汽車減震器畢業(yè)設計
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1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-----傾情為你奉上 汽車減震器畢業(yè)設計 篇一:減震器畢業(yè)設計論文 畢業(yè)設計(論文) 減震器設計 摘要:在鉆井作業(yè)中,由于井底凹凸不平造成鉆頭頻繁跳轉,如果鉆頭與鉆鋌直接連接,則整個鉆蛀將于鉆頭一起加速上下運動,產生強烈的震動,破壞最優(yōu)鉆井條件,降低鉆頭和鉆具壽命。甚至破壞鉆井設備。液壓減震器不同于單純以硅油等液體為工作介質的液壓減震器,亦不同于單純采用減震彈簧作為彈性元件的機械減震器。該減震器是在二者的基礎上,克服了單向減震器的缺點,集成二者的優(yōu)點而研發(fā)的新型井下工具。它具有彈性剛度自動調節(jié).連件強度高.性能穩(wěn)定.工作可靠.工作壽命長等有點。 本文研究的主要
2、主要內容有:對液壓減震器的結構設計,結構設計主要是確定減振器的類型、布置形式、安裝角度和選用數量,這是進行尺寸設計的基礎。對液壓減震器的尺寸設計,尺寸設計的過程主要包括相對阻尼系數以及最大卸荷力的確定,減振器工作缸、活塞、以及相關零部件的尺寸計算完成結構設計與尺寸設計后應對減振器的強度和穩(wěn)定性進行校核,校核的結果應符合國家相關技術標準。 本文的研究成果對減振器的進一步研究有重要的理論和實際應用意義. 關鍵詞:液壓式; 減振器;液壓缸 畢業(yè)設計(論文) Shock absorber design Abstract: In the drilling operation
3、, due to the bottom hole uneven causing frequent jumps of the drill bit, drill bit and drill collars are directly connected, the entire borer will drill with accelerated up and down movement, produced a strong shock, destruction of the optimum drilling conditions, reduce drill and drill life. Even d
4、estruction of the drilling equipment. Hydraulic mechanical drill string shock absorber is different from the pure liquid silicone oil as the working medium hydraulic shock absorber, mechanical shock absorbers are also different from the simple shock absorber spring as an elastic element. The shock a
5、bsorber is on the basis of the two, to overxxe the shortxxings of the one-way shock absorber, to integrate the advantages of both the research and development of new down hole tools. It has automatic adjustment of the elastic stiffness. Even pieces intensity. Stable performance and reliable work. Lo
6、ng working life a little. The main content of this study :The design to the structure of the gasification type shock absorber. It mainly determines the types of the shock absorber, layouts, the angle of installing and the quantity of selecting, these are the foundation of the designing of the size
7、s.The design to the size of the gasification type shock absorber. It includes relative damping coefficient, the determination of the biggest discharge strength, and the xxputing of the sizes of work cylinder, piston, connecting rod, valve and related spare parts.After xxpleting the structural design
8、 and the designing of the sizes, the shock absorber intensity and the stability should be checked, the results should conform to the country related technical standards. This study results have important theoretical and practical significance for further study of the shock absorber. Key words:
9、 Hydraulic ;Shock absorber; Cylinder 畢業(yè)設計(論文) 目 錄 1 緒 論 ······················································································· 1 1.1 選題的目的和意義 ···································································· 1 1.2 減振器的發(fā)展歷史 ·········································
10、··························· 1 1.3 減振器的分類 ·········································································· 2 1.4 液壓減振器國內外發(fā)展狀況和發(fā)展趨勢 ········································ 3 1.5 研究的主要內容及方法 ······························································ 4 2 減振器的類型和工作原理 ·············
11、····················································· 5 2.1減震器的類型與型號 ································································· 5 2.2減震器形式的選擇 ··································································· 5 2.3 減振器的工作原理 ·····························································
12、······· 6 2.4 減振器的結構.工作原理及優(yōu)點 ···················································· 6 2.5 減震器的標準 ·········································································· 7 2.6 減震器的使用措施及注意事項····················································· 7 3 減震器的設計 ····································
13、············································· 9 3.1 減震器數據的選擇 ···································································· 9 3.3 芯軸的設計與強度校核 ······························································ 11 3.4 上接頭凸臺校核 ··································································
14、····· 12 3.5 螺紋的選擇 ············································································· 13 3.6 螺紋牙的強度校核 ···································································· 13 3.7 花鍵的設計與選擇 ···································································· 16 4密封元件 ···············
15、··········································································· 20 4.1 密封元件材質的設計和選用 ························································ 20 4.2 密封元件常用的材料 ································································· 20 4.3 密封盤根 ···········································
16、····································· 24 5 液壓減震器的使用方法 ······································································· 28 5.1 減震器在鉆柱中的連接位置 ························································ 28 5.2 下井前的檢查 ·········································································· 28
17、 5.3 起鉆后的檢查 ·········································································· 28 5.4 注意事項 ················································································ 28 5.5 維修與試驗 ············································································· 29 5.6 檢查與維修 ····
18、········································································· 29 5.7 組裝 ······················································································ 29 5.8 注油 ······················································································ 30 6 結 論 ···············
19、··········································································· 31 參考文獻 ···························································································· 32 致謝 ············································································· 33 I 畢業(yè)設計(論文) 1 緒 論 1.1 選題的目的和
20、意義 減振器主要是用于減小或削弱振動對設備與人員影響的一個部件。它起到衰減和吸收振動的作用。使得某些設備及人員免受不良振動的影響, 起到保護設備及人員正常工作與安全的作用, 因此它廣泛應用于各種機械的頻繁起降等, 對減振器的要求愈來愈高。人們不但要求安全可靠, 而且要求旅途舒適, 對此減振器起著舉足輕重的作用。 1.2 減振器的發(fā)展歷史 世界上第一個有記載、比較簡單的減振器是1897年由兩個姓吉明的人發(fā)明的。他們把橡膠塊與葉片彈簧的端部相連,當懸架被完全壓縮時,橡膠減振塊就碰到連接在汽車大梁上的一個螺栓,產生止動。這種減振器在很多現代汽車懸架上仍有使用,但其減振效果很小。 18
21、98年,第一個實用的減振器由一法國人特魯芬特研制成功并被安裝到摩托賽車上。該車的前叉懸置于彈簧上,同時與一個摩擦阻尼件相連,以防止摩托車的振顫。減振器的結構發(fā)展主要經歷了以下幾種發(fā)展形式: 加布里埃爾減振器,它是由固定在汽車大梁上的罩殼和裝在其里面的渦旋形鋼帶組成,鋼帶通過一個彈簧保持其張力,鋼帶的外端與車橋軸端連接,以限制由振動引起的彈跳量。 平衡彈簧式減振器,這是加到葉片彈簧上的一種輔助螺旋彈簧。由于每一個彈簧都有不同的諧振頻率,它們趨向于抵消各自的振顫,但同時也增大了懸架的剛性,所以很快就停止了使用[1]。 空氣彈簧減振器,空氣彈簧不僅兼有彈簧和吸振的作用,而且常常可省去金屬
22、彈簧。第一個空氣彈簧減振器是1909年由英國考溫汽車工廠研制成功的。它是一個圓柱形的空氣筒,利用打氣筒可以把空氣經外殼上部的氣閥注滿空氣筒,空氣筒的下半部分容納一個由橡膠和簾布制成的膜片。因為它被空氣所包圍,所以其工作原理與充氣輪胎相似,它的主要缺點是常常泄漏空氣。 液壓減振器,第一個實用的液壓減振器是1908年由法國人霍迪立設計的。液壓減振器的原理是迫使液流通過小孔產生阻尼作用。通常的筒式減振器是由一個與汽車底盤固定的帶有節(jié)流小孔的活塞和一個與懸架或車橋固定的圓柱形貯液筒組成。門羅在1933年為赫德森制造的汽車裝用了第一個采用原始液壓減振器的汽車。到了二十世紀三十年代末,雙作用減振器在美
23、國生產的汽車上被普遍采用。到了二十世紀六十年代,歐洲采用的杠桿式液壓減振器占了優(yōu)勢,這種減 1 畢業(yè)設計(論文) 振器與哈德福特的摩擦式減振原理相似,但使用的是液流而不是摩擦緩沖襯墊。 麥弗遜支柱式減振器,隨著前輪驅動汽車的出現,二十世紀七十年代以來,制造商開始采用麥弗遜式減振器。這種減振器是二十世紀六十年代通用公司麥弗遜工程師研制成功的。他把螺旋彈簧、液壓減振器和上懸架臂桿組成一個緊湊的部件。其主要優(yōu)點是體積小,適合前輪驅動汽車,可在與變速器組成一體的驅動橋上應用。另外,有一種電子控制減振器,能根據道路狀況、車速和驅動形式自動調節(jié)懸架軟、中、硬三種剛度。該減振器通過在汽車保險杠下
24、方裝有一個帶聲納的測量部件監(jiān)測路面狀況,把測得的數據輸入處理單元,然后調節(jié)減振器中的按鍵,以改變液流通道的尺寸。 充氣式減振器是二十世紀六七十年代以來發(fā)展起來的一種新型減振器。充氣式減振器的特殊結構和充氣參數,可以大大地降低噪音,并有利于保證活塞高速運動時的阻尼特征,同時減振器上的減振支柱實質上屬于雙筒結構,它除了阻尼減振還有如下附加功能:他和控制臂一起對車輪進行導向[2]。 1.3減振器的分類 根據減振器的結構、材料與用途不同, 減振器可分為以下幾種: 橡膠減振器減振器由天然橡膠及聚氯丁之類合成橡膠材料制成。該減振器經濟方便, 對振動阻尼作用。近年, 又出現一種金屬橡膠減振器
25、, 性能優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)橡膠減振器。但低溫時彈性下降、高溫時易變形, 不適于高頻下工作, 有“彈性后效”現象等。因此只能用于減振要求不高的場合。 金屬彈簧減振器 分為螺旋彈簧與板簧減振器:該減振器能適應于各種環(huán)境與溫度下使用, 力學性能較穩(wěn)定, 剛度范圍廣,高頻時, 失去減振作用, 因此, 目前, 液壓減振器已經得到了廣泛地應用特別是在一些關鍵裝備上, 如飛機的起落架、導彈的發(fā)射架、各種汽車、摩托車、輪船等需減振的設備上。液壓減振器是以液壓油為工作介質并利用油的黏性阻尼作用, 在節(jié)流口或閥的前后形成一定的壓差, 將振動的動能變成液體的壓力能衰減和吸收振動。 電流變液和磁流變液減振器:電、磁
26、流變液都是懸濁液, 在外加電、磁場作用, 下其黏度可連續(xù)變化, 由美國人W.Winslow 和J.Rabinow于20 世紀40 年代后期發(fā)現, 從20 世紀80 年代末起將其應用于阻尼可調減振器。電、磁流變液減振器具有阻尼連續(xù)調節(jié), 響應快等優(yōu)點, 但是還存在一些問題: 電、磁流變液的粒子沉降、溫度穩(wěn)定性, 電、磁流變液減振器的設計誤差補償、使用壽命、維修等, 其產業(yè)化應用還需要進一步的研究。 氣體控制阻尼可調減振器:氣體控制阻尼可調減振器必須與空氣彈簧配合使用。阻尼變化規(guī)律是:當空氣彈簧中氣壓升高時, 阻力增大, 反之則減小, 不 2 篇二:汽車減振器的設計 畢 業(yè) 論 文(設
27、 計) 題目: 轎車減震器的設計 ?。ㄓ⑽模? 院 別: 專 業(yè): 姓 名: 學 號: 指導教師: 日 期: 轎車減震器的設計 摘 要 本文設計出適用于中國一般城市道路使用的雙作用筒式減振器。首先,根據轎車的質量算出減振器的阻尼系數,確定缸體結構參數,然后建立流體力學模型,先選定一條理想的減振器標準阻尼特性曲線,然后利用逼近理想阻尼特性曲線的方法,進行各閥、系的設計計算;在此基礎上,設計出整個減震器,并對主要部件的強度進行了校核。 關鍵詞:雙作用筒式減振器;流體力學模型;理想特性曲線;強度校核 轎車減振器的設計 Shock
28、Absorber Design of car Abstract The double use of drum shock absorber which applicable to the general city road conditions in China is designed in the paper. First of all, the damping coefficient of the shock absorber is calculated according to the quality of car. The parameters of the cylinder
29、structure are determined. And then a hydrodynamic model is set up. The valve and the Department are calculated and the designed by using the way of approach to the damping characteristics of the ideal standard shock absorber curve. After that a set of the double use of drum shock absorber is designe
30、d. The strength of the main parts of the shock absorber is checked. Key words: Double use of shock absorber; hydrodynamic model; characteristics of the ideal curve; strength checking 1 目錄 1. 緒論 ................................................................. 1 1.1本課題設計的目的及意義 .......
31、..................................... 1 1.2減振器國內外是發(fā)展狀況 ............................................ 1 1.3設計的主要研究內容 ................................................ 3 2. 減震器阻尼值計算和機械結構設計 ....................................... 3 2.1相對阻尼系數和阻尼系數的確定 ...................................... 3 2.1.
32、1懸架彈性特性的選擇 ........................................... 3 2.1.2相對阻尼系數的選擇 ........................................... 4 2.1.3減振器阻尼系數的確定 ......................................... 6 2.2最大卸荷力的確定 .................................................. 6 2.3缸筒的設計計算 ......................................
33、.............. 7 2.4活塞桿的設計計算 .................................................. 7 2.5導向座寬度和活塞寬度的設計計算 .................................... 8 2.6 小結 .............................................................. 8 3. 減震器其他部件的設計 ................................................. 8 3.1固定連接的結構形式
34、 ................................................ 8 3.2 減震器油封設計 .................................................... 9 3.3 O型橡膠密封圈 ................................................... 10 3.4 錐形彈簧 ......................................................... 10 3.5彈簧片和減振器油的選擇 .....................
35、...................... 11 3.5.1彈簧片的選擇 ................................................ 11 3.5.2減振器油的選擇 .............................................. 11 3.6小結 ............................................................. 12 4.減震器閥系設計 ....................................................... 12
36、 4.1減震器各閥系流體力學模型的建立 ................................... 12 4.1.1伸張行程流體力學模型的建立 .................................. 12 4.1.2壓縮行程流體力學模型的建立 .................................. 15 4.2 各閥系模型的建立 ................................................. 16 篇三:汽車減振器的設計 畢業(yè)論文(設計) 題目: ?。ㄓ⑽模? 轎車減震器的設計 Sho
37、ckAbsorberDesignofcar 別: 業(yè): 名: 號: 院 專 姓 學 指導教師: 日 期: 轎車減震器的設計 轎車減震器的設計 摘 摘要要 本文設計出適用于中國一般城市道路使用的雙作用筒式減振器。首先,根據轎車的 質量算出減振器的阻尼系數,確定缸體結構參數,然后建立流體力學模型,先選定一條 理想的減振器標準阻尼特性曲線,然后利用逼近理想阻尼特性曲線的方法,進行各閥、 系的設計計算;在此基礎上,設計出整個減震器,并對主要部件的強度進行了校核。 關鍵詞關鍵詞關鍵詞關鍵詞:雙作用筒式減振器;流體力學模 型;理想特性曲線;強度校核 轎車
38、減振器的設計 ShockShockShockShockAAAAbsorberbsorberbsorberbsorb Thedoubleuseofdrumshockabsorberwhichapplicabletothegeneralcityroad conditionsinChinaisdesignedinthepaper.Firstofall,thedampingcoefficientoftheshock absorberiscalculatedaccordingtothequalityofcar.Theparametersofthecylinderstructure arede
39、termined.Andthenahydrodynamicmodelissetup.ThevalveandtheDepartmentare calculatedandthedesignedbyusingthewayofapproachtothedampingcharacteristicsof theidealstandardshockabsorbercurve.Afterthatasetofthedoubleuseofdrumshock absorberisdesigned.Thestrengthofthemainpartsoftheshockabsorberischecked. Ab
40、stractAbstract KeyKeyKeyKeywords:words:words:words:Doubleuseofshockabsorber;hydrodynamicmodel;characteristicsoftheidealcurve;strengthchecking 1 目錄 1.1.1.1.緒論緒論緒論緒論.................................................................................................................................
41、.................. 1.1 本課題設計的目的及意義...........................................................................................1 1.2 減振器國內外是發(fā)展狀況...........................................................................................1 1.3 設計的主要研究內容..............................................
42、.....................................................3 2.2.2.2.減震器阻尼值計算和機械結構設計減震器阻尼值計算和機械結構設計減震器阻尼值計算和機械結構設計減震器阻尼值計算和機械結構設 2.1 相對阻尼系數和阻尼系數的確定...............................................................................3 2.1.1 懸架彈性特性的選擇.........................................................
43、...............................3 2.1.2 相對阻尼系數的選擇........................................................................................4 2.1.3 減振器阻尼系數的確定....................................................................................6 2.2 最大卸荷力的確定..........................................
44、.............................................................6 2.3 缸筒的設計計算...........................................................................................................7 2.4 活塞桿的設計計算.....................................................................................................
45、..7 2.5 導向座寬度和活塞寬度的設計計算...........................................................................8 2.6小結..............................................................................................................................8 3.3.3.3.減震器其他部件的設計減震器其他部件的設計減震器其他部件的設計減震器其他部件的設 3.1 固定連接的結構
46、形式...................................................................................................8 3.2減震器油封設計..........................................................................................................9 3.3O 型橡膠密封圈................................................................
47、.........................................10 3.4錐形彈簧....................................................................................................................10 3.5 彈簧片和減振器油的選擇.........................................................................................11 3.5.1 彈簧片的選擇.....
48、.............................................................................................11 3.5.2 減振器油的選擇..............................................................................................11 3.6 小結....................................................................................
49、.........................................12 4.4.4.4.減震器閥系設計減震器閥系設計減震器閥系設計減震器閥系設計................................................................................................................................................... 4.1 減震器各閥系流體力學模型的建立.................................................
50、........................12 4.1.1 伸張行程流體力學模型的建立......................................................................12 4.1.2 壓縮行程流體力學模型的建立......................................................................14 4.2各閥系模型的建立........................................................................
51、............................16 轎車減振器的設計 4.2.1 伸張閥模型的建立..........................................................................................16 4.2.2.流通閥模型的建立.........................................................................................17 4.2.3 壓縮閥模型的建立.........................
52、.................................................................18 4.2.4 補償閥的力學模型..........................................................................................19 4.3 減震器阻尼閥閥片的撓曲變形模型.........................................................................20 4.4 閥系的設計.................
53、................................................................................................22 4.4.1 阻尼閥的開啟程度對減震器特性的影響......................................................22 4.4.2 減震器的理想特性曲線的確定......................................................................22 4.4.3 閥系各結構參數的確定.........
54、.........................................................................24 4.5 小結.............................................................................................................................29 5555.活塞桿的強度校核.活塞桿的強度校核.活塞桿的強度校核.活塞桿的強度校核................................................
55、................................................................................................... 5.1 強度校核.....................................................................................................................30 5.2 穩(wěn)定性的校核............................................................
56、.................................................30 6666.全文總結及展望.全文總結及展望.全文總結及展望.全文總結及展望...................................................................................................................................................參考文獻參考文獻參考文獻參考文 獻..............................................
57、.....................................................................................................致謝致謝致謝致 謝...................................................................................................................................................附錄附錄附錄附 錄................................................................................................................................................... 3 專心---專注---專業(yè)
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