山東省濱州市2019年中考英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 語法一 冠詞語法考點(diǎn)剖析.doc

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冠詞 語法考點(diǎn)剖析 考點(diǎn)一 不定冠詞 1．基本用法 (1)泛指某個(gè)人或物，意思為“一”，數(shù)量概念比one弱。 A girl is looking for you.有個(gè)女孩在找你。 (2)用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式前，表示一類人或物。 A dog is a useful animal.狗是一種有用的動(dòng)物。 (3)用于表示時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等意義的名詞前，表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every或each。 We have six classes a day.我們每天六節(jié)課。 (4)用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一”。 The apple is delicious. Can I have a second one？這蘋果很好吃，我能再吃一個(gè)嗎？ (5)用于物質(zhì)名詞前面，表示“一種、一場”等。 What a heavy rain！好大的一場雨！ (6)用于第一次提到的人或事物的名稱前。 I saw a boy over there. He was sleeping.我看見一個(gè)男孩在那兒。他正在睡覺。 (7)構(gòu)成一些固定短語。 a little bit有點(diǎn)兒　　　a couple of兩個(gè) all of a sudden突然 have a cold感冒 have a look看一看 have a rest/break休息一下 have a try試一試 have a walk散步 once in a while偶爾 pay a visit to拜訪 play a role發(fā)揮作用 quite a lot/few許多 不定冠詞的用法 不定冠詞兩變體，a或an都表“一”。 可數(shù)名詞首次提，何人何物不具體。 某類人、物任一個(gè)，有時(shí)還要表“每一”。 2．a(chǎn)/an的辨析 an用在以元音音素開頭的名詞前，如an egg。即使單詞拼寫以輔音字母開頭，如果單詞的讀音是以元音音素開頭，也要用an，如an hour。反之即使拼寫以元音字母開頭但讀音是以輔音音素開頭，加不定冠詞時(shí)也要用a，如 a university。 (1)常見的以元音音素開頭的重點(diǎn)名詞和形容詞 animal　　 answer　　 arm　　　　 apple Asian easy egg eraser elephant eye education educational engineer hour idea impolite important interesting orange umbrella uncle unhappy unknown unpleasant unusual (2)常見的不定冠詞易錯(cuò)短語 an honest boy　　　　 an hour a university a useful book a usual story a European country a UFO 1．(xx廣東中考改編) new study says that going to bed late is harmful to our health. A．/ B．A C．An D．the 2．(xx甘肅白銀中考)The man is driving at 40 kilometers hour. A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/ 3．(xx湖南郴州中考改編)—My daughter seldom has breakfast. —Its unhealthy habit. Breakfast is very important to health. A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/ 4．(xx江蘇宿遷中考)There will be talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon. A．the B．a(chǎn)n C．a(chǎn) D．/ 5．(xx山東濟(jì)南長清二模)—Excuse me, Mary. Whats that in English? —Its apple. A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/ 6．(xx山東濟(jì)南高新一模)—Tina, do you have English pen pal? —Yes, I do. I have one in Britain. A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/ 7．(xx山東濟(jì)南育英中學(xué)一模)—Whats on the table? —Theres dictionary on it. A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/ 考點(diǎn)二 定冠詞 1．用在特定的人或物的名詞前，表示特指。 Who is the girl over there？那邊的女孩是誰？ 2．用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。 There is a chair in the room. An old man is sitting on the chair.房間里有一把椅子，椅子上坐著一位老人。 3．用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前以及普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。 the sun太陽 　the moon月亮　the earth地球 the Great Wall長城　the United States美國 the Pacific Ocean太平洋 the Tianshan Mountains天山山脈 4．用在表示演奏的西洋樂器之前。 The boy can play the piano.這個(gè)男孩會(huì)彈鋼琴。 中國的傳統(tǒng)樂器前不加the。 My father can play erhu.我爸爸會(huì)拉二胡。 5．用于形容詞、副詞的最高級前。 Math is the most difficult subject for me.對我來說，數(shù)學(xué)是最難的科目。 6．用在序數(shù)詞或表示順序的其他詞前。 All the students take five subjects in the first year.所有學(xué)生第一年要上五門課程。 7．“the＋形容詞”或“the＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”表示一類事物。 The new is sure to replace the old.新事物一定會(huì)取代舊事物。 The dog is one of the cleverest animals in the world.狗是世界上最聰明的動(dòng)物之一。 8．用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫婦倆”。 The Turners were having lunch when I got there.我到那里的時(shí)候，特納一家正在吃午飯。 9．用在next, last, same, only等詞前。 —Are you the only child？你是獨(dú)生子嗎？ —No. I have a sister.不是，我有一個(gè)姐姐。 10．構(gòu)成一些固定短語。 around the world世界各地 do the dishes清洗餐具 go to the movies看電影 take the subway乘地鐵 in the countryside在鄉(xiāng)下；在農(nóng)村 in the face of面對(問題、困難等) at the top of...在……頂部或頂端 in the end最后 all the time頻繁；反復(fù) at the beginning of...在……開始 at the same time同時(shí)；一起 by the time ...在……以前 by the end of在(某時(shí)間點(diǎn))以前 the day before yesterday前天 the day after tomorrow后天 get in the way of...擋……的路；妨礙 on the one hand ... on the other hand ...一方面……另一方面…… the more... the more...越……越……；愈……愈…… 定冠詞的基本用法 定冠詞用法有規(guī)律，防止遺忘很容易。 特指雙方都熟悉，上文已經(jīng)被提及。 世上無二僅獨(dú)一，序數(shù)詞和最高級。 山河海島建筑物，姓氏復(fù)數(shù)奏樂器。 少數(shù)形表人一類，方位名詞須牢記。 普構(gòu)專有慣用詞，試用此訣有效率。 1．(xx天津中考改編)There is an old piano in corner of the living room. A．the B．a(chǎn)n C．a(chǎn) D．/ 2．(xx四川成都中考改編)—Who is boy playing soccer over there? —He is my classmate, Li Ping. A．a(chǎn) B．/ C．the D．a(chǎn)n 3．(xx四川達(dá)州中考改編)—Jim is a careless boy. —Yeah.Youre right.He always drops “o” when he writes the word “dangerous”． A．the B．a(chǎn)n C．a(chǎn) D．/ 4．(xx浙江溫州中考)—Will you go to schoolleavers party tomorrow? —Certainly. Im going with my parents. A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/ 5．(xx貴州中考改編)—Jane, I found an umbrella. Is it yours? —No. Its Mikes. Mine is third one on the shelf. A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/ 6．(xx四川眉山中考改編)—Listen! Someone is playing violin. —Wow! What beautiful music! I like it very much. A．the B．a(chǎn)n C．a(chǎn) D．/ 考點(diǎn)三 零冠詞 1．表示泛指的不可數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。 We cant live without air.我們離不開空氣。 I like oranges, but my mother likes apples.我喜歡橘子，但我媽媽喜歡蘋果。 2．名詞前已有限定詞時(shí)。 There is no pen in your schoolbag.你書包里沒有鋼筆。 3．表示節(jié)日、季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期的名詞前。 March 8th is Womens Day.3月8日是婦女節(jié)。 表示節(jié)日后面用day的時(shí)候不用the; 用festival的時(shí)候加the，如Thanksgiving Day, the Spring Festival。 4．表示球類、棋類、游戲、學(xué)科、語言、三餐的名詞前。 What do you like for breakfast？你早餐想吃什么？ Lets play basketball after school.放學(xué)后咱們打籃球吧！ 5．by后接交通工具時(shí)。 by bike騎自行車　　　　 by car開汽車 6．構(gòu)成一些固定短語。 on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)　 on foot步行 at noon在中午 at first首先；最初 by mistake錯(cuò)誤地；無意中 零冠詞 下列情況不用冠，名詞之前代詞限。 專有名詞不可數(shù)，球類、學(xué)科與三餐。 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，節(jié)日、月份、星期前。 顏色、語種和國名，稱呼、習(xí)語及頭銜。 有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞，意義有所不同。 (1)at table在吃飯；at the table在桌子旁 (2)in class在上課；in the class在班級中 (3)go to school去上學(xué)；go to the school到那所學(xué)校去 (4)go to bed上床睡覺；go to the bed到床那邊去 (5)in front of在……的前面；in the front of在……的前部 1．(xx吉林長春中考)I enjoy having breakfast with my family at home. It makes me feel relaxed. A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/ 2．(xx內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特中考改編)—There is a chess match between a Korean player and AlphaGo. —Its very amazing. Playing chess is usually a onetoone game. A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/ 3．(xx黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考改編)—How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? —It takes us an hour to go to my hometown by train. A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/ 4．(xx重慶中考)The boys often play basketball after school. A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．a(chǎn)n D．the 5．Those children are very naughty, but I like staying with them. A．the B．a(chǎn) C．/ D．a(chǎn)n 6．Both parents and children must try to bridge the generation gap between them. A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．the D．a(chǎn)n 參考答案 【語法考點(diǎn)剖析】 考點(diǎn)一　1～5 BBBCB　6～7 BA 考點(diǎn)二　1～6 ACACCA 考點(diǎn)三　1～6 DDDACA