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1、相關短語相關短語1. the minority/majority of. 少數(shù)少數(shù)/大多數(shù)大多數(shù)2. traffic safety 交通安全交通安全3. disapprove of 不同意；不贊成不同意；不贊成4. persuade sb. not to do. 說服某人不做說服某人不做5. follow the advice 聽從勸告聽從勸告6. as far as I am concerned 就我所知就我所知7. carry out 實施實施8. think highly of 高度評價高度評價9. a good solution to. 一個做一個做的解決的解決好辦法好辦法10. in
2、 addition 此外此外11. become more rebellious 變得更加叛變得更加叛逆逆12. from my perspective 在我看來在我看來13. be suitable for 適合適合14. have a heated discussion 進行一次熱進行一次熱烈的討論烈的討論15. provide a stage for sb. 給某人提供一給某人提供一個舞臺個舞臺16. draw the conclusion that. 得出結論得出結論17. key to success 成功的秘訣成功的秘訣18. focus more on. 更加關注更加關注相關句式
3、相關句式1. Recently we have had a discussion about whether parents should accompany their children at school. 最最近我們討論了父母是否該在學校陪讀。近我們討論了父母是否該在學校陪讀。2. Nearly 70% of us disagree because they think it makes them fall into the habit of dependence.我們中有將近我們中有將近70%的人不贊同的人不贊同,因為他們認為這會使他們養(yǎng)因為他們認為這會使他們養(yǎng)成依賴性。成依賴性。3.
4、 While about 30% of my classmates think it necessary for our parents to accompany us.而我的同學中大約而我的同學中大約30%的人認為父母有的人認為父母有必要陪讀。必要陪讀。4. Some people say yes, who think that the Internet helps make friends on line. 有些人有些人同意同意, 他們認為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有助于網(wǎng)上交友。他們認為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有助于網(wǎng)上交友。5. My opinion is that students should place their
5、study, health and safety before other things.我的意見是學生應我的意見是學生應該把學習、健康、和安全放在其他事該把學習、健康、和安全放在其他事情之前。情之前。1. 基礎寫作是根據(jù)所給的內容組織成文基礎寫作是根據(jù)所給的內容組織成文, 不是自由發(fā)揮。部分考生喜歡在文章中使不是自由發(fā)揮。部分考生喜歡在文章中使用用 “Every coin has two sides”過渡過渡, 但是但是這個句子并不包含任何信息點這個句子并不包含任何信息點, 不適合在不適合在基礎寫作中使用。基礎寫作中使用。2. 正反論證的議論文要注意使用轉折和對正反論證的議論文要注意使用轉折
6、和對比的詞比的詞, 如如however, in contrast, compared with等。等。3. 如果文章最后要求考生發(fā)表自己觀點如果文章最后要求考生發(fā)表自己觀點, 考考生不能簡單地說生不能簡單地說I agree with.或者或者I disagree with., 而是要言之有物而是要言之有物, 有理有據(jù)。有理有據(jù)。你班同學開展了一場你班同學開展了一場“司機醉駕是否應該處罰乘客司機醉駕是否應該處罰乘客”的討論。請你根據(jù)下表提供的信息的討論。請你根據(jù)下表提供的信息, 給報社寫一封信給報社寫一封信, 介紹討論的情況介紹討論的情況, 并發(fā)表你的看法。并發(fā)表你的看法。寫作內容寫作內容少數(shù)同
7、學贊成處罰乘客少數(shù)同學贊成處罰乘客大多數(shù)同學反對處罰乘客大多數(shù)同學反對處罰乘客1. 減少交通事故減少交通事故,促進促進交通安全交通安全2. 不乘坐醉酒司機的車不乘坐醉酒司機的車,不僅是對自己負責不僅是對自己負責, 也也是對司機和路人負責是對司機和路人負責1. 乘客難以判斷司機是否乘客難以判斷司機是否醉酒醉酒2. 即使乘客知道司機飲即使乘客知道司機飲酒酒, 如果司機不聽從乘客的如果司機不聽從乘客的勸誡勸誡, 處罰乘客是不公平的處罰乘客是不公平的你的看法：你的看法：例題導寫例題導寫1. 確定文體結構。本文是正反論證確定文體結構。本文是正反論證, 因此正反觀點之間因此正反觀點之間的論證應該是屬于并列
8、關系的論證應該是屬于并列關系, 而雙方觀點的論點和分論而雙方觀點的論點和分論點則為總分關系。而最后，考題要求考生寫出自己的點則為總分關系。而最后，考題要求考生寫出自己的觀點觀點, 這個屬于對全文的總結。因此這個屬于對全文的總結。因此, 文章的信息點劃文章的信息點劃分非常明確分非常明確, 正反觀點各占兩個句子正反觀點各占兩個句子, 考生的觀點應該考生的觀點應該為最后一個句子?？忌梢圆捎脙煞N方法使自己的觀為最后一個句子。考生可以采用兩種方法使自己的觀點明確。第一種：第一句的信息點可以包含點明確。第一種：第一句的信息點可以包含“少數(shù)同少數(shù)同學贊成處罰乘客學贊成處罰乘客”(總起總起)和第一個原因和第
9、一個原因, 而第二句則講而第二句則講述第二個原因述第二個原因(遞進遞進); 第二種：第一句為總起，第二句第二種：第一句為總起，第二句則包含了兩個贊成的理由。陳述則包含了兩個贊成的理由。陳述“大多數(shù)同學反對處大多數(shù)同學反對處罰乘客罰乘客”這方面也是同理。這方面也是同理。2. 詞匯整理詞匯整理句句1：(1) 少數(shù)同學少數(shù)同學: the minority of students句句2：(2) 交通事故交通事故 : traffic accidents(3) 交通安全交通安全 : traffic safety(4) 對對負責任負責任 : be responsible for句句3：(4) 大部分學生大部
10、分學生 :the majority of students句句4：(5) 勸說某人做某事勸說某人做某事 : persuade sb. to do sth. (6) 聽從某人的勸說聽從某人的勸說 : follow ones advice3. 難句翻譯難句翻譯 句句2：不乘坐醉酒司機的車：不乘坐醉酒司機的車, 不僅是對自己不僅是對自己負責負責,也是對司機和路人負責。也是對司機和路人負責。分析：本句的主語是分析：本句的主語是 “不乘坐醉酒司機不乘坐醉酒司機的車的車”, 因此考生可以考慮使用動詞不定因此考生可以考慮使用動詞不定式式not to do sth.作主語。不僅作主語。不僅也也可以使用可以使用
11、not only.but also.或者或者as well as這些短語。這些短語。翻譯翻譯 : Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road. / Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is responsible for passengers themsel
12、ves as well as the drivers and other people on the road.句句4：即使乘客知道司機飲酒：即使乘客知道司機飲酒, 如果司機不聽如果司機不聽從乘客的勸誡從乘客的勸誡, 處罰乘客是不公平的。處罰乘客是不公平的。分析：本句的主句是分析：本句的主句是“處罰乘客是不公平的處罰乘客是不公平的”, 考生可以考慮用考生可以考慮用it作形式主語的句型作形式主語的句型it is unfair to.，而，而“即使即使”可以使用可以使用even if引引導的讓步狀語從句。導的讓步狀語從句。翻譯翻譯: Even if the passenger knows the
13、driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice.4. 連句成文連句成文 (1)不同意某個觀點不同意某個觀點:disagree with sb. /be against the opinion that /disapprove of the idea(2)表述表述“轉折轉折”的連接詞的連接詞:although /instead
14、/rather than/ nevertheless/otherwise / on the one hand.on the other hand.(3) 表示表示“對照對照”的連接詞的連接詞(3)whereas /in contrast /unlike /on the contrary /while / by contrast /compared with(4) 表示表示“讓步讓步”的連接詞的連接詞(4)after all /in spite of /still /provided / while it is true.參考范文參考范文 Dear Editor， Im writing to t
15、ell you about the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. The minority of the students hold the opinion that punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety. Not to ride in a car driven by a
16、drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road. The majority of the students, however, disapprove of the idea, stating that it is difficult for common passengers to know whether the driver has been drinking or not. Wh
17、ats more, even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice. As far as I am concerned, punishing passengers as well as the drivers is not only unfair but is a
18、lso hard to carry out. Yours sincerely， Li Hua能力提高能力提高1. 短語翻譯短語翻譯(1)盡管盡管: despite / in spite of / although / though(2)由于由于: due to / because of / owing to / on account of(3)然而然而: however / yet(4) 因為因為 :because / since / as(5) 此外此外 : Besides / Whats more / In addition / Furthermore / Moreover(6) 即使即使
19、 :even if / even though(7) 總之總之 : In general /In short /All in all / To draw a conclusion / On the whole(8) 但是但是 :but(9) 導致導致 :bring about/give rise to / lead to /result in(10) 與與無法相比無法相比: cant be compared with2. 作文填空作文填空 We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars a
20、nd we have different opinions. Some believe that we should give money to those who are in bad need of our help. Among these beggars are the elderly， drop-outs and the disabled, who can hardly make a living 1 _ old age, poverty or physical inability. due to/because of /owing toMany more students, 2 _
21、, think we shouldnt give them money 3 _ most of the beggars are begging in the hope of earning some easy money. 4 _, to give money would encourage them to be lazy 5 _ _ they have the ability to work. 6 _, _we should help the people of the inferior group, 7 _ we should remain sensible when giving the
22、m money.buthoweverbecause/since/as Besides/Whats more/In addition/Furthermoreeven if /eventhoughIn general/In short/All in all/To draw aconclusion3. 翻譯句子翻譯句子 (8) 盡管自行車有很多明顯的優(yōu)點盡管自行車有很多明顯的優(yōu)點, 但是它也存但是它也存在它的問題在它的問題, 因為在速度和舒適度等方面因為在速度和舒適度等方面, 自行自行車是無法和汽車、火車這樣的交通工具相比的。車是無法和汽車、火車這樣的交通工具相比的。Despite many obv
23、ious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problems because bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.(9)很多人存在這樣的誤解很多人存在這樣的誤解, 認為離開學校認為離開學校就意味著結束了他們的教育。顯然就意味著結束了他們的教育。顯然, 他們忽他們忽視了教育是人生重要部分這一基本事實。視了教育是人生重要部分這一基本事實。A large number of peo
24、ple tend to live under the illusion that /wrongly believe that they have completed their education when they finish their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.(10)越來越多的專家相信移民對城市的建設越來越多的專家相信移民對城市的建設
25、起到積極作用。然而起到積極作用。然而, 越來越多的城市居民越來越多的城市居民卻懷疑這種說法卻懷疑這種說法,他們抱怨民工給城市帶來了他們抱怨民工給城市帶來了很多嚴重的問題很多嚴重的問題, 如：犯罪等。如：犯罪等。An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will have positive effects on the construction of cities. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who
26、complain that the migrants have brought about /given rise to /led to / resulted in many serious problems like crime.最近一則關于最近一則關于“狼爸狼爸”通過嚴厲的家教通過嚴厲的家教, 甚至鞭打子甚至鞭打子女促使他們考上北大的報道掀起了討論的熱潮。你女促使他們考上北大的報道掀起了討論的熱潮。你們學校上周末也因此開展了一場們學校上周末也因此開展了一場“Is Wolf Dad approach wrong?”的討論的討論, 你對辯論賽作了一份總結。你對辯論賽作了一份總結。20%的學生認
27、為的學生認為“狼狼爸爸”方法正確方法正確80%的學生不贊成這種方法的學生不贊成這種方法1. 教會孩子自律教會孩子自律2. 解決中國父母過分解決中國父母過分溺愛孩子的問題溺愛孩子的問題1. 方法粗暴方法粗暴, 甚至是違法的甚至是違法的2. 使孩子更叛逆使孩子更叛逆3. 孩子童年快樂更重要孩子童年快樂更重要寫作內容寫作內容 1. 以上表格的內容；以上表格的內容； 2. 你的看法。你的看法。參考詞匯：參考詞匯：rebellious adj. 叛逆的叛逆的參考范文參考范文 Last weekend, a debate was held in my school about whether Wolf D
28、ad approach is wrong and students hold different opinions. 20% of the students think highly of Wolf Dad approach because they firmly believe that it can teach a child self-discipline, which is very important for their growth. What is more, too many Chinese children are ruined with excessive love and
29、 care so Wolf Dad approach is a good solution to this big problem. However, the majority of the students disapprove of this approach, believing that it is rude and even illegal. In addition, children may become more rebellious and it is more important for them to have a happy childhood. From my pers
30、pective, Wolf Dad approach is too extreme and is not suitable for every family.精華點評精華點評 在正反論證的議論文中在正反論證的議論文中, 在表達觀在表達觀點的時候點的時候, 很多考生只是會用很多考生只是會用they think, agree, disagree等簡單低級的詞匯?？嫉群唵蔚图壍脑~匯。考生要注意語言的豐富性。在而本范文則生要注意語言的豐富性。在而本范文則使用了多個不同的詞組：使用了多個不同的詞組：think highly of, firmly believe that, disapprove of和和
31、believing that。 另外考生不要把基礎寫作看成簡單的翻譯另外考生不要把基礎寫作看成簡單的翻譯, 如如“解決中國父母過分溺愛孩子的問題解決中國父母過分溺愛孩子的問題”倘若簡倘若簡單翻譯為單翻譯為solve the problem of Chinese parents spoiling their children, 語法上雖然沒有錯語法上雖然沒有錯, 但是但是并不地道并不地道,因此可以根據(jù)信息點的語意和內在邏因此可以根據(jù)信息點的語意和內在邏輯對句子改造為輯對句子改造為“孩子受到過分的寵愛孩子受到過分的寵愛, 而而狼狼爸爸方法可以解決這個問題：方法可以解決這個問題：Too many C
32、hinese children are ruined with excessive love and care so Wolf Dad approach is a good solution to this big problem.如今如今, 選美比賽在青少年中越來越普及選美比賽在青少年中越來越普及, 因此你們因此你們班就此開展了一場班就此開展了一場“Should beauty contests be held among teenagers?”的討論的討論, 請你根據(jù)下面表請你根據(jù)下面表格內容寫一份總結。格內容寫一份總結。一些同學認為一些同學認為另一部分同學認為另一部分同學認為1. 愛美之心
33、是人之常情愛美之心是人之常情2. 提供了展示美和欣賞美提供了展示美和欣賞美的平臺的平臺3. 提高青少年審美品味提高青少年審美品味, 如如在重要場所應該如何穿衣在重要場所應該如何穿衣1. 著重外貌，麻木追求著重外貌，麻木追求外表美外表美2. 商業(yè)化，參與比賽浪商業(yè)化，參與比賽浪費時間和金錢費時間和金錢總結：外貌并非成功的關鍵，應注重內在美總結：外貌并非成功的關鍵，應注重內在美參考范文參考范文 Recently our class has had a heated discussion about whether beauty contests should be held among teena
34、gers. Some students hold the opinion that love of beauty is part of human nature, so beauty contests not only provide a stage for people to show off their beauty but also a good chance to appreciate beauty. Beauty contests, in their opinion, can help improve teenagers tastes like helping them choose
35、 the right clothes for important occasions. However, other students disagree because they are afraid that most beauty contests focus on contestants appearance, which encourages teenagers to run blindly after appearances. Moreover, many beauty contests are too commercialized and it is a waste of time
36、 and money to take part. Although our classmates opinions vary, we can still safely draw the conclusion that a good face is not the key to success and we should focus more on inner beauty.精華點評精華點評 首先首先, 本文的語言比較豐富和地道本文的語言比較豐富和地道, 如如“人之常情人之常情”可以翻譯為可以翻譯為human nature, “提供平臺提供平臺”可以翻譯為可以翻譯為provide a stage
37、 for sb., “提高品位提高品位”可以翻譯為可以翻譯為“improve ones taste”, 而而“麻木追求麻木追求”可以翻譯為可以翻譯為“run blindly after”。因此。因此, 考生在平時的考生在平時的學習中應該多點積累豐富的詞匯短語。學習中應該多點積累豐富的詞匯短語。 另外另外, 本文的句型也比較豐富本文的句型也比較豐富, 第一句使第一句使用了用了not only.but also.的句型的句型; 第二句第二句把把in their opinion 放在句子中間放在句子中間, 使句子使句子顯得更靈活顯得更靈活; 第三句用了第三句用了because原因狀原因狀語從句語從句; 第四句是并列句第四句是并列句; 而最后一句則而最后一句則使用了一個使用了一個Although our classmates opinions vary.“讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句+主句主句”的的復合句句型。復合句句型。
高考英語 專題解析基礎寫作 正反論證課件
