【病毒外文文獻】2008 Prevalence of Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Cats in Bursa (Turkey) by An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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e132 13th International Congress on Infectious Diseases Abstracts Poster Presentations 18 020 Genetic Characterisation of Rabies Viruses from Nigeria M F Ogo 1 L H Nel 1 C T Sabeta 2 1 University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa 2 Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Pretoria South Africa Keywords Molecular epidemiology Rabies Nigeria Glyco protein phylogeny In Nigeria rabies still poses the greatest public and vet erinary health risks similar to other countries in Africa and Asia The disease remains one of the most neglected endemic zoonosis despite the availability of biologicals for its control There is no active surveillance system for the disease in addition underreporting and misdiagnosis are common A study was therefore undertaken to elucidate the molecular epidemiology of rabies in Nigeria A cohort of 100 rabies viruses all recovered from dogs between 1989 and 2007 were included in this investigation The samples were confirmed to be rabies using the direct fluorescent antibody test FAT Reverse transcription and amplification were performed on a partial region of the glycoprotein gene of each of viral RNAs of rabies isolates analysed The PCR products were sequenced and a 592 nucleotide sequence encompassing the cytoplasmic domain of the glycoprotein and the G L intergenic region using the Big Dye Terminator V3 1 cycle sequencing kit Applied Biosystem The phylo genetic analysis demonstrated that the panel of Nigerian rabies viruses were closely related with 93 2 100 sequence identity However despite this close genetic relationships the viruses could be differentiated into one major group of viruses recovered from dogs from the North Central states of Nigeria and the other two from the from the North East and South West regions respectively The implication of the data on control of rabies in Nigeria will be discussed doi 10 1016 j ijid 2008 05 328 18 021 Bacterial Causes of Ovine Abortion and Neonatal Mortality in Iran M H Rad Z Naseri School of Veterinary Medicine Ferdowsi University of Mash had Mashhad Iran Islamic Republic of Background Abortion and prenatal lamb mortality is the major cause in lowering of productivity of sheep The objec tives of the present study were to explore the problem in lambs in Iran and to identify the causal bacteria Methods During a one year survey a total of 45 aborted fetuses and 47 neonatal deaths from different farms were examined to determine the bacterial causes Tissues were collected aseptically for microbiologic examination Routine examination included aerobic and micro aerobic culturing of lung liver and stomach content New diagnostic assays such as PCR was added to standard protocol for confirming Salmonella isolates by detecting invA gene which are specific for Salmonella Results Bacterial agents were diagnosed on the basis of isolating an organism from several fetal tissues in pure or nearly pure culture Bacterial agents associ ated with inflammatory reaction were detected in 16 cases of aborted fetus 35 56 and 17 cases of neona tal death 36 17 Bacteria responsible for abortion were Salmonella spp 9 Brucella melitensis 4 5 Campy lobacter fetus subsp fetus 4 5 Moraxella spp 4 5 Escherichia coli 4 5 Corynebacterium spp 4 5 Bac teria responsible for neonatal mortality were Salmonella spp 8 5 Escherichia coli 8 5 Pasteurella multocida 6 4 Mannheimia haemolytica 6 4 Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus 4 25 and Brucella melitensis 2 12 Conclusion Salmonella spp was the most frequent bac terial species identified as cause of abortion and neonatal mortality in lambs in Khorasan province of Iran We found other organisms in pure culture with low virulence related to abortion and neonatal deaths Because of suppression of immune reaction at the junction of the fetal and mater nal placentas any infectious agent that is able to reach the junction of the maternal and fetal placentas could be free to multiply and cause lesions unhindered by immune reac tion Under these immunologic conditions bacteria of low virulence may cause abortion and neonatal deaths doi 10 1016 j ijid 2008 05 329 18 022 Prevalence of Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Cats in Bursa Turkey by An Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay A Pratelli 1 K Yesilbag 2 E Yalc in 3 Z Yilmaz 4 1 Department of Public Health and Zootechnics Valenzano Bari Italy 2 Departments of Virology Uluda Bursa Turkey 3 Departments of Internal Medicine Uluda Bursa Turkey 4 Department of Internal Medicine Uluda Bursa Turkey Since feline coronavirus FCoVs are ubiquitous pathogens the seroprevalence was studied to monitor infection in Turkey One hundred sera collected from cats belonging to catteries or community shelters and to households were tested The VN test was performed and compared with ELISA Each sample was heat inactivated and serial two fold dilutions starting from 1 2 were mixed with 100TCID50 50H9262l of FCoV type II strain 25 92 Subse quently freshly trypsinized CRFK cells were added and the plates were incubated at 37 C for 96 h The VN antibody titer was expressed as the reciprocal of the highest serum dilution that completely inhibited viral cytopathic effect Microtiter NUNC polysorp immunoplates were coated with 25H9262g ml of FCoV type II antigen purified whole virus and incubated overnight at 4 C with shaking Each serum diluted 1 50 was added and the plates were incubated for 90 min at 37 C Rabbit anti cat IgG was added and then freshly prepared substrates were used The OD were determined at 405 nm The results were compared using the Cohen s kappa test for agreement and repeatability The VN revealed 79 sera as negative and 21 as positive The negative sera were subsequently examined by ELISA which confirmed 74 as negative while 5 resulted positive These 74 negative sera were also found to be free of FCoVs specific antibodies by western blotting Using the VN test as the gold standard test ELISA had a sensitivity of 100 and 13th International Congress on Infectious Diseases Abstracts Poster Presentations e133 a specificity of 93 6 with an overall agreement of 95 Kappa test indicated high association between the two test 0 86 The positive predicted value PPV was 0 8 and the negative predicted value NPV was 0 93 ELISA proved to be a sensitive test Considering the cross reactivity between the two serotypes ELISA was able to detect antibodies against both allowing the use of the assay as a reference test for sera screening doi 10 1016 j ijid 2008 05 330 18 023 Seroprevalence of avian influenza A H5N1 among poultry farmers in rural Indonesia M Robert Du Ry van Beest Holle 1 V Setiawaty 2 M Kivi 3 K Pangesti 2 A Bouma 4 A J Nell 5 E Sedyaningsih 2 1 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM Centre for Infectious Disease Control Epidemiology and Surveillance Bilthoven Netherlands 2 National Institute for Health Research and Development NIHRD Jakarta Indonesia 3 European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Train ing EPIET National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM Centre for Infectious Disease Control Epidemiology and Surveillance Bilthoven Netherlands 4 Utrecht University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht Netherlands 5 Wageningen University and Research Centre Wageningen International Wageningen Netherlands Background Since 2003 about a third 100 cases of human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI A H5N1 worldwide are reported from Indonesia There is concern for viral reassortment and a pandemic Sero prevalence studies that may reveal unrecognized cases are lacking We aimed to measure H5N1 seroprevalence among poultry farmers in rural Indonesia Methods The present cross sectional study is an exten sion of an agricultural HPAI project by Dutch and Indonesian Ministries who recruited 12 farms in a postulated endemic area in West Java In 2007 poultry workers and farm res idents were interviewed about possible risk factors H5N1 serostatus was determined by hemagglutination inhibition tests by NIHRD Jakarta and neutralization tests by NIID Tokyo Results In the 12 farms 495 of 622 80 farmers participated Of these 95 lived on the farm 71 were male and median age was 29 years interquartile range 23 36 years In the previous six months confirmation of H5N1 in poultry was available for one farm Masks were never worn by 54 of participants Eighty six per cent were afraid to become infected Fever cough and shortness of breath were reported as not being a symp tom by 23 31 and 33 Validation of serological tests is pending Conclusions Validation of serological tests is pend ing These results influence the rationale for concern for frequent mild infections in poultry farmers Incomplete evi dence for H5N1 in the poultry sheds doubt on the H5N1 exposure In light of the severity of human HPAI infection and the risk of a pandemic we recommend to sustain ongo ing efforts to educate poultry farmers about HPAI prevention and symptoms doi 10 1016 j ijid 2008 05 331 18 024 Seroresponse Against Avian Influenza A H5N1 Among Poultry Workers in Jakarta V Setiawaty 1 M Robert Du Ry van Beest Holle 2 K N A Pangesti 1 M Kivi 3 S Isfandari 1 E Sedyaningsih 1 1 National Institute for Health Research and Development NIHRD Jakarta Indonesia 2 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM Centre for Infectious Disease Control Epidemiology and Surveillance Bilthoven Netherlands 3 European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Train ing EPIET National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM Centre for Infectious Disease Control Epidemiology and Surveillance Bilthoven Netherlands Background Since 2005 Indonesia has reported more than 100 human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI A H5N1 Cases were typically associated with poultry exposure and 20 were from Jakarta Human infections raise concern for viral adaptation to humans and a pandemic Seroprevalence studies that may reveal additional unrecog nised mild infections are lacking We aimed to measure H5N1 seroresponse and identify associated determinants among poultry workers in Jakarta Methods This cross sectional study was an extension of an agricultural HPAI project by Dutch and Indonesian Ministries We approached 40 collector houses in Jakarta where poultry is channelled from the countryside to mar kets Collector house poultry workers contributed blood for H5N1 serological testing and were interviewed about pos sible determinants H5N1 seroresponse was measured by hemagglutination inhibition tests at NIHRD Jakarta and neu tralization tests at NIID Tokyo Results In 34 of 40 collector houses 218 of 276 79 workers participated Of these 206 of 218 94 lived in or next doors to the collector houses 206 of 218 94 were male and the median age was 29 years interquartile range 24 37 years Validation of serological tests is pending Conclusions Validation of serological tests is pending These results influence the rationale for concern for fre quent mild infections in poultry farmers If seroresponse is confirmed this finding highlights the importance of ongoing HPAI education efforts among poultry workers doi 10 1016 j ijid 2008 05 332