserves a certain number of tools, machine tool spindle in hand to achieve the fungibility a disc cutter knife is the type of library, the chain knives, and other means, in the form of the knife and capacity according to the Machine Tool to determine the scope of the process.
1.3.Common types
The knife is a tool storage devices, the common knife mainly in the following forms:
(1) the turret knife
Including the first level turret vertical turret and the first two, see Figure 2.6 a) and b):
(2) the disc cutter
Disc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. Figure 2.7 a) to c). If the knife storage capacity must be increased to increase the diameter of the knife, then the moment of inertia also increased correspondingly, the election campaign long knife. Tool number not more than 32 general. Cutter was multi-loop order of the space utilization knife, but inevitably given the knife from complex institutions, applicable to the restricted space Machine Tool storage capacity and more occasions. Two-disc structure is two smaller capacity knife on both sides of the sub-spindle place, more compact layout, the number of certificates corresponding increase knife, apply to small and medium-sized processing center.
(3) the chain knife
? Including single-and multi-ring chain ring chain, chain link can take many forms change, see Figure 2.8 a) to c), the basic structure shown in Figure 2. 8 do
Features: knife apply to the larger capacity of the occasion, the space of the small number of generally applicable to the tool in the 30-120. Only increase the length of the chain tool will increase the number should not be increased circumferential speed of its moment of inertia of the knife does not increase the disc as large.
(4) linear combination knife and the knife library
The linear knife simple structure in Figure 2.9, tool single order, the capacity of small knife, used for CNC lathe and drill press on. Because the location of fixed knife, ATC completed action by the spindle without manipulator. The cutter knife is generally the turret combination turret with a combination of the disc cutter knife and the chain combination. Every single knife the knife certificates of smaller, faster tool change. There are also some intensive drum wheel, and the lattice-type magazine for the knife, the knife-intensive though. Small footprint, but because of structural constraints, basically not used for single processing center, the concentration used for FMS for the knife system.
1.4 Tool storage capacity
Tool storage capacity of the first to consider the needs of processing, from the use of point of view, generally 10 to 40 knives, knife will be the utilization of the high, and the structure is compact.
1.5 Tool options
(1) choose to order processing tool according to the order, followed Add to the knife every knife in the Block. Each tool change, the order of rotation of a cutter knife on location, and remove the need knives, has been used by the cutter knife can be returned to the original Block, can also order Add Block, a knife. However, as the knife in the tool in different processes can not be repeated use of the knife must increase the capacity and lower utilization rate.
(2) most of the arbitrary choice of the current system of using arbitrary NC election knives, divided into Daotao coding, coding and memory-cutter, three. Daotao coding tool code or knives or Daotao need to install the code used to identify, in accordance with the general principle of binary coding coding. Tool knife election coding method uses a special knife handle structure, and each of the coding tool. Each of the tool has its own code, thereby cutting tool can be in different processes repeatedly used, not to replace the tool back at the original knife, the knife capacity can be reduced accordingly. Memory-election this paper knife, in this way can knives and knife in the position corresponding to the Daotao memory of the PLC in the NC system, no matter which tool on the Inner knife, tool information is always there in mind, PLC . On the knife with position detection devices, will be the location of each Daotao. This tool can be removed and sent back to arbitrary. On the knife is also a mechanical origin, every election, the nearest knife selection.
1.6. Control of the knife
? (1) the knife as a system to control the positioning axis. In the ladder diagram in accordance with the instructions for computing T code comparison of the output angle and speed of instructions to the knife the knife servo drive servo motor. Tool storage capacity, rotation speed, and / deceleration time, and other system parameters can be set in such a manner free from any outside influence positioning accurate and reliable but the cost is higher.
? (2) knife from the hydraulic motor drives, fast / slow the points, with proximity switches count and positioning. In comparison ladder diagram of the current storage system knife (knife spindle) and goals knife (pre-knife) and computing, then output rotation instructions, judging by the shortest path rotation in place. This approach requires sufficient hydraulic power and electromagnetic valve knife the rotational speed can be adjusted through the throttle. But over time may be oily hydraulic, oil temperature and environmental factors impact the change in velocity and accuracy. Not generally used in large and medium-sized machine tool change frequently.
? (3) the knife from AC asynchronous motor driven cam mechanism (Markov institutions), with proximity switches count, which means stable operation, and generally accurate and reliable positioning cam used in conjunction with a mechanical hand, ATC fast-positioning.
2. ATC, the main types, characteristics, and the scope of application
2.1 Auto Rotary Tool
Rotary Tool automatically on the use of CNC machine tool is a simple installation of automatic tool change, the Quartet and 47.60 Turret Tool various forms, such as rotary turret were installed on four, six or more of the Tool , NC instructions by ATC. Rotary Tool has two vertical and horizontal, relatively simple structure, applicable to economic CNC lathe.
Rotary Tool in the structure must have good strength and stiffness, resistance to bear rough Cutting Tool in the cutting force and reduce the role of deformation and improve processing accuracy. Rotating Tool to choose reliable positioning programme structure and reasonable position, in order to ensure that each rotary turret to a higher position after repeated positioning accuracy (typically 0.001 to 0.005mm). Figure 2.1 shows the spiral movements of the Quartet Turret.
Auto Rotary Tool in the simplest of ATC, is 180 o rotary ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.2 ATC instructions received, the machine control system put ATC spindle control to the designated location at the same time, the tool movement to the appropriate location, ATC, with the rotary axis and at the same time, the knives matching tool; drawbars from Spindle Cutting Tools rip, ATC, will be the tool from their position removed; ATC, 180 o rotary tool spindle and the tool and tool away; ATC, the Rotary At the same time, the tool refocusing its position to accept Spindle removed from the cutting tool; Next, ATC, will be replaced with the cutter knives were unloaded into the spindle and tool: Finally, back to the original ATC, "standby" position. At this point, ATC completed procedures to continue to run. This ATC, the main advantage of simple structure, the less movement, fast tool change. The main disadvantage is that knives must be kept in parallel with the axis of the plane, and after the home side compared to the tool, chip and liquid-cutting knife into the folder, it is necessary to the tool plus protection. Cone knife folder on the chip will cause ATC error, or even damage knife folders, and the possibility of spindle. Some processing centre at the transfer, and the tool side. When the ATC command is called, the transfer-cutter knives will be removed, the machine go forward, and positioning with the ATC, in line with the position. 180 o "Rotary ATC devices can be used horizontal machine, can also be used for vertical machining centers.
2. 2 ATC head-turret installed
With rotating CNC machine tool often used such ATC devices, with a few turret head spindle, each with a spindle on both knives, the first tower interim process can be automatic tool change-realization. The advantage is simple structure, tool change time is short, only about 2 s. However, due to spatial constraints, the number of spindle can not be too much, usually only apply to processes less, not to high precision machine tools, such as the NC drill, such as CNC milling machine. In recent years there has been a mechanical hand and the turret head with a knife for the automatic tool change ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.3. It is in fact a turret head ATC, and the knife-ATC device combination. The principle is as follows:
5 turret on the first two tool spindle 3 and 4, when using the tool spindle 4 processing tool, the manipulator 2 will be the next step to the need for the tool does not work on the tool spindle 3 until after the completion of this process , the first rotary turret 180 o, ATC completed. ATC most of their time and processing time coincidence, the only real tool change time turret transposition of the first time, this approach mainly used for ATC and NC NC drilling file bed.
2. 3.Daidao system for the automatic tool change
Figure 2.4 shows the knife and the whole machine tool CNC machine tools for the appearance of Fig.
? Figure 2.5 shows the knife and split-type machine to the appearance of CNC machine tool plans.
At this point, knife storage capacity, a heavier tool can, and often additional transport unit to complete the knife between the spindle and cutting tool transport.
Daidao the knife from the ATC, the election knives, automatic loading and unloading machine tool and tool exchange institutions (manipulator), composed of four parts, used widely.
Tool Automatic Tool Change the manipulator system, the whole process more complicated ATC. We must first used in the processing of all installed in the standard tool on the knife handle in the machine outside the pre-size, according to a certain way Add to the knife. ATC, selected first in the knife knife, and then from ATC, from the knife from the knife or spindle, exchange, the new knife into the spindle, the old knife back into the knife.
? ATC, as the former two knives to accommodate a limited number can not be too many, can not meet the needs of complex parts machining, CNC machine tool Automatic Tool Change Daidao the use of the automatic tool change devices. The knife has more capacity, both installed in the spindle box side or above. As for the automatic tool change Daidao device CNC machine tool spindle box only a spindle, spindle components to high stiffness to meet the machining requirements. The number of establishments in larger knife, which can meet the more complex parts of the machining processes, significantly improving productivity. Daidao system for the automatic tool change applied to drilling centres and CNC machining centers. The comparison drawn Daidao automatic tool change system is the most promising.
3.PLC control of the knife random mode of election
3. 1Common methods of automatic election knife
Automatic control of the knife CNC refers to the system after the implementation of user instructions on the knife library automation process, including the process to find knives and automatic tool change [(63,71]. CNC Machining Center device (CNC) directive issued by the election knife , a knife, the tool required to take the knife position, said the election automatic knife. automatically elected knife There are two ways: random sequence election knives and knife election method.
3.1.1 order election knife
Tool Selection order is the process tool according to the sequence of the insert knife, the use of knives in order to take place, used knives back at the original knife, can also order Add Block, a knife. In this way, no need Tool identification devices, and drive control is a relatively simple, reliable and can be used directly from the points of the knife machinery to achieve. But the knives in each of the tool in different processes can not be reused, if the tool is installed in accordance with the order of the knife, there will be serious consequences. The need to increase the number of knives and knife the capacity of the tool and reduce the utilization of the knife.
3.1.2Random election knife
Random election under the knife is arbitrary instructions to select the required tools, then there must be tool identification devices. Tool knife in the library do not have the processing in accordance with the order of the workpiece can be arbitrary storage. Each of the tool (or knife blocks) are for a code, automatic tool change, the rotary cutter, every tool have been the "tool identification device" acceptable identification. When CNC tool code and the code in line with directives of the tool selected, the rotary cutter knives will be sent to the ATC position, waiting to grab manipulator. Random knife election is the advantage of the cutter knife in the order has nothing to do with the processing sequence, the same tool can be used repeatedly. Therefore, the relatively small number of knives, knife the corresponding smaller. Random elections knife on the tool must be coded to identify. There are three main coding.
1. Tool coding. Adopt special knife handle structure coding, the drawbars on the knife handle back-end packages such as spacing of the coding part of the lock-nut fixed. Coding diameter ring diameter of a size two, respectively, said that binary "1" and "0" to the two rings are different, can be a series of code. For example, there are six small diameter of the ring can be made to distinguish between 63 (26-1 = 63) of the coding tool. All of 0 normally not allowed to use the code, to avoid the cutter knife Block did not confuse the situation.
2. Knife Block coding. On the knife Block coding, coding tool, and tool into line with the number of knives in the Block. ATC knife when the rotation, so that each knife seats followed through knowledge knife, knife found blocks, knives stopped the rotation. At thi
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