2019屆高考英語一輪復習 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars單元學案 新人教版必修3.doc

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Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 單元基礎詞匯語法回顧 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Their education ________ (體系) was perfect. 2．I hope you will recover soon under this enjoyable ______(氣候)． 3．He felt ________(鼓勵)by the progress he had made. 4．The manager doesnt ________(允許)us to use the puter. 5．The news that they were defeated ________(傳遍)to the capital. 6．Tornadoes are ________ (猛烈的)whirlwinds which vary in their width from a few yards to 1,300 feet. 7．The small boat was ________(漂浮)on the surface of the water. 8．A great ________(塊)of rock had fallen from the cliff and now blocked the road. 9．From these observations we conclude that the moon has little or no ________(大氣層)． 10．These kittens look exactly ________(一樣的). Can you tell them apart? 答案 1．system　2.climate　3.encouraged　4.allow　5.spread 6．violent　7.floating　8.block　9.atmosphere　10.alike Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．She is a very ________ (religion) person who goes to church every Sunday. 2．This kind of plants has been in ________ (exist) for millions of years. 3．Ive been ________ (puzzle) over all the figures, trying to find what happened to the missing money. 4．We live in a ________ (globe) village, but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way. 5．Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use ________ (violent) whatever happens. 6．Reading in the sun is ________ (harm) to your eyes. 7．The wind is blowing ________ (gentle)． 8．It was my friends who gave me a great deal of __________ (encourage)． 9．The desertification accounted for good farmlands ________ (disappear)． 10．Her teacher pointed out her mistake with __________ (patient)． 11．The boy was lucky enough to escape ________ ( punish) by telling a lie. 12．Over the past five years Tom ________ (go) through a lot of hardships. 13．When Im feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me ________. 14．He described the three ways ________ the problem could be solved. 15．Only by practising time and time again can you get the hang ________ the grammar rules. 16．She married at 25 and gave birth ________ her first child shortly after. 17．Tom got up late, thus ________ (miss) the early bus. 18．Last night a fire broke ________ in the hotel across the street. 19．The fireworks exploded ________ all directions. 20．This garden is three times ________ big as that one. 答案 1．religious　2.existence　3.puzzling　4.global 5．violence　6.harmful　7.gently　8.encouragement 9．disappearance　10.patience　11.being punished 12．has gone　13.up　14.that　15.of　16.to　17.missing 18．out　19.in　20.as Ⅲ.單句改錯 1．There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.________ 2．The problem of pollution is worth paying attention.________ 3．This is such interesting a film that I have seen it twice.________ 4．When people in the room heard someone crying“Fire! Fire！”they were seized by panic and began to run towards all directions.________ 5．Teachers can help them learn to take risks in an atmosphere that they feel confident about doing so.________ 6．Because there is no air or wind on the moon, the footprints may stay there for million of years.________ 答案 1．many改為much　2.attention后加to　3.such改為so 4．towards改為in　5.that改為where 6．million改為millions Ⅳ.語法填空 Visitors to Britain may find the best place __1__ enjoy local culture is in a traditional pub. But newers may get into trouble in these friendly pubs. Strangers may start with the difficulty of getting a drink. Most pubs have no waiters—you have to go to the bar (吧臺) to buy drinks. This may sound __2__ (convenient), but English people are used to doing so. Pub culture is formed __3__ (help) people get along with each other. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others __4__ (wait) for drinks. The bar counter is __5__ (possible) the only place in Britain __6__ a friendly conversation with strangers __7__ (consider) to be entirely proper and really quite normal, __8__， if you do not follow the local rules, you may fail to feel the local culture. For example, if you are in a big group, __9__ is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff __10__ (angry) than a group of strangers standing in front of the bar while they chat and wonder what to order. 答案 1．to　2.inconvenient　3.to help　4.waiting　5.possibly 6．where　7.is considered　8.however　9.it　10.angrier Ⅴ.短文改錯 A few days ago when taking the walk with my mother in the park, I came across a foreigner. Judged by his puzzled expression, I thought he might in need of help. So I went up and asked whether I could help him in English. He told me he had got lost. He had turned to several passerby for help, and they couldnt speak English. Then he told me his destination. Fortunately, I was quite familiar to the place. In order to make myself understand, I told him how to go there as clear as possible. Although it was the first time that I have talked to a foreigner face to face he totally understood what I said and thanked for me. 答案 A few days ago when taking walk with my mother in the park, I came across a foreigner. by his puzzled expression, I thought he might in need of help. So I went up and asked whether I could help him in English. He told me he had got lost. He had turned to several for help, they couldnt speak English. Then he told me his destination. Fortunately, I was quite familiar the place. In order to make myself ， I told him how to go there as as possible. Although it was the first time that I talked to a foreigner face to face he totally understood what I said and thanked me. 單元能力訓練與技巧指導 Ⅰ.完形填空 It was an unforgettable weekend.I had a great time at the __1__.However, after I arrived home, I noticed my owl necklace was __2__.I was so anxious that I __3__ every room in the house, but my efforts were __4__ vain.Then I decided to head back to the beach.My husband thought I was __5__， as the huge beach was nine miles from our home.How could I __6__ one tiny necklace? What if it came off in the ocean? I was __7__ to even consider that as a possibility.I knew I had to try. After searching for several hours at the beach, I __8__ an elderly man with a metal detector (探測器) in his hand.I __9__ up to him and asked whether he had e across a necklace.He opened his hand and showed me his __10__ — some coins.He said if he saw my necklace he would __11__ return it to me.I also wanted him to have enough __12__ to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address.Then I left. My husband __13__ me and said that he would buy me a new one.But I turned down his nice __14__， as that necklace couldnt be __15__.It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that __16__ necklace.There had been a yard sale in my munity.Among the things that were put on __17__ he found the necklace.Unable to __18__ it, my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner as a(n) __19__. Unexpectedly, three days later, I received a package.Inside were a $5 bill and my owl necklace.The moment I saw the necklace, I couldnt help __20__. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述作者在沙灘上把自己的項鏈丟失了，然后又回到沙灘上找，沒有找到，最后被一個老人找到并寄給作者的故事。 1．A.campus　　　　　　　　 B．beach C．library D．museum 解析：選B　根據(jù)下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，這里應該指的是在沙灘上。 2．A.broken B．stolen C．lost D．disappearing 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文作者后來又去沙灘上找項鏈可知，此處應指項鏈丟失了，lost“丟失的”，符合文意。 3．A.searched B．cleaned C．occupied D．measured 解析：選A　根據(jù)上下文可知，項鏈丟失了，此處應該是在家里找。search表示“尋找”，符合語境。 4．A.for B．with C．in D．a(chǎn)t 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，在家里沒有找到。in vain表示“徒勞，白費功夫”，符合語境。 5．A.curious B．a(chǎn)nxious C．careless D．crazy 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文的“as the huge beach was nine miles from our home”可知，沙灘很大并且離家那么遠，故在作者決定去沙灘尋找項鏈時，丈夫認為作者發(fā)瘋了。 6．A.find out B．locate C．describe D．observe 解析：選B　此處表示在一個沙灘上找一個微小的東西。locate表示“確定……的位置，定位”，符合語境，故選B項。 7．A.unable B．eager C．prepared D．unwilling 解析：選D　前一句說項鏈有可能掉進了海里，這樣的話，項鏈就不能找到了，作者顯然是不愿意這種情況發(fā)生的，所以選D項。 8．A.rescued B．noticed C．a(chǎn)dmired D．hired 解析：選B　作者尋找了幾個小時后，不經(jīng)意間看到(noticed)一個手里拿著金屬探測器的老人。 9．A.raced B．walked C．crawled D．a(chǎn)pproached 解析：選A　根據(jù)上下文可知，作者急切地想找到項鏈，所以跑向了老人。race“快速移動”。 10．A.achievement B．equipment C．charge D．priority 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文提到的老人手里拿著金屬探測器可知，他在沙灘上尋找東西，再根據(jù)作者問他是否看到一條項鏈時，他攤開手，手上只有幾個硬幣，且根據(jù)破折號可知，這里應該用achievement“成就”。 11．A.randomly B．gratefully C．gladly D．sincerely 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文老人把找到的項鏈還給作者可以推知，老人此時說的應該是如果看見他會樂意(gladly)把它歸還給作者。 12．A.time B．postage C．reason D．a(chǎn)bility 解析：選B　根據(jù)空后的“to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address”可知，作者給他郵資(postage)讓他郵寄項鏈。 13．A.promised B．reminded C．blamed D．forted 解析：選D　根據(jù)上下文可知，找不到項鏈的作者非常著急，丈夫要給作者買一條新的，這應該是安慰作者的話，故選D，fort“安慰”。 14．A.gesture B．invitation C．a(chǎn)ssistance D．ment 解析：選A　本段第一句是丈夫安慰作者的話，只是丈夫展現(xiàn)的一個姿態(tài)(gesture)，nice gesture表示“友好的表示”。 15．A.pared B．decorated C．replaced D．recognized 解析：選C　根據(jù)上文的“But I turned down his nice __14__”和下文的“It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that __16__ necklace.”可知，這條項鏈是其他項鏈無法替代的。 16．A.similar B．precious C．temporary D．expensive 解析：選B　根據(jù)上下文可知，那條項鏈很珍貴(precious)。 17．A.schedule B．occasion C．a(chǎn)pproval D．display 解析：選D　根據(jù)語境可知，當時社區(qū)在進行庭院舊貨出售，既然父親發(fā)現(xiàn)那條項鏈，說明當時那條項鏈在展出(on display)。 18．A.afford B．devote C．preserve D．repair 解析：選A　根據(jù)下文的“my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner”可知，當時父親買不起那條項鏈，afford“承擔得起……的費用”，符合文意。 19．A.advantage B．decision C．exchange D．reward 解析：選C　既然買不起，父親提出給項鏈的主人做一個書架以換取那條項鏈。 20．A.laughing B．screaming C．exciting D．crying 解析：選D　根據(jù)上文內容可知，作者的那條項鏈意義特殊，對作者來說非常珍貴，老人把它和作者給他的五美元郵寄費一起寄來，作者忍不住哭(crying)起來了。 Ⅱ.語法填空 The Shudao connected Xian, in Shaanxi Province, to Sichuan in ancient times and is more than 3,000 years old.If an adventurous holiday is __1__ one is after, then a hike along Shudao shouldnt __2__ (miss)． I hiked along the road last year.Certain parts of it were so narrow that even two slim people could __3__ (bare) pass each other.I __4__ (bend) over from time to time to avoid bumping my head against rocks on my left. Despite the rough ground, there are many __5__ (hide) delights appealing to tourists.Blue rivers and towering trees make up much of Shudaos landscape.The varied shapes of the clouds float low, __6__ (surround) the mountain in mist, which gives the road a fairytale touch. A middleaged man hiking along with us carried a big bamboo basket full of sand on his back.After taking __7__ break to catch his breath, he told us the sand was intended __8__ building work in higher mountains.Parting from the kind man, we headed for Zhaohua ancient town, distinguished for many historical __9__ (attract)．It is one of the __10__ (well) preserved sites featuring elements from the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220280)． 語篇解讀：本文主要講述了作者的蜀道徒步之旅。 1．what　what引導表語從句，在從句中作賓語。 2．be missed　miss和句子主語“a hike along Shudao”之間是被動關系，故用被動形式。 3．barely　此處應用副詞barely修飾動詞pass，意為“勉強才能”。 4．bent　根據(jù)上文的“l(fā)ast year”可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，故此處用一般過去時。 5．hidden　根據(jù)空后的名詞delights可知，空處應用形容詞hidden作定語。 6．surrounding　surround和句子謂語float之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動詞形式，又因surround和句子主語“The varied shapes of the clouds”之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 7．a(chǎn)　take a break意為“休息，小憩”，為固定用法，故用不定冠詞a。 8．for　be intended for sth.意為“為……而準備的”，故用介詞for。 9．a(chǎn)ttractions　空處被形容詞historical修飾，故空處應用名詞形式，又由many可知，空處應填attractions。 10．best　由空前的“one of the”可知，此處表示最高級的含義，故用最高級best。 Ⅰ.語法填空 The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists, drug manufacturers and governments.The WHO wants them to work together __1__ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria.These bacteria __2__ (be) able to resist __3__ (power) antibiotic (抗生素) drugs.The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name “superbug”． The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human __4__ (healthy)．It said they have __5__ ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers.The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material __6__ helps other bacteria bee resistant to drug treatment. MariePaule Kieny is the Assistant DirectorGeneral at the WHO.She said, “Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out __7__ treatment options.” She urged governments to give drug panies reasons to develop new treatments.“If we leave it to market forces alone, the new antibiotics we most __8__ (urgent) need are not going to be developed in time，” she said. Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __9__ (require) by doctors.When this happens, infections that __10__ (treat) at one time easily bee resistant. 語篇解讀：本文主要講述了世界衛(wèi)生組織呼吁開發(fā)新的藥物，以應對超級病菌對人類健康的威脅。 1．to develop　此處是不定式作目的狀語，故填to develop。 2．a(chǎn)re　此處表示客觀的陳述，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；結合空前的“These bacteria”可知，應填are。 3．powerful　此處應用形容詞作定語修飾名詞短語，故填形容詞powerful。 4．health　介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式作賓語。human health意為“人類健康”，作介詞to的賓語。 5．the　ability被不定式短語“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”所修飾，表示特指，故用定冠詞the修飾。 6．that/which　that/which引導定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞genetic material。 7．of　固定搭配run out of意為“用完”，故填介詞of。 8．urgently　副詞修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或句子。故此處應用副詞urgently修飾動詞need。 9．required　分析句子結構可知，require和amount之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。 10．were treated　根據(jù)時間狀語“at one time”可知，treat所表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，且動詞treat和infections之間是被動關系，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 Ⅱ.短文改錯 After I elected chairman of the students union of our school, I decided to start a school English newspaper for us student. Together with five schoolmates with excellently English, I tried to cover up what was going on in our school. Beside, we took some wonderful pictures about our school life. When the first issue of the newspaper came out, it was very popular with the students. So far, I had been working as the chief editor for half a year, which helps myself a lot with my leadership skills. In my opinion, start a school newspaper can be fun, but it is an huge responsibility as well. I am really proud of that Ive done. 答案：第一句：elected前加was; student→students 第二句：excellently→excellent; 去掉up 第三句：Beside→Besides 第五句：had→have; myself→me 第六句：start→starting; an→a 第七句：that→what Ⅲ.書面表達 假如你是李華，你班交換生Amy這兩天因身體不適，未能到校上課，請給她寫一封郵件，要點如下： 1．表示安慰； 2．詢問她是否能參加下周六學校舉行的足球比賽； 3．邀請她下個月到你家共度端午節(jié)。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 參考范文： Dear Amy， I am so sorry to learn that you suddenly fell ill.Its never easy to adapt to a new environment, and hopefully youll soon get used to it. As scheduled, our football match will take place next Saturday.I would greatly appreciate it if you could let me know whether you can take part in it by then.By the way, our traditional Dragon Boat Festival is ing next month.My family and I are all expecting your ing to enjoy the authentic festive atmosphere with us. Dont hesitate to tell me if you need any help.Sincerely hope that you will be well soon. Yours， Li Hua