2019年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò) 考點(diǎn)18 -ed分詞（含解析）.doc

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考點(diǎn)18 -ed分詞 高考頻度：★★★★★ 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一般是由動(dòng)詞加ed構(gòu)成(具體規(guī)則見(jiàn)后)，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。過(guò)去分詞則屬于類(lèi)動(dòng)詞 1. 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，不但表示被動(dòng)，還表示已完成了。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 2. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，只表示動(dòng)作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 3. 有些過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 考向一 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)分為前置和后置兩種情況。 1．前置定語(yǔ) 單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，通常放在被修飾的名詞之前。由及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示＂被動(dòng)和完成＂含義，或只具有＂被動(dòng)＂含義；由不及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，只表＂完成＂含義。 （1）被動(dòng)和完成含義： ?We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。 （2）被動(dòng)含義： ?She is a respected teacher.她是一位受人尊敬的老師。 （3）完成含義： ?They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他們正在打掃院子里的落葉。 2.后置定語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在所修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 ?This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (＝that has ever been written). 這將是這類(lèi)小說(shuō)中寫(xiě)得最好的。 ?Who were the socalled guests invited (＝who had been invited) to your party last night？ 昨晚被邀請(qǐng)參加你的晚會(huì)的那些所謂的客人是誰(shuí)呀？ ?Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 昨天我買(mǎi)了一本外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社出版的書(shū)。 【易混辨析】 (1)過(guò)去分詞如果表示一種強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)作含義，單獨(dú)使用也可以放在名詞的后面。 ?The experience gained will be of great value to us. 取得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我們很有價(jià)值。 ?By the end of the year，the total money collected had e to 92 million dollars， all of which were sent to Africa. 到年底為止，籌集到的全部資金達(dá)到了9,200多萬(wàn)元，所有這些錢(qián)全都送往非洲了。 (2)由過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的合成詞也可作定語(yǔ)。 ?The air-conditioned rooms are very fortable in hot summer. 在炎熱的夏天，裝空調(diào)的房間非常舒服。 ?The newly-built building is our office building. 這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓。 (3)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號(hào)與其所修飾的詞分開(kāi))兩種，其作用相當(dāng)于限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 ?The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless. 籌集的資金主要用于幫助那些無(wú)家可歸者。 ?This book，(which is)written in simple English，is suitable for beginners to read. 這本書(shū)是使用淺顯的英文寫(xiě)的，適合初學(xué)者閱讀。 ?The concert (which/that was) given by their friends was a success. 他們朋友舉行的音樂(lè)會(huì)大為成功。 ?The meeting，(which was) attended by over five thousand people，weled the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì)，到會(huì)的有五千多人。 (4)用來(lái)修飾人的過(guò)去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過(guò)去分詞在形式上雖 不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人有關(guān)。 ?The boy looked up with a pleased expression.那男孩帶著滿(mǎn)意的表情舉目而視。 ?He spoke with a frightened look.他說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)顯得非常恐懼。 【易混辨析】 (1)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明所修飾的名詞的用途。 ?No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.閱覽室里不準(zhǔn)大聲說(shuō)話(huà)。 ?There is a swimming pool in our school.我們學(xué)校有一個(gè)游泳池。 (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，通常放在所修飾的名詞前面；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)則放在所修飾的名詞后面，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 ?He is a promising young man.他是一個(gè)很有前途的青年。 ?Do you know the woman(who is)sitting at the end of the room？ 你認(rèn)識(shí)坐在房間后面的那位婦女嗎？ ?We must keep a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now. 對(duì)于現(xiàn)在所討論的事情，我們必須保守秘密。 (3)不定式作定語(yǔ)，位于所修飾的詞后，通常表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能采用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。此外，作定語(yǔ)的不定式與所修飾的詞之間存在邏輯上的＂主謂＂、＂動(dòng)賓＂或＂同位＂三種關(guān)系。如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加相應(yīng)的介詞。 ?Our monitor is the first to arrive.我們的班長(zhǎng)是第一個(gè)到達(dá)的人。(主謂關(guān)系) ?The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is of great importance. 明天會(huì)議上將要討論的問(wèn)題非常重要。(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系) ?I have a lot of work to do.我有許多事要做。(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系) ?Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. 他們放棄這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的決定使我們吃驚。(同位關(guān)系) ?They have no happiness to speak of.他們沒(méi)有什么幸?？裳浴? 1.(2017北京卷) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ with his students. A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 【參考答案】D 2.（2016江蘇卷）In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________within the work. A.to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden 【參考答案】B 【答案解析】本句中名詞短語(yǔ)a secret message與動(dòng)詞hide構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)hidden within the work在句中作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞短語(yǔ)a secret message，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句that is hidden within the work。AC項(xiàng)表示主動(dòng)含義，D項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行，與語(yǔ)境不符。故B正確。 考向二 過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表示＂被動(dòng)和完成＂含義，或僅僅表示＂狀態(tài)＂。 1.表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))(see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等) ?I have never heard the song sung in my school.我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)這首歌在我們學(xué)校唱過(guò)。 ?He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看到電視機(jī)被搬到屋子外面了。 2.表示＂使役＂意義的動(dòng)詞(have，make，get，keep，leave等) ?I had my leg broken in the football game.我的腿在足球賽中摔壞了。 ?The reporters keep us informed of the results of the games. 記者不斷地告知我們比賽結(jié)果。 3.表示＂希望＂、＂要求＂意義的動(dòng)詞(like，order，want，wish，expect等后用過(guò)去分詞或在過(guò)去分詞前＋to be) ?Everyone wishes the matter(to be) settled as soon as possible. 人人都希望這件事情盡快解決。 ?I want my house(to be)pleted before the national day. 我想讓我的房子在國(guó)慶節(jié)前完工。 易混辨析 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 由延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示過(guò)程的一部分；而由瞬間性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)。 ?I heard her singing when I passed by her room. 我路過(guò)她房間時(shí)，聽(tīng)到她正在唱歌。(動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者) ?I found the topic being discussed everywhere then. 那時(shí)我發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?cè)诘教幷務(wù)撨@個(gè)話(huà)題。(動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者) ?Are you listening to them quarrelling？ 你在聽(tīng)他們吵架嗎？(動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者) ?His remarks set me thinking. 他的話(huà)引起了我的深思。 (動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者) ?The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我們嚇得東奔西逃。 (動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者) (2)不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) ①不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程或者是動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束。 ?Did you notice him leave the house？你看到他離開(kāi)房間了嗎？ ?I heard her say so.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她是這么說(shuō)的。 ②某些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此類(lèi)短語(yǔ)有：call on，rely on，depend on，wait for，long for，vote for等。 ?You can depend on her to be late.可以擔(dān)保她必定遲到。 ?We are longing for the holiday to e.我們渴望著假日的到來(lái)。 ③動(dòng)詞think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等詞后面，常接＂to be＋形容詞(名詞或反身代詞)＂結(jié)構(gòu)。 ?He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe. 人們認(rèn)為他是歐洲最大的富翁之一。 ?Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有錢(qián)，又有名的情況。 1.(2018天津卷單項(xiàng)填空)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take 【參考答案】B 2. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother_____ good care of at home. A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken 【參考答案】B 【答案解析】句意：在非洲醫(yī)療援助兩年回來(lái)后，Dr. Lee很高興看見(jiàn)媽媽被照顧得很好。his mother和take care of是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以選B。 考向三 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的背景或狀況。其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ)，且與主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的＂動(dòng)賓關(guān)系＂或在邏輯上構(gòu)成＂系表結(jié)構(gòu)＂。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句中擔(dān)任條件狀語(yǔ)，原因狀語(yǔ)以及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句首；擔(dān)任伴隨狀語(yǔ)或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句末；擔(dān)任方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般位于句末，有時(shí)也可位于句首；擔(dān)任讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般位于句首，有時(shí)也可位于句末。 一、過(guò)去分詞擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的語(yǔ)法功能 1. 原因狀語(yǔ) ?Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨，所以他全身濕透了。 ?Frightened by the noise in the night，the girl didn’t dare sleep in her room. 被夜晚的響聲驚嚇，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房間里了。 2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ?Asked why he did it，the monitor said it was his duty.當(dāng)被問(wèn)及為何要做這件事時(shí)，班長(zhǎng)說(shuō)這是他的職責(zé)。 ?Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless.在黑暗走近時(shí)，那些電燈顯得孤單而無(wú)意義。 3. 條件狀語(yǔ)和假設(shè)狀語(yǔ) ?Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。 ?Given better attention，the accident could have been avoided.要是多加注意，那次事故就可以避免了。 4. 方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ) ?Surrounded by his students，the professor sat there cheerfully.那位教授在學(xué)生們的簇?fù)硐?，興高采烈地坐在那兒。 ?He stood there silently，moved to tears.他靜靜地站在那里，被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶。 5. 讓步狀語(yǔ) ?Beaten by the police，sent to jail，Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance. 盡管受警察的毆打，被投入監(jiān)牢，甘地卻首創(chuàng)了非暴力抵抗的原則。 ?Defeated again，we did not lose heart.盡管再次被擊敗，但我們沒(méi)有灰心。 6. 獨(dú)立成分(插入語(yǔ)) ?Given good weather，our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening. 假如天氣好，我們的船將于星期一晚上到達(dá)上海。 ?Put frankly，I don’t agree with what he said.坦白地說(shuō)，我不同意他所說(shuō)的話(huà)。 二、與狀語(yǔ)從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 1. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為when，while或after等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。 ?Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful. →When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful. 從山上往下看，這座公園看起來(lái)更加漂亮。 2. 作條件狀語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if，once或unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。 ?Given more time，she would certainly have done much better. →If she had been given more time，she would certainly have done much better. 如果有更多時(shí)間的話(huà)，她一定會(huì)干得更好些。 3. 作原因狀語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為as，since或because等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。 ?The children，exhausted，fell asleep at once. →As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once. 由于勞累，孩子們很快就睡著了。 4. 作讓步狀語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為although，though或even if等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。 ?Although exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey. →Although we were exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey. 我們雖然爬得很累，但我們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)我們的旅程。 5. 作方式狀語(yǔ)，如有連詞as if，就轉(zhuǎn)換為as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句；若無(wú)連詞，則轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 ?He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. →He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起來(lái)，好像被蛇咬了。 6. 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 ?Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter. →Aunt Wu came in，and(she)was followed by her daughter. 吳大娘走進(jìn)來(lái)，(她)后面跟著她的女兒。 【知識(shí)拓展】 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)在＂邏輯＂方面的差異： 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間通常構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 ?Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.如果對(duì)這些樹(shù)多關(guān)心一些，它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。 ?Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)在＂時(shí)間＂方面的差異： 過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，或表示一種狀態(tài)，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)＂主動(dòng)＂動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動(dòng)式(having been done)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)＂被動(dòng)＂動(dòng)作，常常和表示次數(shù)的短語(yǔ)以及時(shí)間段(for短語(yǔ))連用，此時(shí)不能被過(guò)去分詞所替換。在其他情況下通常被過(guò)去分詞所替換，從而使句式更簡(jiǎn)潔。 ?Written in a hurry，this article was not so good！因?yàn)閷?xiě)得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好！ ?Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔細(xì)讀書(shū)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。 ?Having been discussed several times，the decision was finally made.進(jìn)行了幾次討論之后，終于作出了決定。 3. 部分過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示 ＂被動(dòng)關(guān)系＂，其前不用being。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：lost(陷入某種狀態(tài))；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(駐扎)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in(穿著)；tired of(厭煩)等。 ?Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn’t hear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，所以他沒(méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音。 ?Faced with difficulties，we must try to overe them.在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。 4. 過(guò)去分詞用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面往往帶有when，if，while，though，even if等連詞，這樣就能使過(guò)去分詞所表示的意義更加明確。這種帶有連詞的過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)通?？煽醋魇且环N省略句，句中省略的部分總是＂主語(yǔ)＋be的相應(yīng)變化形式＂，省略的主語(yǔ)通常與主句的主語(yǔ)相同。 ?When given a medical examination，you should keep calm.當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。 ?Although exhausted by the climb，he continued his journey.他雖然爬得很累，但他仍繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。 5. 分詞(短語(yǔ)) 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯上的主語(yǔ)要與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致；否則分詞(短語(yǔ))就要有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)(用名詞或代詞的主格來(lái)表示)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常放在句首。表示時(shí)間、條件、原因時(shí)，其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間、條件、原因狀語(yǔ)從句。表示伴隨方式時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句。 ?The signal given，the bus started.信號(hào)一發(fā)出，汽車(chē)就開(kāi)動(dòng)了。 ?The football match(being) over，crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球賽一結(jié)束，人群便涌到大街上。 6. 不定式與分詞擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的差異： （1）不定式在句中可以擔(dān)任目的狀語(yǔ)，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)(出乎意料的結(jié)果)以及原因狀語(yǔ)(通常后置)。 ?To make himself heard，he raised his voice.為了被聽(tīng)清楚，他提高了嗓門(mén)。 ?He hurried home，only to find his money stolen.他匆忙趕到家中，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)錢(qián)被盜了。 ?All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress.他的進(jìn)步，我們都很吃驚。 （2）分詞在句中可以擔(dān)任除目的狀語(yǔ)以外的其他形式的狀語(yǔ)。 ?Seen from the top of the hill，the town is beautiful.從山上看，這座城鎮(zhèn)很美。 ?Defeated，he remained a popular boxer.雖然被擊敗了，但他仍然是一位受歡迎的拳擊手。 ?The guests entered the office，acpanied by the manager.客人們?cè)诮?jīng)理的陪同下進(jìn)了辦公室。 1.(2018北京卷單項(xiàng)填空) Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use 【參考答案】A 【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果正確使用的話(huà)，普通的肥皂可以有效地處理細(xì)菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是條件狀語(yǔ)，修飾ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞，A選項(xiàng)正確。 2.________in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded 【參考答案】 C 考向四 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，通常表示主語(yǔ)所處的一種狀態(tài)。 ?His colleagues were surprised at his absurd behaviour.同事們對(duì)他那荒誕的行為感到吃驚。 ?The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.這座城市三面環(huán)山。 ?The door remained locked.門(mén)仍然鎖著。 ?She looked disappointed.她看上去很失望。 【易混辨析】 (1)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，解釋或說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。此時(shí)，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)位置通?？梢曰Q。 ?Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. 我們的職責(zé)是全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。 ?What they are worried about is being left behind. 他們所擔(dān)心的是別被落在后面。 (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，特征或?qū)傩?；此時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞與主語(yǔ)(往往 是物)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，譯作＂令/使人……的＂。 ?The news was exciting and we were all excited. 消息令人興奮，我們都很激動(dòng)。 ?He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。 (3)不定式作表語(yǔ)，一般緊跟在系動(dòng)詞be，seem，remain，appear，get的后面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明或解釋主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為名詞dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty時(shí)，表語(yǔ)通常采用不定式，不用動(dòng)名詞。此時(shí)，不定式通常強(qiáng)調(diào)具體某次動(dòng)作以及將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 ?The aim is not just to keep busy.其目的不僅是為了使每個(gè)人不閑著。 ?He appears to want to leave.他看來(lái)要走。 For those with family members far away, the personal puter and the phone are important in staying ________. A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected 【參考答案】 A 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) I.用所給詞的正確形式填空 1.Do you know the man with his hair ________ (tie) back? 2.— How are the team playing? — They’re playing well, but one of them got ________ (hurt). 3.The stewardess asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ (seat) as the plane was about to land. 4.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ________ (know) only to people with special knowledge. 5.Get your answers ________ (check) before you hand in the papers. 6.She returned to the shop the following morning ________ (dress) in a woolen coat，with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. 7.________(satisfy) with her reply，Telemachus first set out for the island of the Cyclops to seek news of Odysseus. 8.________(hesitate) whether to leave or not，the man stayed where he was. 9.________(warn) many times，they became more careful in doing the job. 10.________(seize) the letter from the boy，Maggie ran away at once. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.We should be kept ________________(被告知) the latest news if we don’t want to fall behind. (inform) 2.He failed ________________(使得他自己被理解) by his teammates. (understand) 3.________________(留下深刻印象) the hardworking boy，Julia made up her mind to devote herself to science.(impress) 4.The general manager would like to see the plan ________________(被執(zhí)行) by the end of the year.(carry) 5.________________(被吸引) the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.(attract) 6.Sarah，hurry up.I’m afraid you can’t have time ________________(換好衣服) before the party.(get) 7.After his journey abroad，Richard Jones returned home，________________(筋疲力盡). (exhaust) 8.________________(在山里迷路) for a week，the two students were finally saved by the local police.(lose) 9.________________(被投入使用) in April 2015, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.(put) 10.________________(和……比較) the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(pare) 題組二能力提升 語(yǔ)法填空 To many people, video gaming is their hobby. Have you ever been so ____1___ (absorb) in a video game as to forget sleep and meals？puter game ___2____ (design) often create interesting video games to tempt players to keep playing. These days，many employees play video games at work even ___3____ their employers have set rules to stop them from doing so. As a matter of fact，video game addiction is regarded as harmful，just like addiction ____4____ drugs，alcohol，or gambling，and should be treated with care. In the place ___5____ people work，addicted players are often seen as lazy，not sick；their bosses are not sympathetic to their addiction. If they have been caught several times ___6____ (play) video games at work，their salary may be cut，and even ___7___ (bad)，they may lose their jobs. In some panies，the addicted players ___8___ (allow) to play video games only on stressful days，but their bosses will check their puters from time to time to make sure ____9____ they are doing their work. However，while some panies continue to find some methods of preventing workday playing，addicted players still have ___10___ (they) own ways to enjoy playing video games during working hours. 題組三體驗(yàn)真題 1.（2018新課標(biāo)III卷語(yǔ)法填空）The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel____65____(challenge). 2.（2016浙江卷）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study _________in Australia in 2012. A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted 3.（2016北京卷）______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered 4.（2014湖南卷）Children，when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. A. to be acpanied B. to acpany C. acpanying D. acpanied 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) I.用所給詞的正確形式填空 1. tied 2. hurt 3. seated 4. known 5. checked 6.dressed 7.Satisfied 8.Hesitating 9.Having been warned 10.Having seized Ⅱ.完成句子 1.informed of 2.to make himself understood 3.Impressed by 4.carried out 5.Attracted by 6.to get changed 7.exhausted 8.Lost in the mountain 9.Put into use 10.pared with 題組二能力提升 語(yǔ)法填空 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 本文是一篇議論文。玩電子游戲是很多人的愛(ài)好，有的人甚至為此廢寢忘食。一些上班族在工作的時(shí)候也禁不住誘惑，偷偷地玩電子游戲，這給他們的老板帶來(lái)了困擾，于是老板們想方設(shè)法阻止員工玩游戲。 1.【解析】根據(jù)句意＂你曾經(jīng)也沉溺于電子游戲以至于廢寢忘食嗎？＂可知，題干考查的是短語(yǔ)be absorbed in，意為＂沉浸于，沉溺于＂。故空格處填absorbed。 【答案】absorbed 4.【解析】空格前的＂addiction＂是關(guān)鍵詞，由此結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，題干考查的是短語(yǔ)＂addiction to...＂，意為＂沉迷于……＂，為固定用法。故空格處填to。 【答案】to 5.【解析】＂________people work＂是定語(yǔ)從句，place是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where作為引導(dǎo)詞。故空格處填where。 【答案】where 6.【解析】結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，題干考查的是固定用法catch sb. doing sth.，意為＂撞見(jiàn)或抓住某人正在做某事＂，其被動(dòng)形式為sb.be caught doing sth.。故空格處填寫(xiě)playing，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 【答案】playing 7.【解析】根據(jù)空格前的＂their salary may be cut，and even＂可知，此處表示比扣薪水更嚴(yán)重的懲罰，由此可知，題干考查的是bad的比較級(jí)形式。故空格處填worse。 【答案】worse 8.【解析】結(jié)合句意＂一些公司只允許員工在壓力比較大的時(shí)候玩電子游戲＂可知，主語(yǔ)＂the addicted players＂與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞allow之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系；由全文時(shí)態(tài)可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故空格處填are allowed。 【答案】are allowed 9.【解析】空格處引導(dǎo)從句，作＂make sure＂的賓語(yǔ)，且該從句不缺成分，故用that引導(dǎo)該賓語(yǔ)從句。故空格處填that。 【答案】that 10.【解析】結(jié)合句意及空格后的＂own ways＂可知，空格處應(yīng)使用提示詞的形容詞性物主代詞形式their。their own ways意為＂他們自己的方法＂。故空格處填their。 【答案】their 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1. looking；challenged 【解析】動(dòng)詞avoid后要加doing。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示不直視他的眼睛，他就不會(huì)感到被挑戰(zhàn)性。feel為系動(dòng)詞，表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”，用過(guò)去分詞challenged。 3. D 【解析】句意：(因?yàn)?那些書(shū)是一周多之前訂的，現(xiàn)在隨時(shí)有可能送到。Books和order是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即order books/books are ordered，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成，在此相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句because they were ordered...，故選D。 4. D 【解析】句中的邏輯主語(yǔ)為children，與acpany之間為被動(dòng)意義上的關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句意：當(dāng)有父母陪伴的時(shí)候，孩子們是允許進(jìn)入體育館的。故D正確。