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1、1adapt v.1)(使)適應(yīng)；(使)適合He adapted himself to cold weather.他適應(yīng)了寒冷的天氣。2)改編；改裝Here is a letter adapted from“Dear Abby”， Philadephia Bulletin, on March 9, 1973.這里摘登一封“親愛(ài)的愛(ài)華”的回信，刊登在1973年3月9日的費(fèi)城公報(bào)上。知識(shí)拓展adapt for 使適合于；為改編(改寫)adapt from 根據(jù)改寫(改編)adapt sth. to 使某事物適應(yīng)或適合adapt oneself to 使自己適應(yīng)或習(xí)慣于某事注意：該詞的詞形與adop
2、t vt.“采用；收養(yǎng)”和adept adj. “內(nèi)行的；熟練的”較為相似，要注意區(qū)分它們。高考直擊(2009浙江)The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.AadaptBappealCattach Dapply解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。adapt“適應(yīng)”；appeal“吸引；呼吁”；attach“吸附”；apply“申請(qǐng)”。句意：孩子有個(gè)好處就是他們很容易適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。故選A。答案：A即學(xué)即用When they came to a new country; they found it
3、 difficult to_themselves to new circumstances.Aapply BacceptCadmit Dadapt答案：D2evolve v. 發(fā)展；進(jìn)化；演變助記evolve He has evolved his own writing style. 他已形成了自己的寫作風(fēng)格。 The small company has evolved into a big international firm. 這家小公司已發(fā)展成為一家大型的跨國(guó)公司。即學(xué)即用Some people believe that we_from the apes.Aevolved BcameCi
4、nvolved Devolution答案：A1be related (to) 和有聯(lián)系；和有關(guān)系；有親屬關(guān)系Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.這一地區(qū)的許多犯罪都與濫用毒品有關(guān)。Are you related to Mary?你與瑪麗是親戚嗎？知識(shí)拓展1)relate v. 聯(lián)系；使有聯(lián)系；把聯(lián)系在一起；敘述I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.我覺(jué)得很難把這兩種想法聯(lián)系在一起。2)relate to涉及；與相關(guān)；理解并同情；了解We shou
5、ld discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)針對(duì)我們的具體情況來(lái)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland. 第二段談到蘇格蘭的形勢(shì)。 Many adults cant relate to children. 許多成年人并不了解兒童的想法。 3)(派)related adj. 有關(guān)的；聯(lián)系的 relatedness n. 有關(guān) relationship n. 關(guān)系；關(guān)聯(lián) relation n. 聯(lián)系；關(guān)聯(lián)；關(guān)系 relativi
6、ty n. 相對(duì)性 relative adj. 有關(guān)聯(lián)的；有關(guān)系的即學(xué)即用T h e m a t t e r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ y o u r s t u d y s u r e l y requires_carefully.Arelating to; dealing withBrelated to; dealt withCrelated to; being dealt withDrelating to; having dealt with答案：A2die out1)(指宗族、物種)滅絕；滅亡This kind of bird is dying out.這種鳥正在瀕臨滅絕。2)(
7、習(xí)俗等)漸漸消失Many old customs are gradually dying out.許多舊習(xí)俗正在日漸消失。知識(shí)拓展die away 逐漸停止；逐漸消失die off 相繼死去die down 逐漸減弱；逐漸模糊；平息；平靜die of. 因而死(因疾病，饑寒，情感等而死)die from. 因而死(因外因而死)即學(xué)即用The moths habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly_.Adied away Bdied downCdied out Ddied from答案：C may/mighthave過(guò)去分詞：表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存
8、在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行不肯定的推測(cè)，即說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為過(guò)去某事發(fā)生的可能性或某狀態(tài)存在的可能性。可用于肯定句(意思是“可能已經(jīng)”)和否定句(意思是“可能沒(méi)有”)；might的語(yǔ)氣沒(méi)有may那么肯定。 He may not have finished the work. 他可能還沒(méi)有完成那項(xiàng)工作。 He might not have got your letter. 他或許沒(méi)有收到你的來(lái)信。 How quickly time passed! It might have happened yesterday. 時(shí)間過(guò)得好快??！這事好像就發(fā)生在昨天。 但有時(shí)might可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去可能發(fā)生而沒(méi)發(fā)生的事情。 You
9、were so careless that day. You might have made a bad mistake. 那天你太粗心了，你有可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤的。(事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有犯錯(cuò)誤)知識(shí)拓展其他“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have過(guò)去分詞”的用法1)“musthave過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去的某事做出的肯定判斷。The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.地面很濕，昨天晚上一定下雨了。2)“can/couldhave過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去某種行為或存在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行否定推測(cè)。can常用于否定句(意思是“不可能已經(jīng)”)和疑問(wèn)句；could除用于否定句及疑問(wèn)句外，還可用
10、于肯定句(意思是“那時(shí)可能；本來(lái)可以，但實(shí)際并未發(fā)生”。) Dont worrythey could have just forgotten to phone. 別擔(dān)心他們很可能只是忘了打電話。 He cannot have been to that town. 他根本不可能去過(guò)那座城市。 Can he have got the book? 他會(huì)有那本書嗎？ The snowstorm was terrible that day. You could have lost your way. 那天暴風(fēng)雪是可怕的，你本可能會(huì)迷路的。(事實(shí)上你并沒(méi)有迷路) 3)“needhave過(guò)去分詞”常用于否定
11、句，表示過(guò)去做了不必做或不需要做的事情或過(guò)去做某事純屬多余，含有“根本不必；本來(lái)不必”之意，也可用于疑問(wèn)句。 You neednt have told them that. 你沒(méi)有必要告訴他們那個(gè)。 Need they have done it last week? 他們上周做這事有必要嗎？ 4)“should/ought tohave過(guò)去分詞”的肯定式表示“過(guò)去本應(yīng)做某事(但實(shí)際上卻沒(méi)做)”；其否定表示“過(guò)去不該做某事(但卻做了)”。含有不滿或責(zé)備之意。 You should(ought to)have asked for my permission. 你本應(yīng)征求我的同意。(事實(shí)上，你并沒(méi)有
12、請(qǐng)求我準(zhǔn)許) You shouldnt(oughtnt to)have kept the books in the damp place. 你本不應(yīng)該把那些書放在潮濕的地方。(實(shí)際上已放潮濕的地方了。) 5)“wouldhave過(guò)去分詞”表示過(guò)去本來(lái)要做某事卻因某種原因未做，通常用來(lái)說(shuō)明某種情況，但不像用should或ought to那樣含有責(zé)備之意。 I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill. 我本來(lái)要早點(diǎn)給你寫信的，但我生病了。高考直擊(1)(2008重慶)I cant find my purse anywhere.Yo
13、u_have lost it while shopping.Amay BcanCshould Dwould解析：本題主要考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的用法。句意為：“我到處都找不到錢包”?！澳阋苍S在購(gòu)物時(shí)把它丟了”?？隙ň渲袑?duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)應(yīng)用may/might have done而can/should have done多表對(duì)過(guò)去能/該做而未做的事情的一種責(zé)備或不滿，would have done表推測(cè)時(shí)多用于否定句中或表示“當(dāng)時(shí)就做了”。答案：A(2)(2008天津)She_have left school, for her bike is still here.Acant BwouldntC
14、shouldnt Dneednt解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法。句意：她一定還沒(méi)有離校，她的自行車還在。can用于否定句，表示某事肯定不真實(shí)。其它三項(xiàng)都不表推測(cè)。答案：A(3)(2008江西)What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he_better.Aneed have done Bmust have doneCcan have done Dmight have done解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣。what a pity表明了一種遺憾的語(yǔ)氣。句意為“太可惜了！就能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)而言，他應(yīng)該/或許/一定會(huì)做得更好些的。”A明顯不正確
15、：B項(xiàng)與上文矛盾，C項(xiàng)中表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)把can改為could，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)；只有D項(xiàng)might表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情的肯定的推測(cè)，意為“或許”。 答案：D(4)(2010山東卷，25)I_have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt解析：句意：我不該看那部電影的，那會(huì)讓我做噩夢(mèng)?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。shouldnt“不應(yīng)該”；neednt“不必”；couldnt“不可能”；mustnt不與have done連用。答案：A(5)(2008江蘇)She looks very
16、 happy. She_have passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult after all.Ashould BcouldCmust Dmight解析：對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)用must have done.答案：C(6)(2010天津卷，9)Mark_have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt解析：句意：邁克沒(méi)有必要急急忙忙。高速行駛之后，他提前半小時(shí)到達(dá)了。neednt have do
17、ne表示“本不必干某事而干了”；wouldnt have done表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣；must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的肯定推測(cè)，此結(jié)構(gòu)不能用于否定式；couldnt have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)。根據(jù)句意A項(xiàng)正確。答案：A(7)(2010安徽卷，32)Jack described his father, who_a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled man.Awould be Bwould have beenCmust be Dmust have been解析：句意：杰克把多年以前是個(gè)勇敢男孩的父親描述成一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人。表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，要用must have done結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D。答案：D
高中英語(yǔ) Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Nature World 第3課時(shí) Grammar同步課件 外研版必修4
