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1、Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World Grammar 1.Know the meaning of “modals + have done” .2. Learn the usage of “modals + have done” such as “could have done” “might have done” “must have done” .Learning aimsRead the sentences and discuss on what condition we can use them.Leading-in1)
2、They might have killed each other.2) He must have known the news.3) You should have come here yesterday.4) We could have worked out the problem.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞完成時(shí),表示對(duì)過(guò)去的行為或動(dòng)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的行為或動(dòng)作進(jìn)行推測(cè)或判斷。作進(jìn)行推測(cè)或判斷。 (1)must have done 用于肯定句中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事用于肯定句中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的肯定猜測(cè)。其否定或疑問(wèn)形式都用的肯定猜測(cè)。其否定或疑問(wèn)形式
3、都用 can (could)來(lái)來(lái)表示。例如：表示。例如：Since the road is wet，it must have rained last night.路面是濕的，昨晚肯定下過(guò)雨。路面是濕的，昨晚肯定下過(guò)雨。He cant have missed the way. I drew him a map.他不可能迷路。我（當(dāng)時(shí)）給他畫(huà)了張地圖。他不可能迷路。我（當(dāng)時(shí)）給他畫(huà)了張地圖。 GrammarHe _ _ _ _that town.他不可能去過(guò)那個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。他不可能去過(guò)那個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。He _ _ _Anna yesterday. Shes gone abroad.昨天他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)安娜。她出國(guó)
4、了。昨天他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)安娜。她出國(guó)了。 (2)can/could have done 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，表懷用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，表懷疑；也表示對(duì)過(guò)去沒(méi)發(fā)生行為的肯定推測(cè)。疑；也表示對(duì)過(guò)去沒(méi)發(fā)生行為的肯定推測(cè)。cannot have been tocouldnt have seen (3)may/might have donemay/might have done用于否定句或肯定句中，用于否定句或肯定句中， 表示推表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某事測(cè)過(guò)去某事“也許也許”發(fā)生了，用于不肯定的推測(cè)。發(fā)生了，用于不肯定的推測(cè)。may 比比 might 表示的可能性在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)稍大些。表示的可能性在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)稍大些。
5、I cant find my keys. I might have left them at the school yesterday.我找不到我的鑰匙。我可能昨天把它們落在學(xué)校了。我找不到我的鑰匙。我可能昨天把它們落在學(xué)校了。 He might not have got your letter.他可能沒(méi)有收到你的信。他可能沒(méi)有收到你的信。The room is dark. I think he may have gone to bed.房間是黑暗的。我想他可能已經(jīng)上床睡覺(jué)了。房間是黑暗的。我想他可能已經(jīng)上床睡覺(jué)了。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表達(dá)二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表達(dá)“本來(lái)本來(lái)”，“不
6、不然早就然早就”。這是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。表。這是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。表示說(shuō)話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反。表達(dá)了說(shuō)話人埋示說(shuō)話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反。表達(dá)了說(shuō)話人埋怨、后悔的語(yǔ)氣。怨、后悔的語(yǔ)氣。could have done 本來(lái)能夠本來(lái)能夠might have done 本來(lái)可以本來(lái)可以should / ought to have done 本應(yīng)該本應(yīng)該shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done 本不該本不該neednt have done 本來(lái)沒(méi)必要本來(lái)沒(méi)必要had better have done 當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了wo
7、uld rather have done 當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了We could have walked to the station；it was so near.Yes. A taxi wasnt necessary at all.我們?cè)臼悄茏叩杰囌镜模凰@么近。我們?cè)臼悄茏叩杰囌镜模凰@么近。 是的，出租車一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)必要。是的，出租車一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)必要。 (1) could have done用來(lái)表示責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣，意為用來(lái)表示責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣，意為“過(guò)去本過(guò)去本來(lái)能夠來(lái)能夠，而實(shí)際上卻未，而實(shí)際上卻未”。【即學(xué)即練】【即學(xué)即練】The driver _the accident.司機(jī)本可以避免這次車禍的
8、。（但沒(méi)能避免）司機(jī)本可以避免這次車禍的。（但沒(méi)能避免）could have avoided(2)might have done “本來(lái)可以做某事或可能做某本來(lái)可以做某事或可能做某事事”，含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。，含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。You might have given him more help, though you were busy.你本來(lái)可以給他更多的幫助，雖然你很忙。你本來(lái)可以給他更多的幫助，雖然你很忙。 They _ _ _frozen to death but for the rescue in time.要不是及時(shí)營(yíng)救的話，他們可能就被凍死了。要不是及時(shí)營(yíng)救的話，他們可能就被
9、凍死了。 might have been With all the work finished，I should have gone to the party last night.所有的工作都做完了，我昨天晚上本應(yīng)該去參加晚會(huì)所有的工作都做完了，我昨天晚上本應(yīng)該去參加晚會(huì)的。的。 You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.你本不應(yīng)該嘲笑他的。他不是你嘲笑的人而恰恰是你你本不應(yīng)該嘲笑他的。他不是你嘲笑的人而恰恰是你應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的人。應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的人。(3)ought to/s
10、hould have done和和ought not to/shouldnt have done用于對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況表示用于對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況表示“責(zé)備責(zé)備”“”“不滿不滿”，分別表示分別表示“本應(yīng)該做（而沒(méi)做）本應(yīng)該做（而沒(méi)做）”和和“本不應(yīng)該做本不應(yīng)該做（而做了）（而做了）”。Yon neednt have waken me up; I dont have to go to work today.你本沒(méi)必要叫醒我你本沒(méi)必要叫醒我; 我今天不上班。我今天不上班。【即學(xué)即練】【即學(xué)即練】 (4)neednt have doneneednt have done 表示過(guò)去做了某事，但沒(méi)有做的必表示過(guò)去做
11、了某事，但沒(méi)有做的必要，意為要，意為“本沒(méi)必要做（而做了）本沒(méi)必要做（而做了）”。He is still young.You _him such an expensive present.他還小，你本沒(méi)必要送他這么昂貴的禮物。他還小，你本沒(méi)必要送他這么昂貴的禮物。neednt have sent(5) had better have done 用于事后的建議，含輕微用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣，為責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣，為“當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事”。You had better have started earlier.你當(dāng)時(shí)最好早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身的。你當(dāng)時(shí)最好早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身的。 （沒(méi)有早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身）（沒(méi)有早點(diǎn)
12、動(dòng)身）(6) would rather have done 表示表示“當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事”。I would rather have taken his advice then.我寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了他的建議。我寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了他的建議。（實(shí)際沒(méi)聽(tīng)）（實(shí)際沒(méi)聽(tīng)）【高考鏈接】【高考鏈接】1.（2015 天津高考）天津高考）I _have worried before I came to the new school , for my classmates are very friendly to me. A.mightnt B. mustnt C.neednt D. couldnt【解題關(guān)鍵解題
13、關(guān)鍵】句意句意:來(lái)新學(xué)校前我本沒(méi)有必要擔(dān)心的來(lái)新學(xué)校前我本沒(méi)有必要擔(dān)心的,因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)槲椅业耐瑢W(xué)都對(duì)我很友好。的同學(xué)都對(duì)我很友好。neednt have done本沒(méi)本沒(méi)有必要做某事。有必要做某事。2. (2015重慶重慶高考高考)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingwayhis famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A. didnt write B. hadnt written C .wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written【解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵】此處表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的虛擬此處表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的
14、事情的虛擬,介詞短介詞短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)without.相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于if he hadnt had his wartime experiences,故主句謂語(yǔ)要用故主句謂語(yǔ)要用wouldnt have done。3. (2014陜西高考陜西高考)My book,The House of Hades,is missing.Whohave taken it?A.needB.mustC.shouldD.could【解題關(guān)鍵】【解題關(guān)鍵】句意句意:我的書(shū)哈迪斯之屋不見(jiàn)了我的書(shū)哈迪斯之屋不見(jiàn)了,誰(shuí)誰(shuí)有可能拿走了呢有可能拿走了呢? could表示推測(cè)時(shí)表示推測(cè)時(shí),常用于否定句或疑常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中問(wèn)句中,翻譯為翻
15、譯為“有可能有可能”。4.（2013遼寧高考）遼寧高考）Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at the party last night.A. could drink B. should drinkC. would have drunk D. must have drunk【解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵】句意句意:Harry感到不舒服。他一定是在感到不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚會(huì)上喝了太多的酒。根據(jù)句意是對(duì)發(fā)生在昨晚的聚會(huì)上喝了太多的酒。根據(jù)句意是對(duì)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況的推測(cè)，所以用過(guò)去的情況的推測(cè)，所以用must have done。1. He _ t
16、he examination, _ he wasnt careful enough.他本該通過(guò)此次考試的，但是他太不仔細(xì)了。他本該通過(guò)此次考試的，但是他太不仔細(xì)了。2. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come，but why didnt you？昨晚的晚會(huì)很有意思，你本該來(lái)的，但是你怎么沒(méi)來(lái)？昨晚的晚會(huì)很有意思，你本該來(lái)的，但是你怎么沒(méi)來(lái)？should have passedbutought to have doneClass exercises3. We _ the manager， but no one _ his te
17、lephone number.我們本能夠給經(jīng)理打電話的，但是沒(méi)人知道他的號(hào)碼。我們本能夠給經(jīng)理打電話的，但是沒(méi)人知道他的號(hào)碼。could have calledknew4. I didnt see her last night at the party. You _ . But you came too late. 我在昨晚的宴會(huì)上沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她。我在昨晚的宴會(huì)上沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她。 你本能夠見(jiàn)到她的?？墒悄銇?lái)得太晚了。你本能夠見(jiàn)到她的。可是你來(lái)得太晚了。could have5. They _ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming
18、 for some reasons.A. can have lost B. may have lost C. can have missed D. may have missed6. Sorry. I am late. I _ not have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. should B. can C. will D. might7.As it turned out to be a small party, we _ so formally.A. neednt dress up B. couldnt
19、have dressed upC. shouldnt dress up D. neednt have dressed up8. _ it have been wrong directions from the control room that caused the air crash?A. Must B. Could C. Would D. ShouldReview the grammar we have learned this class. HomeworkWhat makes life dreary is the want of motive. George Eliot 沒(méi)有了目的，生活便黯淡無(wú)光。 喬治 艾略特
課時(shí)講練通高中英語(yǔ) Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World Grammar2課件 外研版必修4
