山東省濱州市2019年中考英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 語法二 介詞語法考點(diǎn)剖析.doc

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介詞 語法考點(diǎn)剖析 考點(diǎn)一 時(shí)間介詞 1．in, on, at in, on, at用法 年月周前要用in，具體日子要用on。 at用在時(shí)刻前，亦與正午、午夜連。 黎明終止和開端，at與之緊相伴。 今明昨天前后天，上下這那每之前， at, in, on都不填，此乃習(xí)慣記心間。 2．during, in during和in都表示一段時(shí)間。 但during更加強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù)性，可以表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)自始至終的狀態(tài)。 3．for, since for和since表示的時(shí)間狀語都有延續(xù)之意，“for＋時(shí)間段”表示“延續(xù)多久”，作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，句子可用過去時(shí)、完成時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)；since后接表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的短語，意為“自從(過去某時(shí))以來”，說明自過去某時(shí)延續(xù)至今的一段時(shí)間，常與完成時(shí)連用。 4．in, after in和after后都可以接時(shí)間段，表示“……(時(shí)間)之后”，in用于將來時(shí)，after用于過去時(shí)。 5．by, before by表示“截止……；到……為止”，包括其后的時(shí)間；before則表示“在某時(shí)之前”，不包括其后的時(shí)間。 You should get your homework ready by Friday.你應(yīng)該最遲于星期五把作業(yè)準(zhǔn)備好。(包含星期五) Can you come and meet me before Friday？你能在星期五之前來見我嗎？(不包含星期五) 1．(xx山東東營(yíng)廣饒模擬)Chinas first homebuilt aircraft carrier(航空母艦) hit the water in Dalian the morning of April 26, xx. A．in B．on C．a(chǎn)t D．to 2．(xx山東濟(jì)南商河二模)We are going to give our English teacher a surprise Teachers Day. A．on B．a(chǎn)t C．in D．by 3．(xx山東菏澤單縣模擬改編)It is believed that December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. A．in B．a(chǎn)t C．on D．of 4．(xx安徽蚌埠禹會(huì)二模改編)Mr.Brown arrived at the airport 5 oclock on the evening of Saturday. A．in B．on C．a(chǎn)t D．of 5．(xx安徽蚌埠懷遠(yuǎn)檢測(cè))—What time do you expect me to finish the task? —Say, two hours. A．before B．a(chǎn)t C．for D．in 6．(xx四川內(nèi)江中考)The accident took place a cold November evening. A．on B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．for 7．(xx江蘇南京中考)Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon 20 July 1969. A．in B．on C．a(chǎn)t D．for 考點(diǎn)二 方位介詞 1．a(chǎn)cross, through, past across強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面橫過；through強(qiáng)調(diào)從內(nèi)部穿過；past強(qiáng)調(diào)從旁邊經(jīng)過。 2．in, on, over, above in“在……里面”，通常指被包含在某物之內(nèi)；on“在……上面”，與表面有接觸，反義詞是beneath；over“在……之上”，指在物體的正上方或覆蓋在物體表面，反義詞是under；above“在……之上；高于……”，指在上方，不一定是垂直的正上方，其反義詞是below。 3．between, among 表示在兩者之間用between；在三者或三者以上之間用among。 4．in/on/to＋方位名詞的用法 in 表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi) Taiwan is in the southeast of China.臺(tái)灣位于中國(guó)東南部。 on 表示A地與B地接壤、毗鄰 Canada is on the north of America.加拿大位于美國(guó)北部。 to 表示A地在B地范圍之外，即二者之間有距離間隔 Haikou lies to the south of Guangzhou.?？谖挥趶V州南部。 1．(xx甘肅白銀中考)The earth goes the sun. A．a(chǎn)round B．through C．between D．a(chǎn)cross 2．(xx天津中考)In the picture, he sits me, looking very happy. A．beside B．a(chǎn)mong C．up D．through 3．(xx重慶中考B卷)—Excuse me, is there a computer room in your school? —Yes. Its the fifth floor. A．on B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．to 4．(xx山東德州中考)A woman stood the window, watching the children playing games in the garden. A．past B．through C．a(chǎn)cross D．by 5．(2019原創(chuàng))Hong Kong is in the south of China, and Macao lies the west of Hong Kong. A．to B．a(chǎn)t C．in D．on 6．(xx四川成都中考改編)I cant see Lucy because she is the tree. A．in front of B．behind C．next to D．before 7．(xx上海中考)Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City the airport. A．a(chǎn)t B．under C．on D．with 8．(2019原創(chuàng))The moonlight is shining in the window. Everything in the room looks nice. A．over B．a(chǎn)cross C．through D．past 考點(diǎn)三 表示方式、手段或工具的介詞 1．交通方式：by, in, on by＋交通工具的單數(shù)形式；on/in＋限定詞＋交通工具的單數(shù)形式。 I go to school by bike.＝I go to school on my bike. 2．表“用”時(shí)，可用“with＋工具、手段”“by＋交通工具(單數(shù))”“in＋語言、嗓音”。 My daughter bought some books with the money she had saved.我女兒用她節(jié)省的錢買了些書。 He told us something interesting in Japanese.他用日語告訴了我們一些有趣的事情。 As a middle school student, dont write with a pencil.作為一個(gè)中學(xué)生，不要用鉛筆寫字。 He always goes to school by bus.他總是坐公共汽車去學(xué)校。 【提醒】 with可以表示“帶有”。 Mr Green has a big house with a garden.格林先生有一所帶花園的房子。 1．(2019原創(chuàng))I made coat with my hands. It was made hand not with a machine. A．in B．on C．by D．with 2．(2019原創(chuàng))We are asked to write ink, that is, with a pen. A．with B．by C．in D．on 3．(xx河南商丘柘城模擬)—How do you learn English? —I study English talking with foreign students. A．a(chǎn)t B．in C．by D．on 4．(2019原創(chuàng))Can you answer the question French? A．by B．with C．from D．in 5．(2019原創(chuàng))Tom went to school his bike, and I in my fathers car. A．in B．by C．on D．with 考點(diǎn)四 其他常考介詞 1．without“沒有”，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。 She just left without saying a word.她一句話也沒說就走了。 2．including“包含；包括” The price is $100, including your meals.價(jià)錢是100美元，包括你的飯錢。 3．with“和；具有，帶有；用，以；由于”，常表示伴隨。 She came back with a letter in her hand.她手里拿著一封信回來了。 4．a(chǎn)gainst“反對(duì)；靠著，倚著”，反義詞為for，表示“支持”。 There is a ladder against the wall.有架梯子靠在墻上。 5．except, except for, but, besides (1)except表示“除……之外(不再有)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)不被包括在內(nèi)。 The office is open every day except Sundays.辦事處除了星期天以外天天開門。 (2)except for“除……之外”，表示整體情況良好，局部出現(xiàn)問題。 The article is good except for some spelling mistakes.除了一些拼寫錯(cuò)誤，這個(gè)文章整體還是很好的。 (3)but與except同義，表示“除了”，常用于no one, nobody, all等代詞后。 Theres no one but me.這里除了我沒有別人。 (4)besides“除……之外還有”。 What languages do you know besides Chinese and English？除了漢語和英語以外你還懂什么語言？ 6．a(chǎn)s作介詞，意思是“作為；以……身份”。 He came to China as a tourist five years ago.他五年前以游客的身份來過中國(guó)。 English is used as a foreign language in our country.英語作為一門外語在我國(guó)被使用。 7．in front of 與in the front of in front of “在……的前面”，指某一范圍以外的前面，反義詞是behind; in the front of...“在……的前面”，指某一范圍以內(nèi)的前面，反義詞是at the back of。 Miss Gao is standing at the front of the classroom. 高老師站在教室的前面。(指某一范圍內(nèi)的前面) There is a tall tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵大樹。(指某一范圍以外的前面) 8．on the tree指在樹上的東西本身是樹的一部分(如葉子、果實(shí)) in the tree指在樹上的東西本身不是樹的一部分(如鳥、人) Therere some apples on the tree.樹上有幾個(gè)蘋果。 Theres a bird in the tree.樹上有只鳥。 1．(xx安徽亳州利辛5月模擬)—Your math is good. Do you have any special ways to learn it? —No. Remember: nothing can be learned hard work. A．a(chǎn)gainst B．with C．through D．without 2．(2019預(yù)測(cè))I gave the tickets to all the students the ones who had already taken them. A．except B．beyond C．with D．a(chǎn)mong 3．(2019預(yù)測(cè))Thirty passengers were hurt, five children. A．include B．including C．included D．includes 考點(diǎn)五 介詞短語 a bit (of)有一點(diǎn)兒 after a while過了一會(huì)兒 a little一點(diǎn)兒 all kinds of 各種類型的；各種各樣的 a lot of許多 a pair of 一雙 a set of 一套；一副；一組 around the world 世界各地 as long as只要；既然 at first起先；首先 at last最后 at least至少；不少于；起碼 at night/noon在夜里/中午 at once立刻 at the age of...在……歲時(shí) at the beginning of...在……之初 at the end of...在……之末 at the foot of...在……腳下 at the same time同時(shí) at/on the weekend在周末 because of因?yàn)? be different from... 與……不同；與……有差異 be interested in... 對(duì)……感興趣 be made of...由……制成的 be similar to...與……相像的、類似的 be sure about 確信；對(duì)……有把握 between...and...在……和……之間 by bike/air/train/bus/sea騎自行車/乘飛機(jī)/火車/汽車/船 by the end of...到……底為止 by the way順便說 by the window在窗邊 far away from遠(yuǎn)離 for example例如 for sure 無疑；肯定 from now on從現(xiàn)在起 from then on從那時(shí)起 from...to... 從……到…… in a hurry匆忙 in all總共 in (great) danger處于(極大)危險(xiǎn)之中 in English 用英語 in fact確切地說；事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上 in the countryside在鄉(xiāng)下；在農(nóng)村 in the middle of...在……中間 in time及時(shí) in order to為了 in public公眾；公開地 in surprise驚奇地 in the end 最后 in turn依次 less than少于 little by little逐漸地 more than 多于 of course當(dāng)然 one (large) bowl of...一(大)碗…… on foot步行；走路 on ones way to...某人在去……的路上 on the left/right在左(右)邊 on the other hand另一方面 on the other side of...在……另一邊 on time按時(shí) so far到目前為止；迄今為止 such as例如；像……這樣 the same as...和……相同；與……一致 thanks to幸虧 to ones joy/surprise使某人高興/驚訝的是 with a smile面帶笑容 with ones help/with the help of sb.在某人的幫助下；由于某人的幫助 with ones own eyes親眼所見 1．(2019預(yù)測(cè))—How many teachers are there in your school, Emma? —There are 120 teachers ， eighty women teachers and forty men teachers. A．in person B．in danger C．in total D．in public 2．(xx安徽蕪湖繁昌二模)To protect the environment, we are encouraged to use china cups the paper ones. A．a(chǎn)ccording to B．instead of C．such as D．together with 3．(xx湖北孝感中考)Its not necessary to find a friend who is the same you. A．in B．a(chǎn)s C．to D．from 4．(xx福建中考改編)Blue whales are . We should try to protect them. A．in time B．in public C．in danger D．in fact 5．(xx山西中考改編)In China, we are using the FAST to find stars . Now more and more people want to know about the largest radio telescope(望遠(yuǎn)鏡) in the world. A．in person B．in public C．in space D．in time 參考答案 【語法考點(diǎn)剖析】 考點(diǎn)一　1～5 BACCD　6～7 AB 考點(diǎn)二　1～5 AAADA　6～8 BAC 考點(diǎn)三　1～5 CCCDC 考點(diǎn)四　1～3 DAB 考點(diǎn)五　1～5 CBBCC